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River Valley Civilizations – Egypt Page 1 of 12
Ancient Egypt
Use the book pages 28, 34, 73, & 85 to help find these areas.
Label the following on the map:
• Upper Egypt
• Lower Egypt
• Mt. Sinai (use symbol)
• Nile Delta
• Western Sahara Desert
• Eastern Sahara Desert
• Alexandria
• Memphis
• Thebes
• Nubia
• Kush Empire
• Nile River
• (Identify the directiontheNile flows)
• Jordan River Valley
• Red Sea
• Mediterranean Sea
• First Cataract (use ≈symbol)
Color the follow:
• All waterways – Blue
• Banks of the Nile –Green
• The Nile Delta – Green
Page 2 of 12
Vocabulary Terms List – Ancient Egypt Term Definition Drawing or Picture
Nile River
delta
cataract
Upper Egypt
Lower Egypt
Theocracy
pharaoh
Menes
pyramids
mummification
hieroglyphics
papyrus
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
Page 3 of 12
Intro to Egypt Geography
• _____________________________ – 4,100 miles long, flows northward
• Every year in July the river __________________________________________ leaving behind rich soil.
• The Nile is the _______________________ river in the ______________________!
• Forbidden Deserts on either side of the Nile = _________________________________
• ________________________________: point on the Nile River where jagged granite cliffs and
boulders turn the river into churning _____________________.
• ______________________________: a broad, marshy triangular area of land formed by deposits of
_______________________ at the mouth of the river.
Early Steps to Civilization • By ____________ B.C.E. the people of the Nile Valley were forming a _____________________ society.
• 3000 B.C.E. they developed ___________________________ writing, sacred carving in Greek.
• The Egyptians also wrote on paper made from ________________________.
Egypt Unites • In the beginning, Egypt was separated into two kingdoms:
o __________________ Egypt
o __________________ Egypt
King Menes
• Established a capital, ______________________________
• Established first Egyptian _______________________
• Unites ____________________ and ____________________ Egypt
• United lower and upper Egypt and wore a crown that symbolized its ____________________________
Pharaohs • Egyptian kings = _______________________
• The Egyptians viewed their pharaohs the same as the
_________________
o ___________________ WERE ______________________
• Stood as center of religion as well as government and army
• Type of Government = _____________________________________
Page 4 of 12
Religion • ________________________________
• 2,000 gods and goddesses
• Built huge ________________________ to honor gods
• Believed in _______________________
Egyptian gods
• __________________________: god of the _____________
• _________: sun god – would merge with ____________________ later
• ______________________: god of light
• ___________________: goddess, represented ideal mother and wife; the ________________ of Egypt
• __________________
o God of the ________________: Osiris weighed the heart of the dead person—had to be lighter
than a ____________________ (or the Devourer of Souls would pounce on the heart and eat it)
• __________________
o Anubis is the Egyptian god of _______________________ and the afterlife as well as the patron
god of lost souls and the helpless
o Met the Pharaohs at the _____________________ of the afterlife
Mummification • People of all classes planned for their burials, so that they might safely reach the _________________.
• Royal and elite Egyptians’ bodies were preserved by mummification, which involves
______________________________ and drying the corpse to prevent it from ____________________.
• Filled the tomb with items the dead person could use in the afterlife, such as ____________________,
food, cosmetics, and ______________________.
• Many Egyptians purchased ____________________ that contained hymns, _____________, and magic
spells intended to guide the soul in the afterlife. This collection of texts is known as the
________________________________________.
Trade • By 3200 BCE, ___________________________ were trading with the ___________________________
• Also traded up and down the Nile
o __________________________
o __________________________
o __________________________
o __________________________
Page 5 of 12
Social • Very different from the city-states of ___________________________
• Egypt’s united kingdom allowed
o High degree of _________________________
o _____________________________
o _____________________ continuity (staying the same)
Intellectual • Developed writing = ________________________________
o __________________________________ writing system
• Developed written numbers for recording taxes
o ________________________, _____________________________
Achievements • Knowledge in _________________________ = skillful engineers
o _____________________________
o _____________________________
• Egyptian Architects first to use _____________ columns in homes, palaces and temples
• 12 month, 365 day calendar from studying the ________________
o So accurate it was only ______________________ off from __________________ calendar year
Rosetta Stone • Written in three different languages
o _____________________
o Demotic Egyptian
o Ancient _______________________
• A French officer uncovered the Rosetta stone in Egypt in
_____________________.
• Jean Francois Champollion translated the stone in ___________________________.
Page 6 of 12
United Kingdom • In early Egypt there were two kingdoms. In 3100 B.C.E. _______________ united the two kingdoms.
• Egyptian history is divided into 4 eras;
o The _____________________ Kingdom
o the _____________________ Kingdom
o the _____________________ Kingdom
o the _____________________ Period – Talk about this later
Old Kingdom • ___________________________ BCE, The Old Kingdom, sometimes called the greatest time in
Egyptian history.
• Also called the _____________________ because the greatest pyramids were built during this period.
• The Pharaohs’ power _________________ in ________________ BCE which ended the Old Kingdom.
Middle Kingdom • 2000 B.C.E. - A strong group of _________________ united Egypt again. The Middle Kingdom ended
around ________________________ B.C.E. due to rivalries for power.
• Queen _____________________________ (1789-1786 B.C.E.), was the first confirmed _____________
ruler of Egypt
• In 1650 B.C.E. the _______________________ conquered Egypt using __________________ drawn
carts. The Hyksos ruled lower Egypt for ____________ years.
The New Kingdom • 1567 – 1085 B.C.E.
• The pharaohs used _______________________ as their capital city
• Largest and ________________________________ of the kingdoms
• The era of the ________________ pharaohs
• This is the era that King ______________________________ ruled during
Page 7 of 12
Nile RiverValley
Geography
Nile River SocialClasses
RegularFlooding
NaturalProtection
Conquered People
WORD BANK for THIS SIDE
Slaves cataract Sahara Desert
Irrigation canals non-rigid delta
Peasants and laborers transportation
Upper class harvest cycle Middle Class
Lower Class royalty and pharaohs Society
Landowners, government officials and priests
Page 8 of 12
Nile RiverValley
Rulers
Theocracy
White Crown
Polytheistic
Horus
MummificationPictograms
EarlyGeometry
WORD BANK for THIS SIDE
Pharaoh hieroglyphics number system
Upper Kingdom Lower Kingdom medicine
Afterlife pyramid 1st Egyptian dynasty
Osiris ka Ra red crown calendars
Achievements Culture papyrus
Page 9 of 12
Egypt Crossword
2 3
4 5
6
7 8
9
Across
4. a waterfall or stretch of rapids in a river7. the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another
9. a marshy region formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river
Down
1. an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds2. a tall reed that grows in the Nile delta, used by the ancient Egyptians to make a paper like material for
writing on
3. a massive structure with a rectangular base and four triangular sides, like those that were built in
Egypt as burial places for Old Kingdom pharaohs
5. a process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying
6. a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader
8. A government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure or
(a government controlled by religious leaders)
Page 10 of 12
Egypt Timeline
Find the following dates in you textbook & put them in order on a timeline. For each date you
also must include a picture of the event as well as a one-sentence explanation. The events
below are not in order .... YOU must figure out the order and place them correctly on the
timeline.
Some dates will overlap
• Creation of the pyramids
o Date _________________________
• Egyptians live in farming villages
o Date _________________________
• Old Kingdom
o Date _________________________
• Egypt comes into contact with Mesopotamia (begins trading)
o Date _________________________
• Menes unites the upper and lower kingdoms
o Date _________________________
• The Hyksos rule much of Egypt
o Date _________________________
• Middle Kingdom
o Date _________________________
• Egypt travels to Nubia and Kush to trade in search of gold, ivory, cattle
o Date _________________________
*** Do NOT glue this in your notebook***
Page 11 of 12
Egypt Timeline
5000 B.C.E. | | 3200 B.C.E. | 3100B.C.E. | 2660 2556 2180 B.C.E.| 2080 2000B.C.E. 1640|1640 1570 B.C.E.
Page 12 of 12
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