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KPAJ KIVl Yl1E5HV1Kb
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KO'rop1i1e no cupanep;JUIBOCTJI naa&IBaIOTCH c JI an n }( c K II 1tt II a II 0 c TOJI a M rr. Orm 6wrn po,?J;OM'.b rpeKH H3'h .lraKeJI;OHCKaro· ropop;a CoJ1pu1. Bn :noii CTpaH'h MHoro OLIJIO cJianmc'l>, no:no11:y 6paTMI C'l> µ;hTCTBa a11aJ1H c;1anmrc1cill naLIIc'l>. Nan."b p;•km 11a>1maro carroBIIUJ{:l., 1\upmr.'17> II )Ieoop;ifI IlOJIY'filJIH OTJIH1III08 o6paaonaH.ie II .'lCl'KO .MOr.m )l.OCTllrrryTJ> llhlCOICaro IlOJIOilteHin ua CJIYjJtQ'l>, HO OTMJaJHICb OT'.b MipcitRX'l> noqecreii. OHH uao6p·hJIH CJiaBHHCn)"'IO aa6yxy, rrcpcuemr m.1. CJiamrucKiU: n:m1c'!i cna.H1•eJrie H 6oroc11ym.e6HhlR 1rnnra lI Ha1m.rn pacc1pocTpamrr1>xpnc1iancrno it cJia1umc1we 6oroc.Tiy;Kenic cpe)I.H .lrnpauon'Ii (n'L 862 r.). Ilponon·tJJ.b cu. 6par&enn 6r,ura necI>111a yetl'l>mna; 01m rtpecTHJIU MIIoro irapoµ;y, H Meoo.n;irr Haa11a'!8H'l> 6:&IJI'L ,,ropa.ucrcmr.n errac1cono111·1>. Hno~ r ;d;;~crniu JianmCJcoe ,Jryxoneucrno pacnpocTpamrno n·r, Mopauia 1saToJI wrnc·rno C'L 6oroc;1y:llrn1rieAY'l> Ha Jia<rnnmrnM'D n31,m·t; no CJiarumcrcoe 601·ocJiy11~enie 0Ron11a•reJ1&no y•rncpp;n.Jiocr. B'Ii BoJTrapiu (Ha ,U,y.u;a·:h)>ornyp,a npomnmo H n1, Poccim.
Jr Ol'tfHSI CJIODa eBarrreJii.H ,,6JTaiKCHJI IITHJIOCTHDin", B.TJaJJ;IDYIIp'b BeJii>.11> l1C!IROMY mnneMy H y6oro:My npHXOjl,HTL R'L rreMy Ila .:i;nop'L ll 6paTL 11rc Hyj1moe H3'L 1mm1wc1mx'L aanacoB'L. a )J.JI.H uOJJhllhlX'b n ~IJilllHX'L
uuma H IIHTLe paan03HJIHCL no ropo,11;y na TeJitra.x'L. Bcirnoc nocKpecc11Jic OII'b ycTpa1rna.JI'L n·o cnoe:M'L ,n;nopu,1:; nnphl ,rr,JUr )l.py.;1nrnhl H na
Tmmoii 1.I,epKBH BoropO,ll.HIJ,bJ. ropoRO IIJia1rn.1n no neM'h n 6onpe H na.po,ll.1,, 1rn1.;1, 110 cnoer.r'b aant;HTHHR'li n ROp11rnJJ r,n.·h. II panoc.irnana.n
i~epROBI> rrpHrrna BJia,n;mmpa R'b Jarny CBflTT1IX'L H uaana;ra ero Pa Bu o
a 11 o c T o JI I> H 1.1 M 'h, a B'L uapo,n:n1>IX'.b ntcJI~X'I> u c1taa1cax'L OH'L JI.O CHX'I> HOJl'b BCJJH'laeTCff UO/l,'L JHtreJ-JC]'l['b JJ a c I• 0 11ar0 R II n 3 H H 1\ p a c H a r o C o ;,1 11 LJ Ill K a.
p03}1.UJJ'h Jl'b yirpaBJieHic CBOHl\!'L ChlUOBbSBl'L pa.:nrne ropo}l,a, no KOTOpI,Llll'L OTIH JI pa31>'LXUJJilCb; OH'L 110CTOJ1Hll0 )l;Cp)Ka.TJ'h 11pH ce6·h ·rO.JJbT{O ;uo6n1111.1,H. cnoero Bop n ca H neaa}l.OJil'O )l,O c11rep·1·H noCJia.n'L ero C'L
cnoc10 APYJR1uro10 u 1dcncmrn'I> BOHCK01w1> npoTHB'D neqen·J.;ron'b. Ilo IiaK'L TOJII>IW HC C'l'3Jl0 Hna.n.1urnpa, CTa.pm:Hi CbII11l ero c Ba T 0 11 0 JI K 'L, 1nrna1> TyponcKii:i, 11pHcnar.:a.11·b n'b Hi em, n 3aIHI.TJ'h O'rl~onc1dit rrpeCTOJI'b.
Eop11C'I> B'b aTo npellrn nosnpau~a;rcsr c'J, noxo,11,a n ropLI\O 'aan;ram1.11'b, y;ma.B'b o c11repTH OTII,a. ,11,p)'lRHHa cra.TJa ron·hrona:rr, e111y nsrnaTL Cn.H
TOnoJma. "He no,11,nMllIY PYI•H na cTaprnaro 6pa·ra", r1maa.n'L Oll'b II OTuyrTBJI'b nee 1.io11c1rn, a ca111'I:i ocraJJcn Ha 6e1rnry p·h1m AJJLTJ,1 TOJibKO C'h 1rn60JILnnrn·b 1nH>.l! 0111'b cnoux'L c.11yl"h. OJJ,na1co CnaTono:m·» ona
ca;rca Bopuca, noTouy •no ero o•IeHb JIJ06HJ1'L na pO,ii,'b, n uo.n:oc.na.~'I· R'b neMy y6Hir.J,'h. Iloc.nam1@e up11ru.1rn K'I:> ero maTpy HOlJI>IO II J<:.'11>1-IIHIJIH, TITO OTl'b MO.JTII'l'CSI. 0HH }I.O.il\}I.aJIHCb, IlOI\a Kll33b, no~IOJIIJBIDHCL,
Jiel''L B'L IlOCTeJlb, H TOT')f,3 6pOCllJIHC.b Ha. rnaTcp1, If npOH3MJJH IWTI])j]llfH Bopnca. n oc,;d; :noro Cnm'OIIOJmy y;r,aJIOCL YOHTL eru.e I'JJ•l;oa, 11 Oll'L ,11,~' Ma.Jl'I> JJIW O}I.HII-L INrnJKHT:O B'b PycCI\OJ[ 3C~IJlt, HO CROpO OLU'b HO
Ci'hm,1f,eR'L opaTOlll'l> CBOHl\f'I> .Hp 0 C .1 a D 0 lI '.b, RJUf3CM'L llODrOpO.ll;CKUlll'L. C'nnTono.nK1,, BC'lrnn no1nm}1'Iiii:'r, 6fa1rn.TJ'L K nponaJI'h 6ea'h H'l;c·rn. HapOJl1, npoanaJI'L cro 0 I\ a a H H hU[ 'L, a JOUTLIX'L lUf'L BopHca H rJrt6a.
l'CpRODh npu•via. K'L JIHKY CBllTblX'L.
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Hpocnae'h My APbli . llo6tJI.HD'b cm1p·Imaro CanTonomca, .a p o c JI :i. n 'L
Ilo "p y cc Ro ii II p an }I. ·J;" CJ.J;'.b npou3BO.JJ.HJI'b caM'b KHSJSb H.in ero TiJHLI (cy;.i;Iin). 3a. y6itiCTBO IlOSBOJUIJIOCb cnatJaJia 6JIB3RBM'L pO)l.
BsrnaHie n pa3rpa6Jieuie. EcJrn He 6IiIJIO ,n;oRaaaTeJibCTD'I> npecTJnJ1eai.n, TO o6BIIITI!TC.'JI> lI OORIIlUie!l1iIH IIO)l;Depra.urcr. ncnLlTailiIO .)JtCJl'B301tt'h BJIH BO,ll,OIO; 1morjl,a ,11;1>J10 p·lJma.Jiocb ,,110Jie11:1'1>", mm uoe,Jr.mIKOM'l>. RpoM'h Toro, 113'1> ,, PyccrwiJ IJ pan,JJ;hl" nu,n;no, Ralde oI:JJill D'b )l;penneii PycH uacc'Ll Bacc.11C'Hin. Jlcpuoe 1'rLcTo no :maqeniro sa11mrnJ1a .ir.i:iymnna.,
KHR3b. PyccKii1 APY>KHHKHKl..
-9-
.HJIH CJIJ,KHJIOe COCJIODie. Ona COCTOR'Jia Il3'b CTaplilllX'b H MJI3.)l.UIHX'L "lJieHOB'b. CTapUii.e, HJio: 6 on. p e, 6bLur costTrnIKalrn mm3H, a M.11a,iJ.Illie, 1!.JllI 0 T p 0 K H, COCTaB.1$1.lU J:.:11.Hi&eCKOC DOilCJ:.:0 II ynorpc6,rnJIUCL Ha HH3111ill )l.O .. lntlIO(;Tll. ,U:py;1mHHHim 110.JIYlf3.illi OT'L n!Ul3H 33. CBOIO CJ1y;It6y ~eHeiKHOC ;i.a.rnaaIIbe n 3C)[C.i1hHhle yqacnm. Cao6o;r,Hhle :,m1•rc.m ropo;r,on'h H CC.l'b Ha3bll3a.11IC.L JI IO .'I. b ::u: 11 (B'b eAHHCTB. •IHC.il'S JIIO,il.llll'b)j OH11 m1aTHJilf 1UUl3IO ,11;3.Ilb, OT6I:.JBaJIII pa3IlhlH IIOBHIIIIO(;TlI u BO npem1 BOKHhl BLICTaRJI.HJIH: OllOJl'lCIUC. liccso60,!l;HDili: KJiaCC'b naCC.lCllifl coCTaBJIS[Jill x 0 JI 0 n hT, l!J1II pa6LI.
HpoCJiaB'L, no,1rrnnmrn rrpo3naHie :My l!. par o, 6LJJI'L o.rr.umt'h HS'I> Morym.ecTBeHH'hiimux'b rocy.rr.apeil: Toro npeMellll 11 co Mnormm II3'b IIllX'I> naxo~1rn:c11 B'b po.rr.cTB'B 1
CTPOrOM'h nop;nmr\.mnd JlIOJ!.lI n (jTa.IIH upHxo;:i;u·r:& n aeMy. AHToHiii: uc·l>x'b npIIHIDiaJI'.b n nocTpura.1'1>, H cKopo 6paTin co6panoc:r:. y Hero 12 1IeJIOBi>K'b. 0HH HCltORa.JJH ce6t 6oJLbnryIO rremepy E ycTpOWIH B':&
Heit :a;cpKOBb n EeJriH. Tor,11.a CB. AnToHiB: nocTaBHJI'b nry~teHOM'b HapJI a a lI a, a lf.JIH ce6H HCK01Ia.11'b HOByIO nem.epy, B'b KOTOpott IIpO)Eml'b em.e MHOro Jitn., mrRJAa He DbIXO~. llpe3'b JdiCKOJibKO BpeM:eHH KHH3b lfanc.11as'L oT,n;a.1'.b 6paTin Bero ropy Ba)('b nerncpa1rn. llryMeB'I> II RHOKEl llOCTpOILlH Ha Hett .n;epenmmy10 :a;epKOBb DO mm y cneuisr IlpeCB.IITOti Boropo.IJ;U:U.LI, nocTann.m :amoro KeJ1iii, 06ncc.in1 nee 3a6opOM'.b n TaKirnl.
-0opa30:\I'b o·mphTJUI II c 11epc1d ii ·ll o 1-1 a c T hl p » (a'.b 1062 r.). Cn. e e 0 )I; 0 c iii O,'I,Hlll\l'b u:n neptHUX'b upnwCJI'.b I~'b AHTOHiIO.
0H'b pop;iIJicsi D'I> ropo,'I,·l; BacHJre1rh 6JIH3'L Ricna, no (;Doe oTpoqecrRo nponcJI'h B'.b Rypci.;·J;, r<yAa nepeceJIHJIUCI> ero po)l.u'l'c.m. lli .ir.·.l>TcTna OH':& OTJllPJa..1cn 60JiblllOIO ua60jJmOCTbIO. ;uouml'I. CJI)'ln3.Tb B'b u.epKnlI 1ITCl:Iie 60JKCCTDCllHblX:» KHHr'b H 1IY*.l!;a.1Cll ,i\'liTCRIIX'L nrp'b co csepCT-
'lTO ,11;Ja1TeJ1 1>11wii nryMCH'l> 1m•111;1'l> CTJ>OHTb Go.1i.m)'IO I\tUICHn)'10 u,epxonr.. HO HMSI Y cncnisr Boropo,11.nuDT. Ho om:. nc )'Ctl'l;JJ 'I:. ce 01w11lJHTh: CH.'11.il yJKe na•iaim n311dm.HTL e111y. IIoTryncTnonan'L upu6.1m1ic11ic c~eprn, OeoJl.OCifc Tpora'l'CJlblCO npOCTHJJCJI C'L opaTiefi Ji 3anOll'fl,ll.aJI'L IlOXOJJOHIITh cro n'I> roii caaiott nelll,ep·h, K}';J;a OH1> 06Lnmonc1mo yp;a.'lll JI<'SJ no npc11m neJIHI\al'O IIOC"l'a.
l\ieno-He•rcpcxrn iltOHaC'rnpi,, noJiy'lnnmiH B'h Xll n. Jiamceuona1tic .1 a B p w, D'.b TCtrenic ,n;oJJraro npeMerm C.il)' jjm.n, o6pa3UOJU'b )l;JJH:
nctx'L AP)'rHx'L Monacr@pclr n 11moro ;i;a;1'L Pyccxoii 3CM.TJ'h 3mD1c1-m·rh1X'J, nponon·h)l.HHROB'b, enHcKonoB'.b n ;rl;rro1111c11,en'b.
V. BJI8,II,HMVtp'l> MOBOMaX'I>.
HKR1t1ecKiR yco6Ml(bl Ha PycM. lipeJI.'b c~1epTh10 Ilpoc.TJaB'b Aly,tphlit paaj1,'l>JI11.JI1> PyccKyIO 3e~1.110 ~1e;",lY cnomrn ClllROn1>n11m. iKe.rian npeJJ.oTnpaTHTI> llteJR,!,Y mnm pa3,ll.OpI>I, om, ;i.a.l'L llllt'b raKoe 3an·.hm,aaie: ,,,11.tTH MOH, JI\IlDllTC ll'b .1106nn MeJit,:i;y co6010, ULI 6paTI>H OTL O,J,Roro OT11,a n MaTepH. By)l.c'rc ;imrh 11mpao n ;n:py;rmo, TO H Bon na111'1> rroMOilCCTI> H 1101\0PH'rl> IlOi\'L namy PYI{Y Bparom,; C('JJII jKe craueTe CCO• pIIT1,cn, TO u ca111n norn611c·rc n rrory6nre 3CJ11.TJ10 OTIJ.OR'h H ;11:h11;on'l> JHWJHX'h, I\OTOPJIO 01111 ;n:o6hIJJH 'fP)'Jl.Ollf'b neJI Jll(Jjl\J'L • ./l\111.1HTC .)l\C mipHO, CJJJmai1Te AP)'l''I> JI.pyra. 1ioT'I> rrocJit cc6n 11opJYa10 n mencKiic cTOJI'L CTaplllCMY MOCMY Corny II nameMy opaTy Il:-rneJJany; CJJJlllaiiTC ero, xaK1> 6hl Memc ca~roro; 0111:. 3a~drnm."h naw1> .Moe M'l>cTo". C'l> 3TOl'O npe~rcmr Pyccr\aH 3c11t.rn pacna.iac1> Ha nfa'ROJJLKO o·r,n:J;JJr:.mi1x1> no-JJ o c Te it: EO'l'opt.rnH ynpan.TJSl.TIH oco6Me KJUtaMr. BC'l> :>TH KHH3I>R JI;OJJJi\Hbl 01>1J111 IIOP,tJl!TIJITbCSJ TdeDCI\O.llY KHH3IO, KaI\1> crapwel\ty B'l> po11:h, ROTOpt..111: IlO:JTOM y 11U3hlBa.1cH Be JI JI KR M 'J, K }[ H 3 e M ']).
JJ.PYJKHHOIO, cy,11;m1'L JIIOJI.eti u 'B3JI.H.1l'L Ha oxoTy. HapOJI.'L nno.rrH·h on;·JiHHJI'b aacJiyrH µ;o6JieCTHaro RHH3H H IlHTaJI'L IC'L He11ry ca~rym CiiJil>HYIO npl'IBH3aHHOCTI>, a BH3aHTiHCKiH mmepa'l'Op'.& n:pHCJiaJI'I> eMy j1,paron;·Ima1.rfr nirne~ H 6apM:bI, npmra,n;.rremanmisr ero .irh~y J{oHc-ranTHHf MoHOMaxy. 3TH n;apcn:ie ana1ur µ;o cnx'D rrop'L xpanHTcn B'L Opyamiluoii naJiaTt D'L Mocrmt. -
VI. AH.u;pe:K BorOJIIOOCKiH.
Cya.a.anbCHaR aeMnR. Dc&opi> rrocJrh CJl[epnr flJlalf,mmpa. iVIono~rnxa. xmrnrecKiH yco6m:i;lll: H rroJiosen.rde Ha6·J;m oun·rn noao6nonHmrnr,. Il'L BTO npe?tfH CTaJJa fl03BhIIJlaTJ>CH c y 3 )J. a JI h c IC all 3 e ~[JI H, pacnO.iIO
meHH3JI no nepxr-ie~lY Tetteairo no,11·11. ::ho Oh!Jla CTp:ma <H;JI,nan, xoJIO)l;HaJI, IIOKpnITan ,rr.peMyqHMJI Jl'BCamr II GO.IIOTamL ,l.I.pc111d;ii1111D111 Cf[ o6HTaTeJIJU111 6wm <fl H lI H hl, HO BeCb)[a pano_ TIOH Brl.11 IICh 311,'HCb u p y cc Kie. Oco6emro riruoro HX'f> rrepeceJIMJlOCL II3'J, 10;1moi1 Pyc11, HaH6oJd;e cTpaJI.aBrnefc 1mwL on cnoHX'L n:mrneii:, 6eanpcc11amrn Boenanurnx'L aa 6oraTr.rii l\.ien'L, Tarc'b· H on }I.HKUX'b no.rrom~eB'b. Jv!HpoJII06Hehle <i>HHHIJ: 6e3'f> 6opn6LJ. ycTyHaJlH M'BCTa pyCCKif.'\l'b. IlOCJI'li.n;Hie pacqm:a;an:H H3'b-ITO)l.1> Jl'BCa rralllmI, CTpOHJJH rm 6o;r·he y.n;o6HbIX'l> ~rl>
CTaX'b 1rn6yonm u :mr puo rpy.n;u.'Inc1, ue orracaHCb mrnacmx·r, opa,L'oir1, i.:o·ropLie ,rr;oJit'O 11c :m1·Jur,;i;1irnaJIH B"» J1•01•·1 cypom.rit 1qntil.
AH.ttpeA· 6oronl86cHiii. Ho:rnh1me11i10 CyJ,i1,aJ11>cKoii ~1e:\urn 6oJI·J;e ncero cnoco6crllonaJI'L Au if. p e it B o r o JI ro 6 c Ki ii, nuyR'b B.llajl,mrnpa MoHOMaxa. An,rr,peii c11a1ia.i1a. ;KHJI'b B"L Bwuropoii.t, OJTH3'L F\iena., HO crwpo ymeJI'b OTTYJI;a n1, CyaJI.a,1br.1di1 ~pafi, mliuo nairn·1 c'J, coilo10 1mouy Boropo,11;m:i;b1, Hamrna.1rnpo, no npc;~anim, euaHL'e.ilucro~r'h .Iyrwro. llyTemecTnie sTo:ii HKOJ-I.M conposo;1~,n;a.1ocn pa;rn1.rnn llp,eca:mr. -PaacKallMBa.mn; "C{TO OHa TllOpHJia HCU,'BJieHiff J~KC Ha IIY'rH, a B1> 10 BCpCTaX'b
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C,1J.·.k;ranumc1> Cy3)I.UJlf>CKJOt'b 1rnS13eM1,, Ai-r.11:pett noceirn:JICJI B'.f> roJJO)I.'J; RJrap;1onrpt. OJ-l'J, JIOCTpOUJl'b Tallf'I, ncmnw;drnnyro 11,ep!WB.f. no mm Y cnoHin BoropOiJ.HIJ,bl u nocTamrn'h n'L neii 11pnneae1-mym II3'b
BDJmropo)l;a HKOHr, KOTOparr C'b T'l>X'I> IIOp'b CTa.Jia Ha3LIBaTJ>CJI BJia)f.H~ 1rnpc1rn1l 1). lh µ;irna IOJ&noii PrcH An)I.peii wa11aJ1a 1w mcfamrna-JicH, li Rie1n. rrepeXO)I.lfJl'b OT'b O)J;HOrO ICI-Ul3Il K'b .Qpyro:uy, IIO llOTOl\1'.b om, npeJI.'hHBHJl'L na ucro cnou npaua, KaI~'b CTapmiii B'I> po;rh. Ih 1169 r. llHOr01IHCJieHiroe cy3,u;a.1rr,c1we onoJilmnie n:nn.110cr, IIO,lf,'b cT·Imamr Riena, .B3n.110 ero rrpncTy110M'.f> JI pa3rpa6uJio, 1rero H1mor,u;a erne ne 6LIJ10 C'h ,,11a·rep.blo ropO,il.OB'b pyccrmx'h "' . Iloc;d; 9Toro An)I.peH: noca,il.HJ1'b B'b
Rien·h cnoero M.1a)J;maro 6paTa, a caiwL, npuunn'h THTf Jl'I> nemmaL'O K1rn3sr, oc·ra.rnn no B.lla;J,nmrp·J;. C'I> s·roro npe~rnm1 BJi a )J.1urnp'I> c JI. ·I> .'! a J[ c n 11 c p n 0 rr p c c T 0 JI 1> JI Ll M 'I> r 0 p 0 )I. 0 M 'I> p y c r, K 0 it .3 c ~[ .'! I[
ffo cMcpTH A11)1;peff BoeoJI106cKa1·0 nemrno1rnnjftecrdii upecTOJl'L 3amrJI'b 6pa'I"L ero B c e B o JI o A 'h ill B o JI I> mo e I' 11 ·J; 3 .n; o, npo:manHhIJi: Ta&'b 3a cnoe MHoro1rncJCeHHOe ce:&reifc-mo. Om. TaEtirte .>rmJC'.h no Bna)l.HMHp'h H cru;e 6oJrlle ycHJIHJI'b 3HaY:cnie Cya.ilJlJibCKaro rurm1•ccroa. IlcenoJIOAY Hacn·.k)J.OBil.ll'h ChIR'b ero IOpiH: 11, npH KO'ropoMT> Hal'pHlI)'JIH na Pyc1> HOB:bie KO'leDHHKH-T a Tap LI.
VII. Ta TapcKiH no:rpOM~.
61trea Ha p. HanKt. 'l'a·raphl, HapO)J.'h lllOHPOJlbCKaro f!JleMemr, HJ.n;anna 1coqeoaJIH Bl> 06111Hp1UiIX'L crerrnx'I> cpc:i;u ei:i AJiH. UH~\IaJia OHH:
,l('llJIH.:mcr, Ha 11rnomecrao Me.JIBHX'h op,rr.n, HO B'h tta.•ia;rl; XIII n. HX'b o6'Le)l;HHHJI'L IIOJJ.'b CBOero BJraCTMO Tc My lf H H 'b, KOTOpllIH npon03I'JiaCHJl'b ce6n '-IHHrHC'l>-XaHOM'b, T. e. ne.11HK1B1'& xaHOM'l>. CA·li.1rnuIIJHCh IIOBCJIHTeJieM'b orpo11m@X'b TaTapCKl:IX'L DOJI11Hll{'b, OH'b 3ajr:yllr::tJI'b 06'be)J.HHH'fb IIO)J;'b CDOCIO BJlaCTl>IO sc·& POACTllCIIHble TaTapaM'b HapO]l,hl 11 yc11•hJl'b noKopHrh 3Ha•m:TeJibHfIO Y:aCTb Aain:, a OAHa ero oppJt 060·
noJtcTynHJIH l\'L IlJiaJlHMnpy H crrnpo D3mrn ero npucTynoM'L. Hm1)l{enrnll ccrui,n H em1CKOII'I.. saTDopn.JJucJ:. B'L IJ,epmm BoropoJ1,1u~LI Ha xoJlax1,, HO Tallr'l> nc·J; nor116JI H n'L m1aMeHH. lfa'h BJia)\mmpa BaThlti nomen'h Ha neJJJIKaro 1rnna.n n paaonJI'I> ero Ha 6eperax'I> p•.B1rn CH Tu (nnaiJ,aiom.cil D'h MoJiory). IOpi:ll II 6mI'I> y6uT'h, a C'I> HHlll'b uor116Jia
ropo]l;y H )l',eHI> n HOTh 61un1 CT'tIJ11 cTfaro6nTm.IMII opy,ll.imrn. HeycTpalllHMlilli pyccn:i:M: Hoeno)I.a )J,MHTpiM, J-JaliaJIM'l'BOnamuHi: 'l'Ol')l;a B'I> Rien·J;, pimmnca 3am.muaTM'JI ]l;O noc.i1i>)I,ue11 rcpaiiHOCTH. IT aKOHC!l'I>, TaTapLI n3mm CT'hHI.I H on.1aA1>Jrn I\ienol\t'L. IIocJd; ::itoro BaTLiii ,n,nnny.TJcn: ,n;a;1te Ha sana)l.'I>, nee 011yc·rom~1 na cnoeM'h IT)''l'H, n TOJI.hKO nctptTHJl'h CHJihHOe conpoTHBJieHic co C'l'OpOHhl lJemCKirX'b Hoiicrc'L. Tor,n,a Olt'.b D03Bpan£JICJ! B'b IlpHKac11iiicKill CTemt, TIOCTpOHJI'b na p·hK'h AxTy6t ropo,ir,'b C a p a ii: H c.a;1maJI'L cro cTOJIHu;ero cnoero rocy ,ir,apcTBa, noJJy-1nunrraro 11a3na.Hie 3 o JI o To li, mrn RH rr 'I a Kc Ko H. op .n; Iii.
I I epBI>Jit rrpHOJ.JJTL I•'l> Ba'fhuo .ff p o c JI a B 'b B c en o Ji. o ,11; on u q 'I>,
upa'l"h IOpi.a Jl. rpo3m1i1 xa1n, Il33J1a1JHJl'L ero CTapI11Hlll'1 .MeiK,JI,Y ncfarn KIUJ3I>J111m n1, P}C('.KOfi. 3e)rJTI> rr ;1,a;11, eMy n p JI LI x 'l>, HJ1H rpa-a10Ty, Ha neJIJ11COKI1.n;1ieCidfi npcCTOjl'L. 3a .HpOCJJaBOM1> IIOT51H)'JIJIC1> B'b 0.PAY u JJ,pyrie J-Lll}Jar,si M Ta1.;n~e 110Jry<m.;1u 51pJJI.imr 11a paamilsr oCi.imcTH, HO 1d:;1\0TOphle H3'L 1111x'L Taiwr. uor116.111. TaK'L, 61>1:r'L yG11·rh, no 11p1maa:mho Eanrn, i1ep11m·oncr~rn 1rnn3h .Mnxan.n, IWTOp.Liit . 11c >:OT'h'I.
npoiiTH Me~1t1. Jl,BJX'O omefi JI TIORJJOHil'rl>CH TaTapcmrn'L H,11,0.118::\Il,. · C'L !"l'l'Oro npc:MCHH Ha1rn.TJOC1> ua Pycu: Ta Tap c 1c o e, JrJin Mo 11·
r o JI I'> c 1c" e 11 r o, r.:oTopoc npo)l,o.n;1wJJocr, 240 JThn. Ta·rnpr,1 06.TJ0;1Cu"11r ·m~1teJ10ro 1i.ani,10 nee pyrc1we naccJ1c11ie OTL acMJie,11,for1r.1,a ;;i;o '6onpnna.. Il,aHb ny BOCT0 1JJILie 1'")'1111,Jil B3H.11H aa OTK)' Jl'L II COOl1 paJIH ee TIO}I,'l> aam.uToro xanc1mx·i, Ga.crm1w111,, HJIH 11anrIH~Tmu.:on'1, c·1 6oJIJ,IJlOIO ii.e
C'!01c9cTMo; 6·J;iuumon'L, ne mdmuinx·1, 1rh:t11L BanJiaTHTJ• ,ll,mhr; Hl>IB0-.!-!':'1~ na 1u1ou_ta,rr.J, n 611.1111 110 1rJicirnJII>KY 'Jacon.·1, na.rmam1 1iJm Jtte npo~ana.1fi ··m, patic·rno c1. ,,:cnoro 11 wli·nl\m . .Ih' c1iacTr,10, ::iail11cmrocT1>
'KOrAa IIO;ll;OJiry ne .iltllJIH B'I> P occiH, He DlI'BIDllilaJIHCb D'l> el! ynpa.n.11eJiie H ne npeCJI'B;ll;OBaJIH IIp3BOCJI&BHOii ntpHj OJIH p;a>Ke IlORpOBH
TC.1ThCTBOB8JIII pyccxo.My JcyXoBeHCTBY n ocno6o;ii;1rnn ero on noro· JIOB.flOH ,ir.amr.
V III. AJieReaH;IJ;P'b HeBCRiB:.
HeBcHaR 6MTaa. Bo npeMH HamecTBU! BaTI:ilH D'b HonropoJr.t xmr- , mH.1'.b A JI e It ca H ,11; p 'b, CHH'b .HpoCJiana Bcenono;ii;oencia. Ila ero ,ir.o.JIIO ni.maJio aauurm:aT.& Pyccicyio aeMJIIo on aana,ll;HLIX':D npa.ron'l>, n OH'.& -cqacTJinno rroneJI'.b 6opb6y co rrrneAaMlI n ninu~aMrr.
III n e .iJ; I:il aaAylla.i1.H noKopIITI> Honropo;ii;cRy10 0611acT.o n pacopoCTPam:1T1> Tam. RaTO.iIIPlecTno. B'h 1240 rOiJ..J OIW co6pa..n:11 uo;r:omoe noftc1w JI ua imorrrx·r:. rcopa.umrx'l> apullLm D'h Hcsy, K'.b ycn10 HmopLI. Ila"Cla..lbDllh"'L JToro noiicKa Bnprep'b rroc.Jia.1'.b crmaa1'b ArceRcaH.J;py: ,,EC.Jiil MOjKCilll>, COllpOTlID.lrrllCH; snail, "ClTO n: yme a,i.r;J3r.r, n n.1im10 TBOIO 3CMJIID". ,,Ilac'I> IIClliIOro", CRa.33..l'b KIUIJ.b CBOIDl'b DOUHaM'b: ,,HO
Bol"L He B'I> cmrn, a D'I> rrpan;i.t". IloMOJIIIBllillCb D'b :\.'J)3.M'B c u. Co<Pin,
Oil'b DI:JC'r y1mJI'h C'L neoOJJblllOIO ;i,pyllCfIIIOIO H rrpu6.lU3UJICU JC'I> HiKopt. Ilpe;ii;auie pa:Jc1>aJ11nae•r'.b, llTO nepc,11;'!. 6aTno10 mttnw1 uimi>y c·ropoiicenoro OTP.ll,!l;a IIpll .MOp'll lieJll'yCiIO H13JI.1JOCb Bn.n;imie. 0Jl'.b He CllaJI'.b DCTO H01Il>, DLirJUJ,ll,T,mau ncnpiflTeJilI, ll D,il;pyl".b Ha DOCXO~i; co.rn11,a YC.'ITiiillaJI'.b na :r.rop·h mym.. II0Aoii1Vl 6mrnte Kl> 6epery, ou'r. ynu,u;·hJI'L JIO;J;Ry: rpeuu;LI cn,l.HT'b TO'IFro 01''1;TI,rn ]rr:IOIO, a nocpe;n;mrh cron·1"1> D'L npacHiiIX'b O)I.ea~,u;ax'b cnn. Boprrc'b n f JI'h61>. II ycmmra.1'.b IlcJ1ryciii, RaRri;. B opuc"L cm13aJI'L I'JrMr: "Bpa.T» fJI'h6·.1>, neJin rpccTu, uo.11o;Kc1r'b 11a
meMy cpo~unxy .Allexcau.rr;py". C'lllma :no .n;0Gp1.i1.M·r. upeJI,3Ha~reHoaaHi.eM'b, AJieucan;q>'b HCMC;J;JieHRo y,ir.apILlI'b 11a nrne;i;on'I>. O;i;nH'I• Honropo11.c1dii 6ora.T.&rp.b 6pocrr.1CH na maTep'b Brrprepa, 'ITO 1•pacona.1cu rrocpe;i;n :i:arepn CBOIIM'b ao.10Tfilll'» nep:xmr'b, 11 no,:i;py6rr.rn> y nero CTo.116'1>. Y .nu;i;an'L rra)I.eHic maTpa, llODI'opo;r.qLI cTpeMnTe.1bnO 6pocu.mc1> uucpe.n;'I> u concpmeHIIo pa::i6mrn: 11elli>iHTe .. 1H, a cam:. mrn3b uama .. n Buprepa u ptl.1111.ll'b cro ICOil!>CM'b D'b .TIHIJ;O. Illne;J;hl naei>opo llOXOpOHUJIH qacTb yon:Tr.IX'I> 1m .M'LCT'h, OC'raJII>HhlX'I> CBaJIH.lH na CllOll cyµ;a JI ll01I.LIO yn.1&m no Hen·s D'D .llope. 3a aTy noo·h.:i;y A.1eKcarr;i;p1> rro.11yirllJI'J. 1rpo3nauic II e n c I> a r o.
JleAOBOe no6oMute. II p n 6 a .1 T iii c rd ti r~ pa u, r ;1, 1 Tcnep1. ry-6cp11in ::>cTnuu,u;mcaa, Jrncf>JrnFI.'l,C r~art u £\.yp.rnHwrcan, H3,11;a.nua. uacc.'Iff.lIII <I> u n 11 LI u .11 u Ton~ LI. CHa'm.rn 3,J;tcb y·rnep;i.tLrn cnoe rocuo,l(CTBO pycc1de, HO B'I> lH\l[3..1I 'h Xlll n ·J;irn, UX'L llhIT'l:>CUHJllf OTCto;i;a rrinca;.hl. OrnoBaB'I> oco6mr p;yxonHo-soenFihrn oow;ccTna, n:.m·hcTur.rn no;t'l>
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lI-MeneM'L JI n non c 1c a r o 1) JI Te n To H c Karo Op,ll;eHOB'I>, ntm~LI ue
TOJIE.ItO OD.Jia,lJ;'BJIH IIpu6aJITii1CKUlll'I> RpaeM'L, HO CTaJIH Hana)l;aTI> H Ha
Jlonropo.11.c1cyro 3eMJIIO. HoaropoJvv.i o6paTHJIHCL aa uo~romL10 it'h mrn3ro A.11eKcan,ll;py, ROTOpblfr n'I> 9TO npe:mr H<tXO,'J;HJICH B'b Cy3)I.aJILCKOii aeMJrh. :My)KecTBeHHhltt KHH3b TOT'JaC'I> no3npanrncn B'L 1-Ionropo)I.'b. CoopaB'Ji. DOi'ICKO, 0111> 6hlCTpo oqncTHJl'L OT'b H'lmo,em. IloeropO.ll;CKYID aeMJIIO, a 3a'.l"BM'L ,a;nnnyJicH HancTpttJy npara~r'L 11 cpa3HJICJI C'I> ninm. na JII>AY qy,a;c1rn..ro o:1epa. BnTna npO.JI.OJDitaJ1acL AO II03,ll,Irnro neqepa; HaIWHeu,-r., ntMIVil rroTepn:rn CTpoil H o·BiKaJIH, a pycc1cic rHaJIIICI> aa mum ceMb nepCT'L Ii l\HIOl'IIX'I> H30~lJllI. 3Ta no6·ll.a;a An:eKCaH)I.pa, H3Bi)C'fHaJI IIO)I;'I>
irnenelI'L JI e .ii; on a r o rr o 6 o H iu: a, mi.ecer)la oceo60.11;Irna ctnepnyro Pyc1> OT'b Il'lrnca;ccaro B-11a,Jr,Iil'ICCTBa.
CJiany. Pa3c1ta;n,inaroT'l>, qro oµ;HH'h H'h11re1~KiH KHH3I> napoquo rrpifomaJI'L D'L Honropo,n;'l,, 'IT061>1 n3r;urnyTI. rra 311a:ucmITaro repon H rroaua1toJ1rnTbCH C'b mrn'I>. Do3npaTHBIIIFICI:. JJ.OMoii:, :nor·r. RIIH3I> C'L nocTopro111'L rormpHJI'L: ,,l\Inoro nn,'l;f..T1'L H CTpaH'h H Hapoµ;on'h, no 1-rnr;rll He ncTpttra.Jl'b Ta1wro m1 D'J> ~ap.ax'b 1~ap.H, HH B'b 1rna3hHX'Il KHH3n". Cal\r'h BaT&t:fI, npHL'JiacHn-& w1, ce6J; A...rnli:can)(pa, ,1ac1rnno rrpmrnJ1'J> ero n, o·rnyc1caa C'Il IIO)J.apKam1," crca3a.11'h CBOIIM'L npu6JimKemrLrn·i,: ,,Ilpa11.11;y l\urJ; ronoPHJIB, qro Il'tT'L no;i;ouuaro IGIHasr".
OTHowettif1 AneHcaH)tpa HescKaro Kb rarapaMb. Ilo c~rcpTH HpoCJrana DcenojIOJI.OnIPia neJIHKlBI'.I> KHH.30M'L BJra.a;mrnpcrrnM'.b ca·nmwrcu CLIH'b ero A JI e 1c c a H /I. p 'D He B c Ki ii:. 3ron Morymecrnemrnli B:HHJb nomuraJI'I:., trro pa3opeHHan Pyc1> He :arorJia cneprayn TaTapc1caro 11ra, ll03TOMY 1IaCTO tS.il;HJl'D B'b Op,ii,y C'D H3'bHB.'ICIIielr'b n01wp11oc·m, OTB0-3:f!Jl'L xany u ero cauonmmailn. 6orar1.1c ;i;ap1>1 11 6carrpc1wCJionHo ncrroJIHHJI'L net Tpe6onanin Tarap'L, •ITOUhI TOJibKO cnacnr po~uyro se~r.no
OT'L 11onbIX'h 6'1>,i!,'h. Oµ;HajKJll>I yrnercmrLie '1mrcJ1H ropoµ;oirr, Pocrona, Cys;i;a..rn, D.1aµ;mrn:pa II J!,p. ITO,ll;IUIJ!H OTI_.pbll'Oe BO:!CTaIIie II CTaJIH H3-
) Jirrnoucrdtt op;:i;enT> coucrneurro na3r.ma.:rnu op;i,eno:\rr. "Me'le· nocu;en1, ", rroro~ry lJTO q,rn1rn: ero noc::rn:rr ua ut:rb1x'L i1.1aw;ax.'1> HJoupa· aeuic :-.mqa. Op.!(Cll'I> l\fo•rnHocu;eB"L cocroFr:r'b JJa·i, 6 p arr. c B n-p bI u; ape it ( BOHHOil'b ), 6 p a Tb e B 'b-C B ff m; e H H H Im B 'L H 6 p a T r. e R 'b-C .!I y ilt am; H x: '1> ( opya•euocu;en'I.i, pe~rec.1emurnon'.h H c..rryr'L ). Bcmdit ;Re.Jan mitt IIOCTJIIHTI> Il'b Op){elll> ]J;OJia~e!I'I:. 6bIJI'b p;a·ro 'tJ:CTl>lpe o6·J.;ra: . OoJffb ue3• yc.10nuaro IIOC.TJillaHilI op;i;euc1:o:uy llU.<ta.JibCTBJ, o()·l;r'b OC36paqiJI, oo·hT'b 6i>;n;nocrn n, uarwuerrr., olS'hT'h nocmr~euin nccit cnocfi ;mmrm na 6op1>uy C'b Jisr.r'Iruma~m JI HeD"hpm,nm:. Bet 6paTf>.ll 0611Jarrr.r 6r,v1r:r rrpucyrcrno· 11arb earnp;uenuo rrpH ooroCJiy;Reuinx'b, ;1mTb n·.r. r.nrp·h p;pyt"b c·J, )l;pyro:u'f,, 11M·hrL o6m;ee 21~HJiam;e nn opp;enc1tax'b p;oMax'L :e: oorr~ifi croJI'.h. Bcmdn: y;n;oBO.!ILCTBiH, p;ame oxora na sn·hp11 HJUI nrm:i;y, nocnpcw;airnc1>. Bo riiant <>p;n;erm cl'OJIJI'b Marne T p 'I>.
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:xaH'L u npnKa3aJI.'L y>1rn ,ll;BHHYT:& na Pye:& rpoMa,lI,HhlH rroJ11rnm:a ,IJ,JUt
:naiwaaanin: HerroRopHLIX'D • .A.neiccan,11;p'.b nocntmBJI'L B'I> op,lI,y n ycut.lJ'I.
JMHJIOCTHDHTI> rpoaaaro xaHa, HO 9TO 6LIJI1> ero IlOCJit,lI,Hiii 110,ll,DHl"L:
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- 26 -
nra, uo ona u11·hJia nec1>Ma na>ItHoe sRatienie: pycc&ie YBHAtJia, 'IT<>
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)I.nMRTpUi, npo3naHhiit sa Ry JIBKODCKYIO 6BTBY ,1I. o H c x n H ~ J:llep'b eme n'h no.r1HOM'h u;stTt cmr'I> (n'I> 1389 r.).
MTioro cuoco6cTnona.n'L npcuo;r,o6ulilii Ce pr i it, noJir,sona.nmi.Hcs: nec1>M&. 6oJir,nmar'I> BJiimrieM'I. l!ft cn0Hx1, conpeMeHHHKOB'!.. On. Cepriti eme B'D
Mo.iro,11,ocTH ymeJI'I> n3o po;i;uTeJir,c11:aro ;i;oMa n noceJIHJIC.11 B'I> ;r,peMyqeM'I. Jrhcy 6JTII3'h ropo.n.a Pa,1J,onc;Ka {HhlH'h ue cymecTDyromaro). 3;t;nc1> Cepriit noc-rponJI'h ce6·h KeJiiIO u 3.ta.lJCHbKYIO IJ,epxon1> no HMSI Cs. TpoHu.ur n ncc10 ;r,ymoro npcp;a.ncn: rro,rr.nnraM'.I.. Cn:opo cTa.n:n co6HpaT1>CK K'I> CDilTOMY OTllle.1 bHHKY lllOl-taXII II, IlOCTpOllll'b H'llCKOJlbKO ReJiiii noxpyl"b UCPKBll, Ii36pa.1IH ero CBOHM'b Ul'YJIICHOM'b. Ila ncpDLIX'I> nopax'I> llOHaCTr.1p r. non 6:r:.u·r. Q"trcn& 6·h;r,e1-rr,: 60 roCJiyJ1te11ie 11ep·h;r,1w oT11pa:n.1nJIOCh npn cntT·h JIY'IllllbI, KH11r11 nncam.r 61..vrn na 6epecrt, a pnsbl ynoTpC6JiflJIITCb XO.lJ:LQCBhrn; HO IIOHe;unory om. ua•ra.1'b }'BeJIIPUIDa'fbCH,.
TpoH~Ko-CeprieecKaa naepa (B'L XYll cro.diTiH).
C:SoraT'hTJ> n C'!. rrcqcuicM'I. npeMellil npcnpaT!l.lC!I B'b 3na.MemtTyt<> T p 0 Hu. K o-0 0 pr i e B c I\ y IO JI a B p y, KOTOpa.SI He pa3'h OKa.3hlBaJia Poccia ncc1Ma na11,Hb111 yc.1yru.
XI. IoaHff'l> III (1462-1505).
6paKl. ci. Cocl>ieio naneonon,. Jifa'h npeeMHHKOB'.I. )I.HMHTPisr )I.oHexol'o oco6cnuo 3u1tqaTcJreH'h upaBHYK'h ero I o an a 'b ill. ::ho 6:r:.r.;rJ. rocyAap1 yMnLili, ocTopo1K11:r:.1ii .H HacTotitJHDLiit. On'L ucKycHo nocnon-
- 27 -
30B3JICSI ?:"B.l\lH CHJialll1I, ROTOpbUI 6111.lJ.H IlpHl'OTODJieHLl ero npC.i!;Illec·meHHHICai'tuJ, H noc-ranm1'L MocrconcKoe KHmKeCTBO Ha pH)I.Y C'l> caMhnnt: .11oryru:ecTDeHH6UIH rocy)I.apcTnai'trn: Toro BpeMeHH.
Ilepe1i1111'.b na)lmr,rn'L p,'l>.;101\I'I> loaHHa 6LIJI'I> 6paK'I> ero C'L rpe'-IeCROIO n;apeBHOIO C o <I) i e ii II a JI e o JI or 'I>, IIJleMmra1uJ;e10 noc.J1·l>.i1;ru1ronnaaIITiHcxaro 1-nmepaTopa, rrorB6rnaro rrpH B311TiH RoucTaHTHHOIIOJUI TypRaMM. ::ha uapem-ia jKKJia Torp,a B'I> Pmd;. Ilana npe,n;JimKH.lJ.'I> eeB'L cynpyrH Ioamry, Ha)l;'BJICI> nocpe)I.CTBOM'L 9TOl'O 6pa1ca c6JHl3HTbC1! C'L pyccmnm n pacnpocTpanHTI> cpe.11;11 HHX'L KaToJie:qecTBO. IoaHH'I> IlpHH.IIJI'l> npeµ;J1ox~eHie. Co¢i.a: npi·hxa.Jia B'L l\loc&sy li o6whwraJiac&. y'I> Bemrn.HM:'L KIDI3el\1'l>. Ho nonr,rnca nana rro)l;qa1u1n ce6·.I> pyccRyr<>JJ;ep1coB.& He JIM'BJia ycntxa, Tar<'l> xa1c7> Co¢iH oKa3aJiach pcnuoGTHOit no6opH1u:i;eii rrpanoCJiaaia. ·
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