Page 19Page 18 Warm Up: What does a person need to survive? Come up with a list of seven things. WIO: What do you think was the key to success for early.

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Warm Up: What does a person need to survive? Come up with a list of seven things.

WIO: What do you think was the key to success for early humans? Why?*Minimum of 6 Sentences*

Date: 9.23.14 A9.24.14 B

Class Work:1)Warm-Up 2)Early Humans Notes3)WIO-Closure

HW:

Early HumansHow did the first humans survive?

The First Humans

Hominids are the family of mankind

and his or her relatives.

TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS

ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS ORIGIN?

East AFRICA

KEY UNDERSTANDINGS:WHAT DOES MIGRATION MEAN?• MIGRATION IS MOVING FROM ONE PLACE TO

ANOTHER

NAME TWO REASONS WHY EARLY HOMINIDS MIGRATED FROM AFRICA.

• 1) Food 2) Climate 

HOW DID EARLY HOMINIDS MOVE FROM CONTINENT TO CONTINENT?

• They built rafts or walked over glaciered land bridges between the continents before the end of the Ice Age.

Very Early HumansIt was during this time that the higher primates, including apes and early man, first appeared.

Their hands were different, too. Ape hands were made for climbing and clinging. Man’s hands were jointed differently, which allowed them to make and use tools.

There was a difference between apes and man. Early human-like hominids could stand upright. Apes could not.

First Humanswww.sonoma.edu/.../ anclub/neanderfacts.html

• Characteristics– Powerful jaw– Receding chins– Low foreheads– Heavy eyebrows

Fossils & Artifacts

• Fossils remains of living things (plants, animals, and people); not things that were made.

• Artifacts are the remains of things that were made by humans, not the remains of living things.

LOUIS & MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) - Kenyan archaeologists who began looking for early human remains in East Africa. They found many tools, bones & other artifacts.

*NOTES*

DONALD JOHANSON - (1974) archaeologist who found “Lucy”, a part of an early human skeleton in Ethiopia

"Lucy" skeleton, Australopithecus afarensis, about 2.6 million years ago.

Archaeologist Mary Leaky

STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN:

1. 90cc skull size

2. Upright vertebrate

3. Thumb for tool making

Stage 1-Homo Habilis- “Handy Man”

First to make stone tools2.5 million years Ago

Did not know how to make fire

Stage 2- Homo Erectus

• 1.5 million BC – 250,000 BC

HOMO ERECTUS “upright man”

• 1st to use fire• May have had

spoken language

• 1st hominid to migrate out of East Africa

Upright ManMany years passed. Another group of man was born. Scientists nicknamed this group “Upright Man”. Upright Man did know how to make fire.

That changed everything!

People began to cook their food, which helped to reduce disease. People collected around the fire each night, to share stories of the day's hunt and activities, which helped to develop a spirit of community.

Upright ManThese Stone Age people were about the same size as modern humans. Their tool-making skills were considerably improved. Their weapons included stone axes and knives.

Because Upright Man could make fire, he was free to move about in search of food. He did not have to worry about freezing. He made warm clothes from animal skins. At night, he built a campfire to cook his food and to stay warm.

Man Leaves HomeAbout one million years ago, Upright Man began to slowly leave Africa. These early people began to populate the world.

Scientists have found artifacts of their tools and weapons, which help us to understand how they lived, where they went, and how they got there.

They did not need a boat. The Ice Age was here! They traveled across giant walkways of frozen ice, over what later would become vast rivers and seas.

Stage 3- Homo Sapiens• 250,000 BC -

30,000 BC

• HOMO SAPIENS “wise humans”

• Neanderthals

• Cro-Magnons

Neanderthals• Scientists once

thought that Neanderthals were ancestors of modern humans but no longer do.

• These hominids appeared 200,000 years ago.

• About 30,000 years ago, though, the Neanderthals strangely disappeared.

• 1st to bury their dead

• Religious beliefs

• Clothes made of animal skin

Neanderthals*Neanderthals were different from other species of early humans. *They were tall and smart* lived in caves*They were great hunters.

Considering how smart they were, and how advanced for their time, scientists are puzzled that the Neanderthals were one of the early species of man to die out. Many species of man died out in these early days. But why the Neanderthals? It is a history mystery.

• 30,000-8000 BC• Replaced

Neanderthals

• Fully modern human

Cro-Magnons- Homo Sapiens

Cro-Magnon ManAnother group of early men stood out during this period. Scientists nicknamed this group “Cro-Magnon man”.

Cro-Magnon man lived in Europe.

This group did not live a life of constant struggle for survival because they worked together to provide food for their tribe.

Cro-Magnon ManThese Stone Age people learned to cure and store food for the long winter. They used traps, which allowed them to catch food while they were busy doing something else. Fisherman used nets woven from vines and fishhooks.

Some groups built rafts and canoes to catch bigger fish in deeper waters.

They made clothing and jewelry. They invented the bow and arrow.

Cro-Magnons• About 10,000 years before Neanderthals

vanished, the Cro-Magnons appeared. • Their bodies were just like those of modern

people. • Scientists think that these people worked with

one another in planning large-scale hunts of animals.

• They may have also had more skill at speaking than Neanderthals.

• Because they had these skills, the Cro-Magnons were better at finding food. That may explain why Cro-Magnons survived and Neanderthals did not.

• During this time people found shelter in caves and left behind very interesting artifacts

Cave PaintingsCro-Magnon man did something rather unusual. For some reason, he drew paintings deep inside dark caves, on cave walls.

His paintings were added to the paintings already on the cave walls, left by other Cro-Magnon men.

Over time, a cavemight accumulate hundreds of paintings. Colors used most often were brown, yellow/tan, dark red, and coal black.

Clovis People

• About 12,000 years ago• First AMERICANS• Hunted large MAMMALS such as

WOOLLY MAMMOTH• Crossed land BRIDGE from SIBERIA to

ALASKA

Key Questions

• You will answer these questions on a separate sheet of paper and will turn this into me.

• All questions must be answered in complete sentences.

• Finish the WIO once you have completed the questions.

• 1.Why was the ability to make fire so important?

• 2.How could early humans travel from Africa to Australia without a boat?

• 3.What did Cro-Magnon man paint on cave walls? Why is that important?

• 4.Why did the Neanderthals die out and not the Cro-Magnons?

• 5.What is an artifact?• 6.What is special about the Clovis people?

WIO

• What do you think was the key to success for early humans? Why?

• *Minimum of 6 Sentences*