P3 Chp 17-Chuandodienthe Revise

7/24/2019 P3 Chp 17-Chuandodienthe Revise

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1Do the va Chuan do dien the

Chng 17

Phng phap phan tchda vao viec o the - PP

chuan o ien the


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Phng phap chuan o ien the

Nguyen tac

ac iem cua phng phap

ien cc Can bang chuan o

Cach xac nh iem tng ng


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Nguyen tac Thc hien s chuan o Nhung vao dd chuano ien cc co tham gia

phan ng ien hoa vimot trong nhng cau tco trong can bang chuan

o. Khao sat s bien thienthe can bang cua ien

cc theo lng thuoc ththem vao

T ng cong E =f(V), xac nh iem tngng

ien ccso sanh

Buret, C

ien ccch th

dd phantch, X


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Phng phap vi ien phan vi cng o dong trong ddthat nho hay triet tieu. Lng cau t tham gia p ienhoa rat nho so vi lng tham gia p chuan o

Can chon ien cc thch hp vi loai can bang chuano

u iem so vi pp hoa hoc

- o nhay cao, co the en 105 M- Chuan o c dung dch co mau

- Chuan o khong can chat ch th

ac iem cua phng phap


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6/37


ien cc kim loai

- S o ien cc

- P ien cc

+ nn AMhayMM //

+ ++ MAAMMneM nnn ,

][1lg059,0

][lg

059,0

]lg[059,0

0/

0

/

0

/

+

++

+=

+=

+=

nMMA

nMA

MnM

n

MnMcb

AnE

A

T

nE

Mn

EE

][

1lg

1

059,0

]lg[1

059,0

0/

0

/

++

+

+=

+=

ClEEhay

AgEE

AgeAg

AgAgClcb

AgAgcb

-Th du: /c Ag


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ien cc kim loai tr

ien cc kim loai tr ong vai tro trao oie- vi cau t oxy hoa hay kh trong dd

- S o ien cc- P ien cc

- /c tr thong dung: /c Pt, Au, C

KhOxPt ,/

KhneOx +

][

][lg059,00 /Kh

Ox

nEE KhOxcb +=

++ 23 // eePt

][

][lg

1

059,02

30

2/3

23

+

+

++

++

+=

+

Fe

FeEE

FeeFe

FeFecb

-Th du: /c


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-Nhung ien cc vao dd khaosat nong o H+

- Hai ben be mat mang thuytinh tiep xuc vi H+ co phanng trao oi

- Hai mat lp thuy tinh tao hailp gel Acid silicic do s hiendien cua H+ trong thuy tinh, lp

nay day khoang 104 10-5 mm

Cautruccua

ienccthuytinh

Glass membrane (64% SiO 2,

28% Na2O, 8% MgO) (0,06 0,10mm)

H+

(a2 const)

Ag

AgCl

H+(a1)

ien cc thuy tinh (glass

pH electrode)

++++ ++ ddttttdd NaHNaH


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'

1

111 lg

1

059,0

a

aKe +=

'2

2

22 lg1

059,0

a

a

Ke +=

21 eeE =

2

121 lg

1

059,0

a

aeeE ==

pHKaKE 059,0lg059,0 1 =+=

Goi e1va e2la ien the lpgel mat ngoai va ien the lp gel mat trong

Hieu the mang qua lp thuytinh

Gia s hien tng trao oi

xay ra hai mat thuy tinhgan giong nhau

2121

''; aaKK

Vi a2la hang so

ien cc thuy tinh

a1 a1 a2 a2

Lp gel tren matngoai thuy tinh

Lp gel trenmat trongthuy tinh

Lp thuy tinh kho (0,1 mm)


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ien cc mang (Ion selective electrode)

ien cc mang ran

ien cc mang long


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Cau tao chung Kim loai c phu mothp chat kho tan cua kim loai, nhung vaotrong dd cha anion cua hp chat kho tanco nong o xac nh

ien cc so sanh (reference Electrode)

-S o ien cc

- P ien cc

]/[, nAMAM

][

1lg

059,00/ +=

nMMAcb AnEE

++ nMneMA Cautruc

cuaienccsosanh


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Silver/Silver Chloride Electrodes

S o ien cc Ag/AgCl

Ag, AgCl/KCl (xM)//

]/[, ClAgClAg

vEMClvEMCl

290,01,0][237,01][

==

==


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/c Calomel Kim loai Hg c phu muoi Hg2Cl2nhung vao dd Cl- co nong o xac nh

]/[, 22 ClClHgHg

]lg[059,0

][

1lg

2

059,0

0

2/22

2

0

2/22

=

+=

ClE

ClEE

HgClHg

HgClHgcb

-S o ien cc

- P ien cc

ien cc Calomel

++ ClHgeClHg 22222


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Saturated Calomel

Electrode

Calomel bao hoa (S.C.E Satured CalomelElectrode) vi dd KCl baohoa, E = 0,244 v 250C

Calomel nguyen chuan(N.C.E Normal CalomelElectrode) vi dd [KCl] =1M, E = 0,284 v 25 0C


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Standard hydrogen electrode SHE

S o ien cc Hydro chuan


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][

1lg

1

059,00/ +=

ClEE

AgAgCl

ien cc so sanh

ien cc ch th

/c Clorua Bac

]/[, ClAgClAg

ien cc ghep (combination electrode)

pHKaKE 059,0lg059,0 1 =+=/c thuy tinh

ien cc so sanhien cc thuy tinh

ien cc ghep


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ien cc ghep

S oienccghep

(ienccthuy

tinh)


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Cac loai can bang trong chuan o ien the

Can bang Acid Baz

Can bang tao tua Can bang Oxy hoa kh

Can bang tao phc


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Can bang Acid-Baz-Chon ien ccthch hp

- Phan ng chuano

-Ve ng congchuan o thcnghiem pH = f (V).T o nh iemtng ng

ien cc chth (ien ccthuy tinh)

Buret, H+

ien cc sosanh

(Ag, AgCl/Cl-

) dd phantch, OH-

059,0

059,0

059,0

do

sosanh

sosanhchithido

EpHhay

pH

EpHK

EEE

=

=

==

OHOHH 2+ +


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Can bang tao tua

- Chon ien cc thch hp

- Phan ng chuan o

- Phan ng ien cc

- Ve ng cong chuan o thc nghiem E

= f (V). T o nh iem tng ng

Buret,Ag+

ien cc ch th(/c Ag kimloai)

ien cc sosanh(Ag, AgCl/Cl-)

dd phan tch,Cl-

+ + AgClClAg

+ AgeAg


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Can bang tao tua Buret,Ag+ien cc ch th(/c Ag kimloai)


dd phan tch,Cl-

sosanhchithido EEE =

][

lg059,0

]lg[059,0

0

/

0

/

+

+

+

+=

+=

Cl

TE

AgEE

AgCl

AgAg

AgAgchithi

AgCl

AgAg

chithi TEE lg059,00

/

+= +

Tai iem tng ng


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24/37


Can bang tao tua Th du

AgBrAgAgchithi TEE lg059,00

/+= +

Tai iem tng ng (1)

AgClAgAg

chithi TEE lg059,00

/+= +

Tai iem tng ng (2)

vT

T

TT

EEE

AgBr

AgCl

AgBrAgCl

077,0)lg(2

059,0

)lg(lg059,0

12

==

=

=

8,6

1

2

1

2 102,0)lg(2

059,0

T

Thay

T

T

Muon nh chnh xac tngiem tng ng E 0,2



25/37


Can bang oxy hoa kh

- Th du: Chuan o Ox2bang Kh1

- Phan ng chuan o

- Phan ng ien cc

Buret,Ox2

ien cc chth(ien cc Pt)

ien cc sosanh

(Ag, AgCl/Cl-

)

dd phan tch,Kh1


1212 OxKhKhOx ++


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Can bang oxy hoa kh

Tai iem tng ng][

][

lg

059,0

1

1

1

0

1/1 Kh

Ox

nEE KhOxchithi +=

][

][lg

059,0

2

2

2

0

2/2 Kh

Ox

nEE KhOxchithi +=

21

022

011

nnEnEnEchithi

++=

Trc iem tng ng: Ox1/Kh1; Kh2

Sau iem tng ng: Ox2

/Kh2

; Ox1


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Can bang tao phc- Th du: Chuan o kim loai M bang EDTA

- ien cc: Ch th : Hg; So sanh: Calomel

- Phan ng chuan o

- Phan ng ien cc

]lg[

2

059,0 20

/2

++ += HgEE

HgHgchithi


)][

][lg(

2

059,0)][

][lg(

2

059,00/2 MY

MA

MY

MKEE

HgHgchithi +=+= +

]][[

][,)1(

YM

MYMYYM MY =+

+ 22 HgeHg


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Can bang tao phc

8,21

42

2

422

10]][[

][,)2(

==

+

+

+

YHg

HgYYHgHgY

HgY

Ngay t au chuan o, them mot lng xac nh dd [HgY2- ]vao dd khao sat

Khi them Y vao, Y tham gia ong thi 2 can bang (1) va (2)

][

][][

][

][][

][

][

][

2

2

4

22

MY

MHgY

MY

MHgY

Y

HgY

Hg

MYHgY

MY

HgYHgY

=

==

+


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Cach xac nh iem tng ngThdu:



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mlVtd 34,24590440

44010,030,24 =

++=

mlVtd 34,24

590440

59010,040,24 =

+

=

mVEtd 268590440

44083233 =+

+=



33/37



mlVtd 34,24590440

44010,030,24 =

++=

mlVtd 34,24

590440

59010,040,24 =

+

=

mVEtd 268590440

44083233 =+

+=

0



34/37


Phan ng chuan o

-Ve ng congchuan o thcnghiem pH = f (V).T o nh iem

tng ng

ien cc ch th(/c thuy tinh)

Buret, H+


dd phan

tch, OH-

059,0

059,0

059,0

do

sosanh

sosanhchithido

EpHhay

pH

EpHK

EEE

=

=

=

=

OHOHH 2+ +


Thdu: nh o kiem cua mau nc


35/37


Cach xac nh iem tng ngThdu: 40 mL nc kiem c chuan o bang dd HCl 0,100 N theo pp ct

V HCl

0,00

5,0010,00

12,30

12,40

12,50

12,6012,70

20,00

30,00

30,1030,20

30,30

30,40

35,0040,00

pH

10,669

10,1728,520

8,487

8,370

8,250

8,1358,032

6,478

4,382

4,1463,859

3,611

3,430

2,1901,910

pH/ V

-0,117

- 0,120

- 0,115- 0,103

- 0,236- 0,287

- 0,248

- 0,181

- 0,003

+ 0,005

+ 0,012

- 0,051+ 0,039

+ 0,076

2pH/ 2 V

mLVtd

44,12008,0

003,010.040,12

1

=+=

mLVtd 16,30090,0

051,0

10.010,302 =+=

Phng phap noi suy


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ng dung cua pp o the o trc tiep pH hay E

cua dd

Chuan o ien the nh nhng hang so can

bang

ng dung Xac nh hang so can bang


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ng dung Xac nh hang so can bang

Hang so phan ly cua acid yeu Pt ,H2/[HA]0= 0,1 M, [NaA]0= 0,1 M // S.C.E

Hang so ben cua phc

Cu/[Cu2+ ]0= 10-4 M, [Y4-]0= 10-2 M // S.C.E

Tch so tan cua tua

Cu/[Na 2S]0= 0,1 M // S.C.E

T = [Cu+ ]2[S2-]

][

]][[

HA

AHKHA

+

=

]][[

][42 +

=YCu

CuYCuY

HA

AHA

C

CpKpH

+= lg

P3 Chp 17-Chuandodienthe Revise

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