OWL Design and Tools - DAML.org · OWL Design and Tools Bell Labs Research & University of Manchester Peter F. Patel-Schneider Ian Horrocks ... Turn DL test cases into OWL test cases.

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OWL Design and Tools

Bell Labs Research &University of Manchester

Peter F. Patel-SchneiderIan Horrocks““WinterWinter”” 20042004

OWL Design and ToolsOverall Program Summary

Basic Goals:1. Design ontology language(s)

for Semantic Web.2. Build reasoning and UI tools

for Semantic Web ontology languages.

Technical Strategy and Research Elements:1. Transfer Description Logics

(DLs) into Semantic Web setting.

2. Augment DL tools to handle new demands.

Semantic Web⇓Web

OWL Design and ToolsTechnical Problems and Approaches

1. Harmonizing DLs and the Semantic Web (c 2001)• Continuing work from OIL (www.ontoknowledge.org/oil)• Harmonizing Syntax

• Provide XML and RDF syntaxes for DL constructs• E.g., break up DL restrictions into three RDF triples

• Harmonizing Expressive Power• Tune DL constructs to Semantic Web

• E.g., use of XML Schema datatypes via XML attributes

• Harmonizing Semantics• Semantics, what semantics?

• Just use existing DL semantics with minor tweaks

Result: DAML+OIL (from Joint Committee)

OWL Design and ToolsTechnical Problems and Approaches

2. Harmonizing DLs and the Semantic Web (c 2003)• Harmonizing divergent demands

• Abstract syntax for OWL• Three species of OWL (OWL Lite, OWL DL, OWL Full)

• Harmonizing with changes to RDF (Minor tweaks to syntax)• Harmonizing with new RDF semantics

• Build new direct model theory for OWL to incorporate entailment• Basically a slight extension of existing DL model theories

• Build RDF-compatible model theory for OWL• Several technical challenges to overcome• Pull in ideas from various logical settings

• Characterize compatibility of the approaches• Turn DL test cases into OWL test cases

Result: W3C OWL Web Ontology Language(Success has many parents, but failure is an orphan. [unknown])(Success has many parents, but failure is an orphan. [unknown])

OWL Design and ToolsTechnical Problems and Approaches

3. Harmonizing DL tools and the Semantic Web• Characterization of OWL in RDF/XML form• New tools for checking OWL

• OWLP and Manchester species validators for OWL Lite, DL, and Full• Harmonizing interfaces - DAML+OIL/OWL API• Harmonizing editors - OilEd ontology editor OWL interfaces• New reasoning tools

• FACT++ reasoner for OWL Lite; Hoolet reasoner for OWL Full, using Vampire FOL reasoner; Ontology instance store; OWLP reasoner for OWL DL; Prototype OQL server for OWL DL ontologies; Hoolet SWRL reasoner

Results: OWLP parser and reasoner; Hoolet reasoner; new FaCT interface; OilEd ontology editor

OWL Design and ToolsTechnical Problems and Approaches

4. Beyond OWL• Query language for DAML+OIL/OWL• Horn-clause style rules

• Maintain compatibility with Semantic Web vision • (as much as possible)

• XML syntax• RDF/XML syntax (but not with compatible semantics)

• FOL constructs• Maintain compatibility …• XML syntax

Results: DQL, SWRL, SWRL FOL

OWL Design and Tools Technical Progress (Languages)

• DAML+OIL Language Design – Retaining DL characteristics of OIL

• W3C OWL Web Ontology Language– Reached recommendation status– OWL API

• RDF-compatible semantics for OWL– Complete, paradox-free semantics – Correspondence proofs

• SWRL and SWRL FOL– Syntax and semantics design

OWL Design and Tools Technical Progress (Tools)

• OWL species validators– Characterization of OWL DL in RDF/XML– OWLP and Manchester validator software available

• OWL DL and Full reasoners– Interface to use FaCT and DLP as partial OWL DL reasoners– Hoolet reasoner for OWL Full using VAMPIRE FOL reasoner– OWLP reasoner for OWL DL (in progress)

• Other tools– OilEd OWL ontology editor– OQL query server– OWL Instance Store– Hoolet SWRL reasoner

OWL Design and Tools Milestones and Accomplishments

2001: DAML+OIL design, syntax and semanticsSubmission to W3C www.w3.org/Submission/2001/12

2002: W3C Web Ontology Language Working GroupOWL design compromises (multiple levels, dual semantics)

2003: W3C OWL Proposed Rec. www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOntIn particular, expressive power and semantics

SWRL Semantic Web Rule LanguageBasic design, syntax, and semantics

DLP OWL parser and reasonerOilEd Ontology Building Tool

2004: W3C OWL Web Ontology Language RecommendationSWRL submission to W3C http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/03/SWRL FOL basic design and syntax http://www.daml.org/2004/11/fol/Hoolet OWL and SWRL reasoner

OWL Design and ToolsTransition/Handoff (Languages)

• Language Design– DAML+OIL W3C Member Submission

(http://www.w3.org/Submission/2001/12/, http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil-index.html)

– W3C OWL Web Ontology Language recommendation (http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/)

– SWRL W3C Member Submission (http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/03/, http://www.daml.org/rules/proposal)

– SWRL FOL (http://www.daml.org/2004/11/fol/)• Papers

– AAAI, IJCAI, WWW, ISWC, Journal of Web Semantics,…

OWL Design and ToolsTransition/Handoff (Tools)

• Documents– Characterization of OWL in RDF/XML

• Software (all available for research use)– OilEd Ontology editor (http://oiled.man.ac.uk/)– FaCT reasoner upgrades

(http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/FaCT/)– Hoolet reasoner (http://owl.man.ac.uk/hoolet/)– DLP parser and reasoner (http://www-db.research.bell-

labs.com/user/pfps/dlp/)– …

OWL Design and Tools Remaining Issues

• Extend standard DL approach• Use automata techniques• Try translation(s) to FOL ?

Complete, effectivereasoners for OWL DL

• Let a thousand syntaxes bloomFixing the W3C Semantic Web vision

• Needs advances in both (DL) theory and user interfacesGreat Ontology UI Tools

Proposed Solution(s)Issue

OWL Design and Tools Summary

Slogan: Description Logics for the real world– Description Logics can underpin ontology languages

such as DAML+OIL and OWL– Description Logic tools can be used for actual reasoning

Results: W3C OWL Web Ontology LanguageDLP/FaCT++/Hoolet/OilEd reasoners/toolsOther OWL reasoners (e.g., Pellet)Other OWL tools (e.g., Protégé OWL plugin)

OWL Design and ToolsScreen Shots

OilVizHoolet

OilEd

OWL Design and ToolsInvited Talks and Tutorials

Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). Seattle, Aug. 2001.Int. Conf. on Advances in Database Technology (EDBT). Prague, March 2002.SIKS/Ontoweb Master Class. Amsterdam, Netherlands, April 2002.Int. Conf. on Automated Deduction (CADE). Copenhagen, Denmark, July 2002ECAI PLANET workshop. Lyon, France, July 2002.Int. Workshop on Agents in Bioinformatics (NETTAB). Bologna, Italy, July 2002XML UK Conference. London, UK, October, 2002.Int. Semantic Web Conf. (ISWC). Sanibel Island, FL, October 2003.HP Labs. Bristol, UK, January, 2004.Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. Whistler, BC, June 2004.Mexican International Conference on Computer Science. Colima, September 2004.National University of Mexico (UNAM). Mexico City, Mexico, September 2004.CASCON. Toronto, Canada, October 2004.Int. Conf. on Intelligent Information Processing (ICIIP). Beijing, China, October 2004.University of Quebec at Montreal. Montreal, Canada, November 2004.University of Waterloo. Waterloo, Canada, November 2004.

OWL Design and ToolsPapers

D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, I. Horrocks, D. McGuinness, and P. F. Patel-Schneider. OIL: An ontology infrastructure for the semantic web. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 16(2):38-45, 2001.

S. Bechhofer, I. Horrocks, C. Goble, and R. Stevens. OilEd: a reason-able ontology editor for the semantic web. In Proc. of KI 2001, pages 396-408. Springer-Verlag, 2001.

I. Horrocks and U. Sattler. Ontology reasoning in the SHOQ(Dn) description logic. In B. Nebel, editor, Proc. of IJCAI 2001, pages 199-204. Morgan Kaufmann 2001.

I. Horrocks and P. Patel-Schneider. The generation of DAML+OIL. In Proc. of DL 2001, pages 30-35. CEUR, 2001.

Ian Horrocks, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Frank van Harmelen. Reviewing the design of DAML+OIL: An ontology language for the semantic web. In Proc. of AAAI 2002, pages 792-797. AAAI Press, 2002.

Franz Baader, Ian Horrocks, and Ulrike Sattler. Description logics for the semantic web. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz, 16(4):57-59, 2002.

Peter F. Patel-Schneider. Two Proposals for a Semantic Web Ontology Language. In Proc. of DL 2002. CEUR, 2002.

Ian Horrocks and Sergio Tessaris. Querying the semantic web: a formal approach. In Proc. of ISWC 2002, pages 177-191. Springer-Verlag, 2002.

Peter F. Patel-Schneider and Dieter Fensel. Layering the Semantic Web: Problems and Directions In Proc. of ISWC 2002. Springer-Verlag, 2002.

Ian Horrocks. DAML+OIL: a reason-able web ontology language. In Proc. of EDBT 2002, pages 2-13. Springer-Verlag, 2002.

Ian Horrocks, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Frank van Harmelen. From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: The making of a web ontology language. J. of Web Semantics, 1(1):7-26, 2003.

Ian Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. Three theses of representation in the semantic web. In Proc. of WWW 2003, pages 39-47. ACM, 2003.

Ian Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. Reducing OWL entailment to description logic satisfiability. In Proc. of ISWC 2003, pages 17-29. Springer, 2003.

Jeff Pan and Ian Horrocks. Web ontology reasoning with datatype groups. In Proc. of ISWC 2003, pages 47-63. Springer, 2003.

Jeff Pan and Ian Horrocks. RDFS(FA) and RDF MT: Two semantics for RDFS. In Proc. of ISWC 2003, pages 30-46. Springer, 2003.

Benjamin N. Grosof, Ian Horrocks, Raphael Volz, and Stefan Decker. Description logic programs: Combining logic programs with description logic. In Proc. of WWW 2003, pages 48-57. ACM, 2003.

Ian Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. A proposal for an OWL rules language. In Proc. of WWW 2004, pages 723-731. ACM, 2004.

Bijan Parsia and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. Meaning and the Semantic Web. In Proc. of WWW 2004. ACM, 2004.

Ian Horrocks and Peter Patel-Schneider. Reducing OWL entailment to description logic satisfiability. J. of Web Semantics, 1(4):345-357, 2004.

Ian Horrocks and Ulrike Sattler. Decidability of SHIQ with complex role inclusion axioms. Artificial Intelligence, 160(1-2):79-104, December 2004.

Carsten Lutz, Carlos Areces, Ian Horrocks, and Ulrike Sattler. Keys, nominals, and concrete domains. J. of Artificial Intelligence Research, 2004.

Peter F. Patel-Schneider. What is OWL (and why should I care)? Ninth International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Whistler, Canada, June 2004.

Richard Fikes, Patrick Hayes, and Ian Horrocks. OWL-QL--a language for deductive query answering on the Semantic Web. J. of Web Semantics, 2004.

Lei Li and Ian Horrocks. A software framework for matchmaking based on semantic web technology. Int. J. of Electronic Commerce, 8(4):39-60, 2004.

Dmitry Tsarkov, Alexandre Riazanov, Sean Bechhofer, and Ian Horrocks. Using Vampire to reason with OWL. In Proc. of ISWC 2004, pages 471-485. Springer, 2004.

Ian Horrocks, Lei Li, Daniele Turi, and Sean Bechhofer. The instance store: DL reasoning with large numbers of individuals. In Proc. of DL 2004, pages 31-40, CEUR, 2004.

Peter F. Patel-Schneider. The Semantic Web and Knowledge Representation. Fifth Mexican International Conference on Computer Science (ENC 2004), Colima, Mexico, September 2004.

OWL Design and ToolsCalibration Tool

D. Fensel, F. van Harmelen, I. Horrocks, D. McGuinness, and P. F. Patel-Schneider. OIL: An ontology infrastructure for the semantic web. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 16(2):38-45, 2001.

S. Bechhofer, I. Horrocks, C. Goble, and R. Stevens. OilEd: a reason-able ontology editor for the semantic web. In Proc. of KI 2001, pages 396-408. Springer-Verlag, 2001.

I. Horrocks and U. Sattler. Ontology reasoning in the SHOQ(Dn) description logic. In B. Nebel, editor, Proc. of IJCAI 2001, pages 199-204. Morgan Kaufmann 2001.

I. Horrocks and P. Patel-Schneider. The generation of DAML+OIL. In Proc. of DL 2001, pages 30-35. CEUR, 2001.

Ian Horrocks, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Frank van Harmelen. Reviewing the design of DAML+OIL: An ontology language for the semantic web. In Proc. of AAAI 2002, pages 792-797. AAAI Press, 2002.

Franz Baader, Ian Horrocks, and Ulrike Sattler. Description logics for the semantic web. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz, 16(4):57-59, 2002.

Peter F. Patel-Schneider. Two Proposals for a Semantic Web Ontology Language. In Proc. of DL 2002. CEUR, 2002.

Ian Horrocks and Sergio Tessaris. Querying the semantic web: a formal approach. In Proc. of ISWC 2002, pages 177-191. Springer-Verlag, 2002.

Peter F. Patel-Schneider and Dieter Fensel. Layering the Semantic Web: Problems and Directions In Proc. of ISWC 2002. Springer-Verlag, 2002.

Ian Horrocks. DAML+OIL: a reason-able web ontology language. In Proc. of EDBT 2002, pages 2-13. Springer-Verlag, 2002.

Ian Horrocks, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Frank van Harmelen. From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: The making of a web ontology language. J. of Web Semantics, 1(1):7-26, 2003.

Ian Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. Three theses of representation in the semantic web. In Proc. of WWW 2003, pages 39-47. ACM, 2003.

Ian Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. Reducing OWL entailment to description logic satisfiability. In Proc. of ISWC 2003, pages 17-29. Springer, 2003.

Jeff Pan and Ian Horrocks. Web ontology reasoning with datatype groups. In Proc. of ISWC 2003, pages 47-63. Springer, 2003.

Jeff Pan and Ian Horrocks. RDFS(FA) and RDF MT: Two semantics for RDFS. In Proc. of ISWC 2003, pages 30-46. Springer, 2003.

Benjamin N. Grosof, Ian Horrocks, Raphael Volz, and Stefan Decker. Description logic programs: Combining logic programs with description logic. In Proc. of WWW 2003, pages 48-57. ACM, 2003.

Ian Horrocks and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. A proposal for an OWL rules language. In Proc. of WWW 2004, pages 723-731. ACM, 2004.

Bijan Parsia and Peter F. Patel-Schneider. Meaning and the Semantic Web. In Proc. of WWW 2004. ACM, 2004.

Ian Horrocks and Peter Patel-Schneider. Reducing OWL entailment to description logic satisfiability. J. of Web Semantics, 1(4):345-357, 2004.

Ian Horrocks and Ulrike Sattler. Decidability of SHIQ with complex role inclusion axioms. Artificial Intelligence, 160(1-2):79-104, December 2004.

Carsten Lutz, Carlos Areces, Ian Horrocks, and Ulrike Sattler. Keys, nominals, and concrete domains. J. of Artificial Intelligence Research, 2004.

Peter F. Patel-Schneider. What is OWL (and why should I care)? Ninth International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Whistler, Canada, June 2004.

Richard Fikes, Patrick Hayes, and Ian Horrocks. OWL-QL--a language for deductive query answering on the Semantic Web. J. of Web Semantics, 2004.

Lei Li and Ian Horrocks. A software framework for matchmaking based on semantic web technology. Int. J. of Electronic Commerce, 8(4):39-60, 2004.

Dmitry Tsarkov, Alexandre Riazanov, Sean Bechhofer, and Ian Horrocks. Using Vampire to reason with OWL. In Proc. of ISWC 2004, pages 471-485. Springer, 2004.

Ian Horrocks, Lei Li, Daniele Turi, and Sean Bechhofer. The instance store: DL reasoning with large numbers of individuals. In Proc. of DL 2004, pages 31-40, CEUR, 2004.

Peter F. Patel-Schneider. The Semantic Web and Knowledge Representation. Fifth Mexican International Conference on Computer Science (ENC 2004), Colima, Mexico, September 2004.

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