p2 presentation, sara mehryar

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Can Tehran work as a Global city?investigation in different scenarios which can make more economic integeration in the city and global scale

Sara Mehryar4120620

Complex Cities Graduation StudioMSc Urbanism; Faculty of Architecture;

TU DelftThesis Plan and Report of Thesis

Jan 2012

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Can Tehran work as a Global city?investigation in different scenarios which can make more economic integera-

tion in the city and global scaleSara Mehryar

Mentors: Prof. Stephen Read, Azadeh Mashayekhi

Master in Urbanism- Thesis PlanJan 2012

3 Context of global network; history of conceptual developement of networks

Friedmann (1995) Map by auther Source: Wall. 2009

Beaverstock et al (1999) Map by Autor Source: Wall,2009

Taylor et al (2005) Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009

Wall/v.d. Knaap (2008) Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009

Carroll (2007) Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009

Aldeson/Beckfield (2004) Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009

1995: Friedmann derived an empirical ranking of ‘world cities’ based on indicators such as multinational headquar-ters, international finance and global transportation

1999: Beaverstock et al. introduced alpha, beta and gamma roster of world cities, which relates to Sassen’s work

2004; Alderson and Beckfield consider the global network not only among the powerful world cities, but also many incoming ones from less powerful cities.

2007: Carrollconsider the managerial structures of firms instead of the hareholding relations between them.

4 Context of global networks

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Netscape, Cities and Global Corporate Networks

GIS map of top 100 global multinational headquarters and their subsidiary networks. Source: Wall/v.d. Knaap, 2009.

Figure 23

CHAPTER 4

5 Black Holes of MENA

Fig 25Black holes between the World citiesSource: Auther

Countries of Black Holes

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TEBG

BT

IS

TUAG

AMCA

JD MM AB

DU

MU

7 Context of global networks, Islamic globalization

Fig (16)Important MENA citiesMap by Auther

Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, GCC, 2009

Geographical distribution ofreported sharia assets, non-MENA

Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, non-GCC MENA , 2009

Percentage of Global Islamic Fi-nanace provided by Iran in 2009

35.6%

8 Context of globalization; IFS

Fig 19 Islamic Financial GrowthHistorySource: The Banker, 2011

DJIA: Industrial AverageIt is an index that shows how 30 large, pub-licly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market

Fig 22 Total Shariah CompliantAssets by Country, 2011Source: The Banker, 2011

9 Connectivity

Fig 23Major intercity relations in the IFS city networkSource Bassen et al. 2007

Connectivity of 27 top ranked IFS cities. The strongest relation between iran-dubai and Iran-LondonThe first three top-ranked cities in the IFS city network in terms of total connectivity, site service statues and number of head offices are: Manama, Tehran and London.

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DU

Par

Fra

Ham

Arl

Mos

Vien

MadRom

Bak

TashBeij

KarDH

KW

MM

KL

Tok

Ams

JD

LN

DU

Par

Fra

Ham

Arl

Mos

Vien

MadRom

Bak

TashBeij

KarDH

KW

MM

KL

Tok

Ams

JD

LN

Fig 24Airline travel by IranianSource: Auther, data by Airline airport company

DUBAI

SHARJAH

LONDON

Air Travels by Iranian

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18% of the country’s population44% of financial services48% of high ranking officials34% of clerical workers, etc.30% of the country’s employment in manufacturing industry24% of water, electricity, andgas consumptio29% of wholesale, retail, restaurants and hotels

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Fig (53)Historic structure of city; central-ity with a coreSource: Tehran master plan; 2007

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High land value centres

Historical Analysis; Land priceFig 46Frontal land prices on first thirty metres of Khiaban, 1959Map by AuthorSource: Bahrambeygui, 1959

Fig 47Frontal land prices on first twenty five metres of Khiaban, 1971Map by AuthorSource: Bahrambeygui, 1977

diameters show the amount of value for street frontage

shows how distribution of different ur-ban functions with various uses is affect-ed by land values and also land values are affected by distribution of high and low quality functions.

Comparison of these two maps shows the rapid growth of land value and high quality functions movement to the north

1971 shows two new centres of high land value which add a new commercial statues to Tehran.

23 Introduction, from decentralization to linear centrality

Fig (5)First Master plan of Tehran, 1966Source: Mashayekhi, 2009

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The idea of eliminating bazaar and move it to the out of central area both previous plannings of the city.

«Shahestane Pahlavi»: proposal of a huge CBD in 554 hectar vacand lands of the north in first master plan of Tehran.

An idealistic modern and western kind of planning for future of metropolitan of Tehran.

Followed by another mega project of eco-park of tehran in the west of CBD

New CBD proposal

25 First master plan, Shahestan Pahlavi Project

26 Pardisan Environmental Park

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Fig (6)Second Master plan of Tehran, 1991Map by Author

29 Future Strategy; aims of Tehran Master Plan

Fig (7)Last Master plan of Tehran, 2006Map by Author

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Media Centre

Recreational commercial Centre

Creative Centre

Historical Commercial Centre

World Trade Centre

Historical Religious Centre

International scale nodes

Socio-cultural Centre

Fig (56)Seven international centres in Tehran mater planSource: Auther; data from master plan 2006

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International scale nodes

City scale nodes

Fig (57)Centralities outside of main core with sity scale functionSource: Auther; data from master plan 2007

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International scale nodes

City scale nodes

Neighbourhood scale nodesFig (58)40 centralities distributed in the city for neigbourhood scale functionSource: Auther, data from Master plan 2007

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media centre

promenade centre

social internationalcentre

world trade centre

historic religiouscentre

historic commercialcentre

shahre rey

Toghrol tower

cheshme alimilitary empty land

train station

industrialarea

Bazaar

Baghe melli Toopkhane

Baharestan

islamic culture and communicationorganisation

IRIB

internationalfair

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Historic BazaarNational airport

International airport

Train lineMetro line

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Distribution of activities in the center

commercialindustryservicestransportation servicesgreenagriculture

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urban decay

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shopping centre

bankembassy

hoteluniversity

sport

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universitysportpoliticalculturalembassy

international airport

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[109]c h a p t e r 0 4

Land Price Analysis

Tehran, population density, 2006Source: Tehran Atlas

Tehran, Land Prices, 2006Source: Tehran Atlas

Density and land price, ParisSource: Bertaud, 2003

Density and Land Price, TehranSource: Bertaud, 2003

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Distribution of administration function

Distribution of commercial function

Destination of job trips in the city

Destination of shopping trips in the city

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military

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saving lands

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urban decay

saving lands

military

industrial

46 Next Steps ...

AgricultureIndustrialTownBuilding areasPublic buildingsLakeEntrance corridorstorage

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AgricultureIndustrialTownBuilding areasPublic buildingsLakeEntrance corridorstorage

Exhibition centre

Renovation of South religious centre

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AgricultureIndustrialTownBuilding areasPublic buildingsLakeEntrance corridorstorage

Exhibition centre

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Train stationNational airport

International airport

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AgricultureIndustrialTownBuilding areasPublic buildingsLakeEntrance corridorstorage

Historic BazaarNational airport

International airportAgricultureIndustrialTownBuilding areasPublic buildingsLakeEntrance corridorstorage

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Air port

Tajrish

Bazaar

East

West

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Historic BazaarNational airport

International airport

58 Tending to Globalization

1920 1930 1939 1951 196019631962

1971 1980 1988 1997 20052008

2010

?

Spread of Anti-Imperialism

Ideology

Paradox of the People andthe Government

Networks of the citiesBranches of globalisation

Colonization, Americanization andWesternization

Tending to beingglobalized

Nationalization of oil industry

Economic crisis

White revolutionNew movement against the regime

Increase of oil priceRevolution and start of War

End of Iran-Iraq War Reform

Movement

Sanction Increase

Record of Oil price

New president with the idea of growing nuclear power

Bank Melli, 1934First bank in Iran

Tehran university, 1934

Hejab prohibition law, 1935

Tehran conference with Russia, 1943

Western and moderm plans which has never implemented

Shahestane Pahlavi CBD

Eco park, 1970

Oil Nationalization, 1951

White revolution, 196215 khordad movement, 1963

Capitulation, 1960

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Conclusion

- Iran has geopolitical situation in the region- In IFS system Iran is one of the main powers and its connection to the world

economic institutions is one of the biggest.- Tehran is one of the earliest city which shifted from tradition to Modernity, its

peole, culture and even city planning have been always - toward being more modern and be related to the global network.

BUT

- Tehran has witnessed increasing sanctions during the recent years.- Its impermanent and changeable political situation make it hard to predict the future of the city, since many of previous planning -became inutile because of the

political and ideological changes.

Future spatial strategic planning of Tehran needs to be flexible enough to be able to survive itself even in worst situation.

60 Future Strategy; Different senarios

Different Scenario

- If Tehran is going to be closer with more sanction and limitations

- If the political situation of Tehran is going to be changed and the same as before it is going to use its high potentialities in getting more connected to global network

Conclusion: A gradually planning which prepare the ground for future big aims will be needed to be able to answer two different situations

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Develope the South . . . . . . . Future world trade centre

Thank you

Questions?