P UBLIC P OLICY I MPLICATIONS OF C RIMINOLOGICAL T HEORIES ADJ 215 Criminology Picture:.

PUBLIC POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES

ADJ 215 Criminology

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INTRODUCTION

Social Structure Theory/Definition/Interpretation of Crime According to Theory/Summary/Examples and Results of Public Policy ImplicationsSocial Process Theory/Definition/Interpretation of Crime According to Theory/Summary/Examples and Results of Public Policy ImplicationsSocial Conflict Theory/Definition/Interpretation of Crime According to Theory/Summary/Examples and Results of Public Policy ImplicationsRational Choice Theory/Definition/Interpretation of Crime According to Theory/Summary/Examples and Results of Public Policy ImplicationsTrait Theory/Definition/Interpretation of Crime According to Theory/Summary/Examples and Results of Public Policy ImplicationsDevelopmental Theory/Definition/Interpretation of Crime According to Theory/Summary/Examples and Results of Public Policy Implications

Wundt

Comte

Darwin

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SOCIAL STRUCTURE THEORYDEFINITION OF THE THEORY/CRIME CAUSATION AS INTERPRETED ACCORDING THEORY

Social Disorganization Theory- Emphases on social conditionsStrain Theory- Emphases on conflict between goals and meansCultural Deviance Theory- Combines the other two theories

Henry McKay & Clifford ShawChicago Area Project

According to the Social structure theory is a theory, people’s places in the Socioeconomic structure influence their chances of becoming a criminal (Siegel, 2006).

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SOCIAL STRUCTURECRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES /EXAMPLES AND RESULTS

Head start Programs

Cash Benefits

Low or no rent projects

Free Medicaid

Food Stamps

According to The Social Structure Theory, if given the opportunity to share in the rewards of traditional Society, the lower class members of society can have an alternate to criminal actions. As per the research, crime rates reduce if lower class members receive some sort of government aid, such as an ADC check, free medical, food stamps, and subsidized Housing. (Siegel, 2006).

SOCIAL STRUCTURE THEORYSUMMARY OF CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES

For an effort to develop social stability in disorganized communities, development of crime ridden inter-cities is theorized to be a preventive measure of minimizing crime. The Weed & Seed program is intended for regulating and stopping violent crime and drug abuse in all high crime locations. The objective of this program is to change crime areas with community human services after getting rid of the criminals. (Siegel, 2006).

Sweeping Away

Violent Crimes

Drug Abusers

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SOCIAL PROCESS THEORYDEFINITION/CRIME CAUSATION AS INTERPRETED ACCORDING TO THEORY

Social Learning- Criminal behaviors, such as conventional behaviors are learned.Social Control Theory- A persons behavior mirrors their feeling for the society.Labeling Theory- Implies that when a person may act accordingly to his label.

As per the social process theory, an individuals Interaction with different organizations and institutions in Society have bearing on their corruption. (Siegel, 2006).

Labeled(Ex-Con) Learned BehaviorsDeviant adult

Hippocrates

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SOCIAL PROCESS THEORYCRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES/EXAMPLES AND RESULTS

Counseling, educational services, packages that provide work training, offerings for the offender as well as their own households, etc. are a few examples of policy implications. Restitution may be offered in lieu of jail period. These are all examples of stigma-reducing programs. (Siegel, 2006).

The implication is to ensure the criminal that he can avoid becoming Labeled (as he might possibly be if he went through a criminal trial that resulted in Conviction) and since he is not being labeled, this may conclude his Criminal behavior. (Siegel, 2006).

Vocational programRestitution -avoiding trialCounseling

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SOCIAL PROCESS THEORYSUMMARY OF CRIME PREVENTION METHODS

As per L.J Siegel, the social policies have ben greatly influenced by social process theories. Both treatment orientations and community action policies are being controlled by the theories.

(Siegel, 2006)

SOCIAL CONFLICTDEFINITION/CRIME CAUSATION AS INTERPRETED ACCORDING TO THEORY

SOCIAL CONFLICT- Individuals and groups (social classes) within society have differing amounts of material-non material resources(the wealthy vs. the poor)and that the more powerful groups use their power in order to exploit groups with less power.(en.wikipedia.org).

GED VS. College degree

Income from employment vs. Public Assistance

Rich woman with social status vs. Poor woman with no social status

6 figure income vs.Minimum wage

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SOCIAL CONFLICT THEORYSUMMARY OF CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES

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SOCIAL CONFLICT THEORYSUMMARY OF CRIME PREVENTION METHODS

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THE TRAIT THEORYDEFINITION OF THEORY/CRIME CAUSATION ACCORDING TO THEORY

Psychodynamic Theory –This theory states that a person’s criminal behavior is a result from unconscious motivations during his early childhood..

Behavioral The theory states that an individual’s learned experiences affects the development of their actions..

Cognitive Theory- According to theory, those who are prone to crime may possibly have cognitive deficits.

(Siegel, 2006)

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TRAIT THEORYCRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES/EXAMPLES AND RESULTS

According to the public policy, a society can be protected from the untreatable if the biological affect is controlled. Therapeutic intervention, like psychoanalysis and group therapy, are considered to be preventative methods. (Siegel, 2006).

Group counseling

Psychoanalysis

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TRAIT THEORYSUMMARY OF CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES

The way someone perceives society, and the way he/she functions upon his/her unusual feelings and concepts, all these play a role in person’s behavior. These are considered as the aspects of biochemical factors, psychological traits, neuropsychological factors, and genetic traits. (Siegel, 2006).

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RATIONAL CHOICEDEFINITION OF THEORY/CRIME CAUSATION AS INTERPRETED ACCORDING TO THEORY

According to the rational choice public policy, if crime is logical and people choose to commit crime, then it can be followed by the notion that crime can be prohibited or even exterminated by convincing possible offenders, and conveying that crime is really a bad option, and will not deliver any benefits but painful problems, and deprivation instead. (Siegel, 2006).

Right ChoicesWrong Choices

RATIONAL CHOICECRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES /EXAMPLES AND RESULTS

The rational choice public policy states that “If

crime is rational and people choose to commit crime, then

it follows that crime can be controlled or eradicated by

convincing potential offenders that crime is a poor choice

that will not bring rewards ,but pain hardship, and

deprivation instead” (Siegel, 2006).

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RATIONAL CHOICE THEORYSUMMARY OF CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES

According to rational choice theory, crime and punishment should be relational.

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORYDEFINITION OF THEORY/CRIME CAUSATION AS INTERPRETED ACCORDING TO THEORY

This particular Developmental concept states that a person’s criminal actions are stemmed from their growth of personality starting right from the time of their birth.

Latent Trait View: The theory says that Genetic abnormalities, impulsive personalities, and also the damaged personalities can be the reasons behind an individual’s criminal behavior.

Human Nature Theory-This theory suggests that an individuals”genetic Make-up,intelligence and body build may outweigh the importance ofSocial variables as predictors of criminal activity”(O’Connor,2000-2008).

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORYCRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES/EXAMPLES AND RESULTS

An example of a crime prevention strategy for the theory is that the particular person requires altering or adding structure to their life, like becoming a member of the military, getting married, going away to varsity, and so on. Researches have found that when individuals get married, it changes their perception of life. Due to new added structure they will not have time or a need to engage in the criminal practices they were formerly engaged in.(Survey of CJ).

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORYSUMMARY OF CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES

The theory talks about an evaluation of the way criminal law is applied just like a method of social control; and it also demonstrates the way power relations create inequities in the U.S. (Siegel, 2006).

CONCLUSION

BLUMER.T.(OCTOBER 17, 2007).WELFARE ROLLS STILL PLUNGING AFTER ALL THESE YEARS AND STILL UNDERREPORTED.RETRIEVED AUGUST 10, 2008 FROM HTTP://WWW.BLOG.CLEVELAND.COMCRIME THEORY.RETRIEVED--FROM HTTP:/WWW.LEJS.COM/SURVEY_OF_CJ/CH03.HTMENWIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/SOCIAL_CONFLICT_THEORYHTTP://WWW.IMAGES.SEARCH.YAHOO.COMHTTP:/WWW.SEARCH.LIVE.COMO’CONNOR.T.(2006).CRIMINOLOGY THEORIES.RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://WWW.APSU.EDU/O'CONNOR/CRIMINOLOGY.HTM#UNITSSIEGEL L.J.(2006).CRIMINOLOGY(9TH ED).BELMONT,CA:THOMSON