P * A P * B P H 2 O C 6 H 5 Cl A(l)+B(l) A(l)+g g+B(l) T , bA T , bB T H 2 O C 6 H 5 Cl A(l)+B(l) A(l)+g g+B(l) T=90℃ P=9.79X10 4 Pa g g F=2-3+1=0 a b Phase diagram of immiscible liquid-liquid binary systems
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P
*AP
*BP
H2O C6H5Cl
A(l)+B(l)
A(l)+gg+B(l)
T
,b AT
,b BT
H2O C6H5Cl
A(l)+B(l)
A(l)+g
g+B(l)
T=90℃P=9.79X104Pa
g
g
F=2-3+1=0
ab
Phase diagram of immiscible liquid-liquid binary systems
Water vapour distillation
BA
BB
*
B nn
npyp
BA
AA
*
A nn
npyp
AA
BB
A
B
*
A
*
B
/
/
Mm
Mm
n
n
p
p
*B B B
*A A A
m p M
m p M
5.4.4 Phase diagrams of solid-liquid binary systems Condensed matter Solid-solution
Water-salt
( )P F=2-Φ+1 Single phase region Bi-phase line Triple point
Phase diagram of Water-salt system
Decrease of freezing temperature
Saturation curve
Consoluted temperature
Liquid solution/Salt/ ice
Application example 1: ice salt bath
NaCl(s)-OH 2
)s(CaCl-OH 22
KCl(s)-OH 2
Water-salt Consolute temperature
252 K
218 K
262.5 K
257.8 KCl(s)NH-OH 42
Application example 2: Refine crude salt
5.4.5 Phase diagrams of Solid-solid binary systemsSolid-solution equilibrium
Alloy
Au-Ag， Cu-Ni，Co-Ni
(1) Completely Miscible binary system
Annealing
Quenching
Dendritic segregation
Zone melting:
Dephlegmate factor l
ss C
CK
(2) Have upper or lower consolute temperature
KBr,-KCl,COKCONa 3232
Au-CuSb,-Ag
(3) Two almost miscible solids and their miscible solutions
Eutectics
xB
Measurement of the Cd-Bi binary phase diagram
Application example: Solder
67 per cent tin and 33 percent lead melts at 1830C
Sn-Zn alloy
Liquid-crystal
the cholesteric phase
the nematic phase the smectic phase
5.4.6 Partly miscible solid solution
5.4.7 Phase diagrams of reacting systems
N stable products
N+1 Eutectics
H2O-H2SO4 phase diagram
2 4 2 3H SO H O (C )2 4 2 2H SO 2H O (C )2 4 2 1H SO 4H O (C )
283K
235K
Incongruent melting—K-Na
CaF2-CaCl2
a:
b:
d:
peritectic temperature
Homework Y: P176: 28; P182: 35; P183: 37 A: P215: 8.3(a); P219: 8.6
Preview: Y: 5.10-5.12 A:
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