Pace IT - Common Ports and Protocols

Common ports and protocols.

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Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College

Areas of Expertise Industry Certification

PC Hardware

Network Administration

IT Project Management

Network Design

User Training

IT Troubleshooting

Qualifications Summary

Education

M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University

B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University

Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger

with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues

into efficient and effective solutions.

Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse

workforces, improving processes, analyzing

business needs and creating the solutions

required— with a focus on technology.

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– Introduction to ports and protocols.

– Some common ports and protocols.

PACE-IT.

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– Ports.» A method of specifying what protocol or service to access.

• Protocol and services use default ports so they are easy to locate.

» There are 65,536 ports available to be used for communication, but

port 0 is reserved. So, in actuality, only ports 1 to 65,535 are

available.

• The first 1024 ports are specifically assigned and are called well

known ports.

• www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers.

» They can also be thought of as phone number extensions.

• The IP address is the main number you are trying to reach.

• The port is the is the extension (service or protocol) you want to

access.

– Protocols.» Extending the telephone analogy, protocols can be thought of as

the language that the two applications on either side of the

connection agree to speak.

» Protocols translate requests into services.

» Most protocols use defined ports, but some protocols must be user

configured.


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Ports are not protocols and protocols are not ports.

Even though the two are closely associated they are

not the same. Ports are used to request (access)

services or applications. Protocols are the services or

applications that are being requested.

When a requestor seeks to connect to a specific port,

the requestor is dynamically assigned a port number

to “listen to” for the response. This also allows for

computers to have many concurrent connections.


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– FTP (File Transfer Protocol).» A standard protocol for transferring files between computing

systems.

• Assigned to port 20 and to port 21 (mostly uses port 20).

– SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol).» An encrypted version of FTP, which uses Secure Shell (SSH).

• Assigned to port 22.

– SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).» The protocol used to transfer email from a client to an email

server; it is also used to transfer email between servers.


– POP3 (Post Office Protocol v3).» The protocol used by clients to retrieve email from servers.



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– IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol).» A protocol used by clients to access email on email servers.

Allows the client to organize email on the server into folders.


– HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).» The primary protocol used to transfer data over the Internet.


– HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Secure).» The primary protocol to securely transfer data over the Internet

using SSL (Secure Socket Layer) or TLS (Transfer Layer

Security) technology. In actuality, SSL should no longer be

used.



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– DNS (Domain Name System).» The protocol that is used to map computer names to their IP

addresses (e.g., www.google.com to 74.125.28.104).


– RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol).» Used in Microsoft networks by Remote Desktop Connection

and Remote Assistance to make remote connections.


– DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol).» The protocol used within networks to automatically configure

computers with the correct IP configurations (e.g., IP address,

subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server location).

• The DHCP server is assigned to port 67.

• The requesting client listens for the response on port 68.


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– LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access

Protocol).» The protocol used for accessing and maintaining distributed

directory information services (e.g., Active Directory Domain

Services).


– SNMP (Simple Network Management

Protocol).» A protocol used to monitor and manage local area networks.


– SMB (Server Message Block).» A protocol used to transfer files over a network; the process is

transparent to the user.



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– CIFS (Common Internet File System).» A protocol used to share files across intranets (internal private

networks) and the Internet.


– SSH (Secure Shell)» A protocol used to encrypt data traffic on a network.


– Telnet.» A protocol used for remote access to systems; it is unsecure. It

is a bi-directional terminal service.



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Ports are a method of specifying what protocol or service a requestor is

seeking access to. They can be thought of as being the specific location of

that protocol or service. Protocols translate the request into a specific

service. Of the possible 65,536 ports, 1024 ports are well known (clearly

defined as to their purpose). Most protocols are automatically assigned to

ports; however, some must have their ports configured by the user.

Topic

Introduction to ports and

protocols.

Summary

FTP (20 and 21), SFTP (22), SMTP (25), POP3 (110), IMAP (143), HTTP

(80), HTTPS (443), DNS (53), RDP (3389), DHCP (67 and 68), LDAP

(389), SNMP (161), SMB (445), CIFS (3020), SSH (22), and Telnet (23).

Some common ports and

protocols.

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THANK YOU!

This workforce solution was 100 percent funded by a $3 million grant awarded by the

U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration. The solution was

created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S.

Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or

assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including

any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the

information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability

or ownership. Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training

Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53.

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