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OverviewWater Resources Engineering
By. Cita Adiningrum, ST., MT.
Water Resources Engineering (WRE)
Its about the conception, planning, and execution of designs to
make use ofthe water (water utilization) or avoid damage from to
much water (watercontrolling).
Water controlling : to control of water so it will not cause
excessivedamage to property, inconvenience to the public, or loss
of life.
Ex : flood mitigation, storm drainage, sewerage, highway culvert
.
Water utilization : to utilize the water for beneficial
purposes.Ex : municipal water supply, irrigation,
hydroelectric-powerdevelopment, navigation improvement , pollution
control
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Problem Identifications (1)
Water quantity too much (Wet Periods Floods)too little (Dry
Periods Drought)
Water queue Dry river
Floods, Jakarta
The nature of water availability variesboth time and space.
WA = f (x,t)
Problem Identifications (2)
Water quality pure quality of water resourcePollution threatens
the utility of water for municipal and irrigation uses andseriously
despoils the aesthetic value of river.
Jl. Thamrin, Banjir Feb. 1996, Majalah Alami
Polluted river
Clean river
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Resourcesfor life
Protection/conservationof resources
Over Exploitation of resources
. .
6 billion people in the world Plain forest Trash in Manggarai
gate
National Geographic Pers Jakarta
21st Century population 4X, globalconsumption of fresh water
7X
Demand Behavior
Multi purposeMulti sectorWhich will lead to competitive use and
conflicting objectives.
Jl. Thamrin, Banjir Feb. 1996, Majalah Alami
General approach for obtaining solution
Establishment of water resources developmentprogram
System engineering and system analysis Tools : simulation and
optimization using
mathematic model.
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Studies & Facilities Required to solve theProblems of
WRE
How much water is needed? How much water can be expected?
Quantitative
Hydrology Probability Concepts in Planning Who may use the
water? What kind of water is it? Chemical Bacteriological
Sediment What structural problems exist? Does project affect
wild life or natural beauty? Is the project economic?
Although water covers nearly three-quarters of the earth, most
isundrinkable seawater. Less than 3 percent is fresh water, and
only a fractionof that is available for human use; the rest is
locked in ice caps and glaciers.
Water Resource
Wateras anasset
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The fact is the total amount of water on Earth is relatively the
sameeven when the Earth was created. The changes is form of water
(freshwater / saline water) (surface
water/groundwater)(freshwater/contaminated water).
If it is true, why in Dry season the water is scarce ?
Water never goes awayThis picture of the water (hydrologic)
cycle shows how our planetrecycles water.
Water uses
The amount of precipitation falling on land is almost 110 000
km3 peryear. Almost two-thirds of this amount evaporates from the
ground ortranspires from vegetation (forest, rangeland,
cropland).The remaining 40 000 km3 per year is converted to surface
runoff(feeding rivers and lakes) and groundwater (feeding
aquifers). These arecalled renewable freshwater resources. Part of
this water is beingremoved from these rivers or aquifers by
installing infrastructure. Thisremoval of water is called water
withdrawal. Most of the withdrawnwater is returned to the
environment some period of time later, after ithas been used. The
quality of the returned water may be less than thequality when it
was originally removed.
three types of water withdrawal are distinguished
:AgriculturalMunicipal (including Domestic)Industrial water
withdrawal.
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the withdrawal ratios are 70 percentagricultural, 11 percent
municipal and 19percent industrial.
But its biased strongly by the fewcountries which have very high
waterwithdrawal.
Averaging the ratios of each individualcountry, we find that
"for any givencountry" these ratios are 59, 23 and 18percent
respectively.But the ratios also vary much betweenregions
Developing / Developed country
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What is the meaning of :
Water use
Water withdrawn
Water consumed
Give an example (picture or data) that can strengthen your
answer.
Vocabularies
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Topics for presentation
Potency and Utilization of Water Resource
Rainwater (1)
Surface water (Freshwater) River and Waterfall (2)Lake and
Reservoir (3)
(Brackishwater) Swamp (4)
(Brinewater) Coastal and Seashore (5)
Groundwater Spring (6)Aquifer : Unconfined, Confined, Artesian
Aquifer (7)
Underground river in Karst area (8)
Water quantity problem & Solution : Floods (9) and Drought
(10)
(Freshwater)
(Freshwater)
After Mid
Water Management, Water Conservation, andOptimization for
PlanningWater Law / Water Legal
Water Management
WR Optimization using Mathematical ModelLinier, Non Linier, and
Dynamic Programming
UUD 1945 Pasal 33UU No.7 Tahun 2004 tentang SDA
PerMen No. 63 Th 1993 tentang Sempadan SungaiPP No.38 Th 2011
tentang Sungai
Integrated (terpadu/multisektor) ; Sustainable (and Conservation
-Antar generasi dan Berwawasan Lingkungan) Water Management
River basin district
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The Ilustration of Water Resources Management
( One River One Plan One Integrated Management )
Water Resources Development Public Corporation JapanWater
Resources Development Public Corporation, Japan
Concept
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Implementation of IWRM (1)
Good Governance
Transparency is a mustSupervision by many stakeholder
Participative in decision makingStrategy will be decided
together
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Good Governance
Fair and non discriminatingEnhance public accountability
Equity in providingProfessionalism in services
Implementation of IWRM (2)
Wise and optimal utilizationResponsive to aspiration and
complaints
Good Governance
Implementation of IWRM (3)
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Scope of Activities
1.Catchment area management
2.Water quantity management
3.Water quality management
4.Flood management
5.River environment management
6.Water resource infrastructure management
Catchment area management
Wrong land management Terasering system
PERUM JASA TIRTA I
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Water quantity management
Water warranty for basic necessities of life, food, economy, and
ecosystem
Ditjen SDA
Water quality management
PERUM JASA TIRTA I NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
Polluted river versus clean river
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www.bom.gov.auBureau of Meteorology Australian Government
Stream gauge & stationtelemetry in South Dakota Flood
sirine
Flood managementFlood Warning System
River environment management
RIVERS OF JAPANKompas, 06 07 03
Floodplain Ciliwung River and Yodo river
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No Levee
With Levee
Water resource infrastructuremanagement
Perum Jasa Tirta I
Dam safety monitoring and O & M of reservoir