A Plan for the Development of Superconducting Undulator Prototypes for LCLS-II and Future FELS P. Emma, …for the SCU R&D collaboration: ANL, LBNL, SLAC August 28, 2014 P. Emma, N. Holtkamp, H.-D. Nuhn, SLAC C. Doose, J. Fuerst, Q. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov, M. Kasa, G. Pile, E. Trakhtenberg, E. Gluskin, ANL D. Arbelaez, J. Corlett, S. Myers, S. Prestemon, R. Schlueter, LBNL
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P. Emma, …for the SCU R&D collaboration: ANL, LBNL, SLAC August 28, 2014 P. Emma, N. Holtkamp, H.-D. Nuhn, SLAC C. Doose, J. Fuerst, Q. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov,
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A Plan for the Development of Superconducting Undulator Prototypes for
LCLS-II and Future FELSP. Emma,
…for the SCU R&D collaboration: ANL, LBNL, SLACAugust 28, 2014
P. Emma, N. Holtkamp, H.-D. Nuhn, SLACC. Doose, J. Fuerst, Q. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov, M. Kasa, G. Pile, E. Trakhtenberg, E. Gluskin, ANLD. Arbelaez, J. Corlett, S. Myers, S. Prestemon, R. Schlueter, LBNL
Kicking the Can Down the Road (SCU’s)…
Proposed by E. Gluskin & N. Vinokurov in 1999 for LCLS-I “not ready for SCU” (15 yrs ago!)
Propose to re-design LCLS-II undulator and greatly improve performance (1 TW & 7 keV)?
SCU’s operating in ANKA (2005) & APS (2013) right now
Greatest un-tapped potential available for FEL performance
Superconducting Undulator Motivation
Higher magnetic fields allow superior FEL performance.No permanent-magnetic material to be damaged by radiation longer life & smaller gaps.Reduced (?) resistive wakefield with cold bore (preliminary).Much lower vacuum pressure, which limits gas scattering.Smaller footprint and simpler K-control thantypical, massive adjustable-gap PMU.Easily oriented for vertical polarization*.
Advantages of an SCU:
SCU’s need practical development…
* Vertical polarization allows efficient x-ray transport in horizontal deflections
SCU’s Provide Much Higher Fields than PMUs
5-mm vac. gap for all (7.3-mm mag. gap)In-Vac same vac. gap (5.3-mm mag. gap)
Nb 3Sn
PMU
NbTi
In-Vac. PMU
SCU much higher field for given period and gap
LCLS-II PMU:lu = 26 mmBpk = 1.0 Tgm = 7.3 mm
LCLS-II SCU
Und. Length vs Upper-limit Photon Energy (LCLS-II)
In-Vac-5In-Vac-5 NbTi-5In-Vac-5 NbTi-5 Nb3Sn-5
PMU-4 In-Vac-4 NbTi-4 Nb3Sn-4
In-Vac-5 NbTi-5 Nb3Sn-5
Limit145 m
PMU-5
SelfSeeded
145 m/1.5
lu = 25.8, 24.4 mm, 22.9, 21.3 mm, 19.3, 18.4,mm, 17.7, 16.8 mm
7.6
keV
4.8
keV
Includes breaks & 20% length margin for SASE saturation“5” labels (PMU-5) have 5-mm vac. gap; “4” have 4-mm“In-Vac” has same vac. gap, but 2-mm smaller mag. gap
6.5
keV
Lower-limit photon energy = 1.5 keV (at 4 GeV) in all cases
e- energy 4.0 GeVMin. x-ray energy 1.5 keVEmittance 0.4 mmEnergy spread 0.5 MeVPeak current 1 kA
All Labs…Develop field measurement and correction techniquesDemonstrate predicted field, field quality, end corrections, and cold-mass integration into cryostatDevelop conceptual design for full-length SCU in LCLS-II
Goal: By July 2015, deliver 2 fully functional, 1.5-m long, SCU prototypes meeting LCLS-II HXU spec’s
Nb3Sn
6-period prototype (Nb3Sn) built at LBNL in 2006 - reached 97% of current (lu = 14.5 mm).
IEEE Trans. on App. Supercon., Vol. 17, No. 2, June 2007 , pp. 1243-1246.
Prototype Magnet - LBNL
Wire Pocket (8×7)
0.6-mm diam. wire,60-mm braid
insulation
lu = 19 mm
Bpk = 1.86 T
Nb3Sn to NbTi joints at end of undulator
Electron Beam
gm = 8 mm
8×7
DesignPoint
8×5
8×9
(Nb3Sn)
On-Axis Field
Peak ConductorField
Load LinesCriticalCurrent, Ic
Nb3Sn
Undulator Assembly Components - LBNL
Cooling plates are separate to allow Nb3Sn heat processing (~650 C)
SCU Tape Phase Correction Scheme - LBNL
heaterswitches
S. Prestemon, D. Arbelaez, LBNL
single turn correction coils
current(< 100 A)
Single-turn correction coils placed on each side of vacuum chamber
Needs demoMay not be necessary?
Prototype Magnet - ANL (NbTi)
NbTi
lu = 21 mm
Bpk = 1.66 Te-
gm = 8 mm
Wire pocket (53 turns)
0.7-mm diam. Supercon NbTi SC wire
Load Lines
PeakCond.Field
On-Axis Field
Ic curve
745 A @3.8 T
(1.66 T,600 A,@80% Ic)
(3.35 T@80% Ic)
Short test cores to verify tolerancesand recent 1.1-m SCU1 now powered
Lower risk, but less field
Recent, very
encouraging
SCU1 results!
(not shown)
End-coil Winding Scheme - ANL
15/15 15/38 53energized by main supply (600 A)energized by separate supply (70 A)
End-Terminations and Field Correctors
“SCU” being wound on bench
shows 11 complete coil packages
Tolerance: 40 G-cm
0 , 51, 100 Amp (Measurements)
winding pack front faceFully wound 1.1-m half-magnet
Precision cores &
precision winding!
ANL 2-m Cryostat (to test both magnets)
Existing 2-m cryostat (4K) at APS• Experience with SCU’s at APS• Each magnet to be tested in this cryostat
2-m longcryostat;4 cryo-coolers;Loss-free He system
magnet &beam pipe
100-lLHevessel
4 cryo-coolers
SCU System Concept for LCLS-II HXU
Joel Fuerst, ANL
0.5-m cold breaks2-m long segments (+quad+BPM+PS)lu = 17-19 mm, Vacuum gap = 4-5 mm5-m cryostats500-W cryo-plant at 4 K
Summary
SCU technology promises a potential leap in FEL performance – needs development nowLCLS-II HXU can be extended to 7+ keV (1 MHz) and 1 TW (120 Hz) using the same SCUR&D is underway – re-baseline of LCLS-II is possible, but depends on R&D and LCLS-II project schedule
SC-LinacHXUCu-Linac
1 MHz,1 - 7+ keV
120 Hz,1 - 25 keV,1 TW (4 keV)
SCU
or
switch
0.2-1.3 keV
120 Hz
1 MHz SXU
P.E., N. Holtkamp, H.-D. Nuhn, SLAC;C. Doose, J. Fuerst, Q. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov, M. Kasa, G. Pile, E. Trakhtenberg, E. Gluskin, ANL;D. Arbelaez, J. Corlett, S. Myers, S. Prestemon, R. Schlueter, LBNL