Overview of Tissues Overview of Tissues Learning Objectives Identify the four primary tissues Compare and contrast primary tissue structure and function Identify examples of epithelial and connective tissue and where they are located Compare and contrast the structure and function of epithelial and connective tissue types Identify the three types of epithelial membranes
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Overview of Tissues Learning Objectives Identify the four primary tissues Compare and contrast primary tissue structure and function Identify examples.
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Overview of TissuesOverview of Tissues
Learning ObjectivesIdentify the four primary tissuesCompare and contrast primary tissue structure and function Identify examples of epithelial and connective tissue and where they are locatedCompare and contrast the structure and function of epithelial and connective tissue typesIdentify the three types of epithelial membranes
HistologyHistology
The science that deals with the The science that deals with the study of tissues.study of tissues.
Hist –Hist – tissue tissue ologyology – – study ofstudy of
Overview of Epithelial Overview of Epithelial TissueTissue
Covering and Lining EpitheliumCovering and Lining Epithelium Covers body surfacesCovers body surfaces Lines body cavities, hollow organs Lines body cavities, hollow organs
and ductsand ductsGlandularGlandular Forms glandsForms glands
Epi – Epi – on top on top thelium - thelium - coveringcovering
General Features of General Features of EpitheliumEpithelium Consists of packed cells with little Consists of packed cells with little
extracellular material between themextracellular material between them Cells are arranged in continuous sheets, Cells are arranged in continuous sheets,
in either single or multiple layersin either single or multiple layers Have a free surface and a basal surfaceHave a free surface and a basal surface
– Lumen – the hollow space in an organ or tubeLumen – the hollow space in an organ or tube Are Are avascular : a- avascular : a- without without vascular-vascular-
blood vesselsblood vessels Have nerve supplyHave nerve supply High capacity for renewal by cell divisionHigh capacity for renewal by cell division
Functions of Functions of EpitheliumEpithelium ProtectionProtection SecretionSecretion AbsorptionAbsorption ExcretionExcretion Sensory receptionSensory reception Generation of gametesGeneration of gametes
Types of Epithelial Tissue
Covering and Lining Covering and Lining EpitheliumEpithelium
Classification by shapeClassification by shape Squamous - flatSquamous - flat Cuboidal – cubes or hexagonsCuboidal – cubes or hexagons Columnar – tall, rectangular and Columnar – tall, rectangular and
cylindricalcylindrical Transitional – range in shape from Transitional – range in shape from
flat to columnar and often change flat to columnar and often change shapeshape
Classification by Arrangement of LayersClassification by Arrangement of Layers Simple – single layer in areas of diffusion, Simple – single layer in areas of diffusion,
osmosis, filtration, secretion and osmosis, filtration, secretion and absorptionabsorption
Stratified – two or more layers used for Stratified – two or more layers used for protecting underlying tissuesprotecting underlying tissues
Pseudostratified columnar – contains one Pseudostratified columnar – contains one layer, appears to have several layers but layer, appears to have several layers but not all cells reach the surface, ciliated or not all cells reach the surface, ciliated or secrete mucoussecrete mucous
Single layer, nonciliated, rectangular, cylindrical Single layer, nonciliated, rectangular, cylindrical cells, nucleus at base, contain goblet cells, some cells, nucleus at base, contain goblet cells, some have microvillihave microvilli
Goblet cells make and secrete mucusGoblet cells make and secrete mucus
Lines GI, respiratory, reproductive and urinary Lines GI, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tractstracts
Function: secretion and absorptionFunction: secretion and absorption
Single layer, ciliated, rectangular, cylindrical cells, Single layer, ciliated, rectangular, cylindrical cells, nucleus at base, some goblet cellsnucleus at base, some goblet cells
Lines portions of trachea and upper respiratory tract, Lines portions of trachea and upper respiratory tract, Fallopian tubes, uterus, some paranasal sinuses Fallopian tubes, uterus, some paranasal sinuses and central canal of the spinal cordand central canal of the spinal cord
Function: moves mucus and other substances Function: moves mucus and other substances
Not true stratified tissue, cells at different Not true stratified tissue, cells at different layers, all cells attached to basement layers, all cells attached to basement membrane, only some reach surfacemembrane, only some reach surface
Ciliated lines airways of most of the upper Ciliated lines airways of most of the upper respiratory tract (trachea)respiratory tract (trachea)
Function: secretion and movement of mucusFunction: secretion and movement of mucus
Pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glandsPituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands
Exocrine –Exocrine – glands with ducts glands with ducts
Sweat and salivary glandsSweat and salivary glands
Connective TissueConnective Tissue
General FeaturesGeneral Features Two basic elements: cells and a matrixTwo basic elements: cells and a matrix Does not occur on body surfacesDoes not occur on body surfaces Has a nerve supply, except cartilageHas a nerve supply, except cartilage Usually highly vascular except cartilage Usually highly vascular except cartilage
(avascular) and tendons(avascular) and tendons Various tissue types confer a variety of functionsVarious tissue types confer a variety of functions
Two Major TypesTwo Major Types Embryonic – found in the embryo and fetusEmbryonic – found in the embryo and fetus Mature – present in newborns to adultsMature – present in newborns to adults