Page21 Early Human Species Notes Page20 Warm Up: Prepare for Notebook Check Take 5 minutes and compare your notebook with a partner. Do you have?: -page.

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Early Human Species Notes

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Warm Up: Prepare for Notebook CheckTake 5 minutes and compare your notebook with a partner. Do you have?:-page numbers correct?-Essential Questions on left side pages?-titles on right side pages?-WIO’s and Warm-Up assignments written and completed?-Notes taped in where they need to be?

WIO: Mankind Video Notes and ReflectionAnswer in at least 3 complete sentences:What was the most interesting thing you learned from the video today? Why was it interesting to you? What do you want to know more about?

Date: 9.24.13 A9.25.13 B

Class Work:•Warm Up •Check HW- Scavenger Hunt•Notebook Check- Quiz Grade (15 min)•WIO (30 min) •Early Human Species Notes (15 min) •Go over HW

What features and skills have made the human species survive?

HW: Get Progress Report Signed.Make corrections to project or turn in missing assignments as needed.

Finish Today’s WIO

Notebook Check

• You have 15 minutes to complete. NO LONGER.

• Put answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Important ant Scavenger Hunt Answers

• 1) Why do you think the areas on the image/visual in green? Come back and Clarify your answer (after you have done your research)

– Prediction:

– Clarification: Those are the fertile lands. This is the area of the world that we refer to as the “Fertile Crescent” because it is from this area that civilizations begin to thrive.

• 4) Click the tab “Overview” to return to the previous page. Select “Chapter 1 – Human Origins”, and then select “1.1 Rise of Humans”. This page is discussing footprints- How are the footprints being used? Where have you seen an example of this before?

• They are being used to relate fossils to human origins.

Important Scavenger Hunt Answers

• 5) *Archeology in the beginning was about looking for treasure. Archeology today is more to find the historical events so that we can better understand our world.

• *Tools that are used are more advanced and can date artifacts and fossils more accurately.

• 6) Anthropologists study human behaviors and cultures. – Archeologists study the artifacts and fossils of human

societies.

Important Scavenger Hunt Answers

• 7) What are some ways that Archeologists examine a site?– *Digging/excavation– *Precision tools

• 9) Look over the “Review Flashcards” What are they titled? How could something like this be resourceful to you at home (not just this unit-but any)?– * study tool

• 10) What were the changes that led to human migration out of Africa?

How did they migrate? Provide 2 examples.– *Climate change– *need for resources– *walked in mass groups

• 13) Can you find reasoning why they were they created? What is The Social Hierarchy?

– 1. Religious Officials– 2.Skilled workers– 3.Merchants and artisans– 4. Farmers

Mankind Video Notes

• Video Guide goes on page 20- TODAY’S WIO

• IT GOES IN ORDER! PAY ATTENTION!

• WE WILL GO OVER IT if you don’t get it. DON’T Distract someone else!

Mankind: human origins video key• ___13 Billion years___ after the universe begins, the human species is born. • In the grasslands of ___EAST AFRICA________human begins their

struggle to survive.• What are 2 features of those first humans described in the video?

– 2 inches taller than the average American– A natural athlete– A born hunter– Good vision, accurately judge distance– Dexterous hands– Speed on two legs

• Why does man need to invent tools?– Weapons make you more powerful– Tools make the man better– Need to be on two feet and free your hands

• The greatest key to our survival is the use of ___FIRE_______.

• Name two ways fire helps our survival.– Cooking food– Protection from predators

• What benefit does cooking food have for human development? – Easier to digest food which means we can have a

smaller stomach– Smaller stomachs mean our brain can have more ability

to grow bigger, make more connections• 70,000 years ago, humans begin to MIGRATE out of Africa.

• Over 50,000 years, mankind begins to settle in Middle East, Asia, Australia, and Europe.

• The Ice Age begins due to a shift of the planet away from the sun. How did early humans survive the Ice Age.– Live in caves for protection– Clothing created for protection from the cold

• What do the cave paintings show us?– First display of sense of identity– Shows evidence of survival

• By 10,000 BCE, human population reaches 1 million.• What part of the world begins the agricultural revolution?

Middle East

• People settle where food can be grown- Fertile Land• The foundation of our modern world is planting the first

seed. • An acre of land can feed 100 times more people as

hunting and gathering. • What is the first crop to conquer the globe? WHEAT• Taming and breeding animals is the key to growing

populations.• TRUE or FALSE. Farmers had a shorter life span than

hunters. Explain why this is. Farmers would fight over their land. Land equals survival.

The First Humans

Hominids are the family of mankind

and his or her relatives.

TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS

ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS ORIGIN?

AFRICA

KEY UNDERSTANDINGS:WHAT DOES MIGRATION MEAN?• MIGRATION IS MOVING FROM ONE PLACE TO

ANOTHER

NAME TWO REASONS WHY EARLY HOMINIDS MIGRATED FROM AFRICA.

• 1) Food 2) Climate 

HOW DID EARLY HOMINIDS MOVE FROM CONTINENT TO CONTINENT?

• They built rafts or walked over glaciered land bridges between the continents before the end of the Ice Age.

Very Early HumansIt was during this time that the higher primates, including apes and early man, first appeared.

Their hands were different, too. Ape hands were made for climbing and clinging. Man’s hands were jointed differently, which allowed them to make and use tools.

There was a difference between apes and man. Early human-like hominids could stand upright. Apes could not.

First Humanswww.sonoma.edu/.../ anclub/neanderfacts.html

• Characteristics– Powerful jaw

– Receding chins

– Low foreheads

– Heavy eyebrows

LOUIS & MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) - Kenyan archaeologists who began looking for early human remains in East Africa. They found many tools, bones & other artifacts.

*NOTES*

DONALD JOHANSON - (1974) archaeologist who found “Lucy”, a part of an early human skeleton in Ethiopia

"Lucy" skeleton, "Lucy" skeleton, Australopithecus Australopithecus afarensis, about afarensis, about 2.6 million years 2.6 million years ago.ago.

Archaeologist Mary LeakyArchaeologist Mary Leaky

STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN:

1. 90cc skull size

2. Upright vertebrate

3. Thumb for tool making

Stage 1-Homo Habilis- Stage 1-Homo Habilis- ““Handy ManHandy Man””

First to First to make make stone stone toolstools2.5 2.5 million million years Agoyears Ago

Stage 2- Homo ErectusStage 2- Homo Erectus

• 1.5 million BC – 1.5 million BC – 250,000 BC250,000 BC

HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ““upright manupright man””

• 11stst to use to use firefire• May have had May have had

spoken spoken languagelanguage

• 11stst hominid to hominid to migrate migrate out of out of AfricaAfrica

Upright ManMany years passed. Another group of man was born. Scientists nicknamed this group “Upright Man”. Upright Man did know how to make fire.

That changed everything!

People began to cook their food, which helped to reduce disease. People collected around the fire each night, to share stories of the day's hunt and activities, which helped to develop a spirit of community.

Upright ManThese Stone Age people were about the same size as modern humans. Their tool-making skills were considerably improved. Their weapons included stone axes and knives.

Because Upright Man could make fire, he was free to move about in search of food. He did not have to worry about freezing. He made warm clothes from animal skins. At night, he built a campfire to cook his food and to stay warm.

Man Leaves HomeAbout one million years ago, Upright Man began to slowly leave Africa. These early people began to populate the world.

Scientists have found artifacts of their tools and weapons, which help us to understand how they lived, where they went, and how they got there.

They did not need a boat. The Ice Age was here! They traveled across giant walkways of frozen ice, over what later would become vast rivers and seas.

Stage 3- Homo SapiensStage 3- Homo Sapiens

• 250,000 BC - 250,000 BC - 30,000 BC30,000 BC

• HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS “ “wise wise humanshumans””

• Neanderthals

• Cro-Magnons

NeanderthalsNeanderthals• Scientists once thought Scientists once thought

that Neanderthals were that Neanderthals were ancestors of modern ancestors of modern humans but no longer humans but no longer do. do.

• These hominids These hominids appeared 200,000 appeared 200,000 years ago. years ago.

• About 30,000 years About 30,000 years ago, though, the ago, though, the Neanderthals strangely Neanderthals strangely disappeared. disappeared.

• 1st to 1st to bury bury their deadtheir dead

• ReligiousReligious beliefsbeliefs

• Clothes made Clothes made of of animal skinanimal skin

Neanderthals*Neanderthals were different from other species of early humans. *They were tall and smart* lived in caves*They were great hunters.

Considering how smart they were, and how advanced for their time, scientists are puzzled that the Neanderthals were one of the early species of man to die out. Many species of man died out in these early days. But why the Neanderthals? It is a history mystery.

• 30,000-8000 BC30,000-8000 BC• Replaced Replaced

NeanderthalsNeanderthals

• Fully Fully modern modern humanhuman

Cro-Magnons- Cro-Magnons- Homo Homo SapiensSapiens

Cro-Magnon ManAnother group of early men stood out during this period. Scientists nicknamed this group “Cro-Magnon man”.

Cro-Magnon man lived in Europe.

This group did not live a life of constant struggle for survival because they worked together to provide food for their tribe.

Cro-Magnon ManThese Stone Age people learned to cure and store food for the long winter. They used traps, which allowed them to catch food while they were busy doing something else. Fisherman used nets woven from vines and fishhooks.

Some groups built rafts and canoes to catch bigger fish in deeper waters.

They made clothing and jewelry. They invented the bow and arrow.

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons• About 10,000 years before Neanderthals About 10,000 years before Neanderthals

vanished, the Cro-Magnons appeared. vanished, the Cro-Magnons appeared. • Their bodies were just like those of modern Their bodies were just like those of modern

people. people. • Scientists think that these people Scientists think that these people workedworked with with

one another in planning large-scale one another in planning large-scale huntshunts of of animals. animals.

• They may have also had more skill at They may have also had more skill at speakingspeaking than Neanderthals. than Neanderthals.

• Because they had these skills, the Cro-Because they had these skills, the Cro-Magnons were better at finding food. Magnons were better at finding food. That may That may explain why Cro-Magnons survived and explain why Cro-Magnons survived and Neanderthals did notNeanderthals did not..

• During this time people found shelter in caves and left behind very interesting artifacts

Cave PaintingsCro-Magnon man did something rather unusual. For some reason, he drew paintings deep inside dark caves, on cave walls.

His paintings were added to the paintings already on the cave walls, left by other Cro-Magnon men.

Over time, a cavemight accumulate hundreds of paintings. Colors used most often were brown, yellow/tan, dark red, and coal black.