Overview of Electrical Energy Storage Requirements and Technologies Prof. G.R. Tynan MAE 119 UC San Diego
Overview of Electrical Energy Storage Requirements and
Technologies
Prof. G.R. Tynan MAE 119
UC San Diego
Significant daily and seasonal load variaFons occur
Denholm, 2010 NREL
Load Following & RegulaFon
Denholm, NREL 2010
OpFmal (lowest cost) & Reserve Contraint Requirements Impact GeneraFon Dispatch Planning
Denholm, NREL 2010
Historical uses and needs for energy storage in grid w/ renewables
Denholm, NREL 2010
Historical uses and needs for energy storage in grid w/ renewables (cont’d)
Denholm, NREL 2010
Renewable Electrical Energy GeneraFon is Growing
Economist, 2017
Renewable Electrical Energy GeneraFon is Growing
U.S. DOE EIA
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2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Annu
al Electric
al Ene
rgy Prod
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Annual US Wind Energy Produc2on
Wind Energy ~4% of US Demand In 2016
Diurnal & Seasonal Variability of Wind & Solar ProducFon
Solar
CEC, 2010
Wind
Similar example of wind variability in Germany
Source: E.On Netz, “Wind Report 2005
Q: What is impact of increased variable generaFon (VG) on power grid?
Q: What is impact of increased variable generaFon (VG) on power grid?
A: Increases in Uncertainty in Net Load, Ramp Range
Denholm, NREL 2010
Q: What is impact of variable generaFon (VG) on power grid?
• Increased need for frequency regulaFon • Increased ramp rate for dispatchable sources • Increased uncertainty in net load (aaer VG is removed)
• Increased ramp range for dispatchable sources
• Net impact: ~5-‐10% increase in energy costs at moderate wind market fracFon (i.e. ~10%)
Denholm, NREL 2010
Dispatch schedule for low wind market share
Denholm, NREL 2010
Dispatch schedule for larger wind market share
Denholm, NREL 2010
Dispatch schedule for larger wind market share
Denholm, NREL 2010
Curtailment Of VG Power
Evidence that this occurs… producers selling energy below their costs…
Denholm, NREL 2010
Evidence that this occurs… producers selling energy below their costs…
Denholm, NREL 2010
More flexible convenFonal system reduces VG curtailment è will permit higher economic VG fracFon
Denholm NREL 2010
ERCOT Study wFh 19GW Wind /11GW Solar; 61GW peak demand
Storage enables higher economic VG market fracFon
Denholm, NREL 2010
Storage reduced VG curtailment è VG market fracFon
Denholm, NREL 2010
Range of Storage Technologies Exist
Denholm, NREL 2010
Key Elements of Storage Technologies
• Peak power • Total Energy/Operable Time • Response Fme • Round-‐trip efficiency • Cost • Technology readiness
Storage Technologies
• Capacitors • SuperconducFng Coils • Compressed Air
Storage Technologies
Energy Storage Report, APS 2007