Overview of rural road development in nepal.Msc Class presentation at Nepal engineering college

Overview of Rural Road development in Nepal

Nabaraj Poudel,

CRN: 014-1217, M.S.C.(TEAM)

16-10-2014 1

Acronyms AWR All Weather Road

DDC District development committee

DOR Department of Road

DOLIDAR Department of local infrastructure Development and

Agricultural Road

DFID Department for international development

DTO District Technical Office

DTMP District Transport Master Plan

FWT Fair Weather Track

FWR Fair weather Road

GON Government of Nepal

GTZ German Technical cooperation

LRIP Local Road Improvement Programme

SDC Swiss Agency For Development & Cooperation

VDC Village Development committee

LRN Local Road Network

2

History

• In Nepal, the technological development of low-cost,

environment friendly rural road based on people s

participation has been taking place since the mid 1980s.

• The local road improvement programme (LRIP) supported

by GTZ and helvetas in Palpa district implemented the

environment friendly improvement and construction of 96

km of road in 1986.

• GTZ supported the construction of 65 km of environment-

friendly road in Dhading district in 1987.

• With the advent of Multiparty democracy in 1989,there has

been a tremendous demand of constructing rural road in

rural areas.

16-10-2014 Source:Ministry of local

development,LGCDP,UNDP,UNEP 3

Stages of Rural Road development

in Nepal

• Rural infrastructure were constructed by DOR

before the establishment of DOLIDAR.

• DOLIDAR was established later in 2055 under

the ministry of local development.

• Later in 2058 district technical offices were

established in 75 district of the country

• After then all the rural road & infrastructure

were constructed by DDC under technical

support of DTO. 16-10-2014 4

Background

Nepal rural road standards(NRSS) were introduced in 2055 BS to set the classification & geometric design standards for Local road Network(LRN) to be followed by all involving in the road development network including user committees,VDCs,DDCs,DTOs,DOLIDAR and its development partners.

It was revised in 2010 AD in which existing district road were reclassified as district road A and all previous village roads were reclassified as district roads B with no change in their geometric parameters.

In march 2012 AD, Nepal road sector assesment study was completed together with recommendation regarding simplifying DTMP to make it easier to understand,cheaper to implement and less time consuming.

16-10-2014 SOURCE: Nepal Rural Road Standard(2055) 1ST revision.

5

Background cont…

This review concluded that LRN investment should change its approach to new construction & concentrate on upgrading to a core network of maintainable,all-weather road linking the district centre to the VDC HQs office or growth centre.

The all-weather construction of the core network has meant that the design speed of district road has had to be increased which has prompted a review of geometric design standards for LRN.

16-10-2014 SOURCE: Nepal Rural Road Standard(2055) 1ST revision.

6

Rural road classification

Smaller road not falling under District Road(core network)category are Village roads,including other Agriculture road.

Village Road

District Road (Core Network)

Important Road joining VDCs HQs office or Nearest economic centre to the district headquarters, via either a neighbouring district headquarters or Strategic road network

16-10-2014 SOURCE: NRRS(2055) 3

‘ural road lassifi ation ont…..

• But overall Rural transport linkages in Nepal

are classified in to three categories:

16-10-2014 SOURCE: DTMP Panchthar 8

Two classes in road category

Two classes in trail category

One class in ropeway category

• Strategic

function(natio-

nal

integration) • Public demand Function of linkage

• Increase in opportunities

Level of users • Direct relation with geometric dimension • Technical standard(eart-hern, graveled & paved)

Traffic Volume

• Environmentally sensitive area

Topography

16-10-2014 SOURCE: DTMP Panchthar

9

Criteria for classification

16-10-2014 SOURCE: DTMP Panchthar

10

Finally

According to National transport policy

2058

• Local road system:

Roads those are not the parts of central road system and where project

formulation ,construction, maintenance and repair have to be done by

local institution shall be classified as local road system.

• The road system may be: District road

Village road

Agricultural road

Main trails/Mule tracks

Village trails/Mule tracks

16-10-2014 11

National Planning Commission(NPC)

Ministry of finance

Ministry of Local development

DOLIDAR

District development committees

VDCs & Communities

16-10-2014 Source: Nepal Rural Road

standards(2055) 1st Revision 5

Planning Framework of Rural road

Rural road networking in Nepal as per 2012

S.N Description Rural road Length (km) Total

Blacktopped Gravel Earthen

1 Eastern

development

region

173 3015 6248 9436

2 Central

development

region

679 4977 13095 18751

3 Western

development

region

646 2377 11258 14282

4 Mid western

development reg.

77 2378 3139 5594

5 Far western

development reg.

0 1855 1026 2881

Total 1576 14602 34766 50944

16-10-2014 Source: Rural road inventory

2069(DOLIDAR) 13

Appli a le only for ‘ural ‘oad Class A , B , C and D

16-10-2014 SOURCE: DTMP

14

Design standard

16-10-2014 SOURCE: DTMP

15

Design standard ont…..

16-10-2014 SOURCE: DTMP

16

Design standard ont…..

Major policy framework of GON

for Rural infrastructure

16-10-2014 17

Agricultural perspective plan,APP(1997-2017)

National transport policy,2001

Poverty Reduction strategy paper 2001

A 20-year road plan 2002-2022

Priority investment plan 1997

Local self government act 1999 and regulation 2000

Major policy framework of GON for

‘ural infrastru ture ont…..

16-10-2014 18

National plan for rural road maintenance 1999

Local infrastructure development policy 2061

Nepal Road Board act 2002

National 3 year interim plan 2062-2065

Agricultural Perspective plan,APP(1997-2017) • The agricultural road investment in the APP is essential to the high value

commodity strategy i.e. to connect by all weather road for boosting

production of high economic value fruits and herbs production pocket in

the hills and mountains for commercial purpose wherever feasible.

16-10-2014 Source:Business paper,Bhim upadhya 19

Ecologica

l zone

20 years Target Phase 1(first 10 yrs

target)

Phase 2(second 10 yrs

target)

Physical

km

Financial Rs

million

Physical

km

Financial

Rs million

Physical

km

Financial Rs

million

Terai 3400

2805 3400

2805

0

Hill 1950 4875

1428

3570

522

1305

Mountain 850

4250 318 1590 532 2660

Total 6200

11930

5146

7965

1054

3965

National Transport Policy of

Nepal 2001 • The principal objective of the policy is to develop

a reliable, cost effective, safe facility oriented and

sustainable transport system that promotes and

sustains the economic,social,cultural and tourism

development of Nepal as a whole.

• The strategies pinpointed are the responsibility

demarcation between central and local level,

decentralized governance system by utilizing the

local level resources and private sector

involvement.

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Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2001

• Poverty was explicitly stated as an objective only

since the sixth plan in 1980.

• The action for the approach include policy

changes, institutional reforms and implementing

targeted programs and projects.

• GON has established poverty alleviation fund to

strengthen, coordinate, support and monitor

targeted activities directed towards meeting the

goal of poverty reduction focusing community

preferences.

16-10-2014 21

A 20-Year Road Plan(2002-2022)

• The road density for 10000 population and 100 sq km are

6.68 and 10.4 respectively which are comparatively lower

then other countries in the south Asian region.

• This plan has made an urgent change of strategy to

concentrate resources in a limited number of prioritized

road projects to ensure that the projects are completed

within a reasonable period of time.

• A total of 4040 km roads are to be newly built in the plan

period.

16-10-2014 22

Local self government act 1999 and

Regulation 2000.

• Nepal has two tier system of governance viz. central

and local and three types of local government and units

called local bodies viz. village

development committees(VDCs) ,Municipalities and

District Development Committees(DDCs)

• The local bodies are governed by a separate Local self

government act 1999.

• Local bodies have institutional responsibilities, rights and

power necessary to formulate and carry out plans at local

level as per their needs ,priorities and demand.

16-10-2014 23

National strategy for Rural

Infrastructure Development 1997 • The strategy as its key objective states that the

development of basic rural infrastructure country-wide in

a planned and sustainable means by adopting the labour

based ,local resources oriented, environment friendly

means and in accordance with the decentralized

Participatory approach in line with strategy to the poverty

alleviation objective in National plan in such a way that

maximum employment income opportunity is created to

local residents.

16-10-2014 24

National Plan for rural road

maintenance 1999

• This plan is approved by the GON with the objective of

initiating regular maintenance, repair or reconstruction/

rehabilitation of built road infrastructures in the past

which have been overlooked at the cost of new

construction projects.

• The modality of the maintenance is primarily labour-based

and local resources oriented to create local employment

and income.

• Approximately 22,000 km of road to be maintained

properly is addressed by the plan.

16-10-2014 25

Local infrastructure Development

Policy 2061

• This policy identifies 7 sector as the local

infrastructures viz. Rural transport, rural drinking

water and sanitation, rural electrification, small

and middle size irrigation programms,solid waste

management, rural housing ,township program

and social infrastructures.

• For transport accessibility, it has set the basic

needs of access as 2 hours to a nearby motorable

road in the terai region and that of 4 hours in the

hills and mountain regions.

16-10-2014 26

Nepal Road Board act 2002

• It is estimated that Nepal at present has about NRs 70 billion worth of

road infrastructure asset to be maintained & operated regularly.

• The total road network including rural roads are estimated at more

than 22000 km.

• DOR is responsible government organization for maintenance of

strategic roads and local bodies are responsible for local roads

• The fund so far made has not been adequate and priority for proper

maintenance did not receive due importance in practice in the past.

• Therefore GON enacted a special act to mobilize resources

autonomously by creating its own fund under the act called Nepal Road

Board Act 2002 to take care seriously of maintenance to begin with and

later to rehabilitation and reconstruction at the minimum cost.

16-10-2014 27

Development Process of Rural Road in

Nepal

16-10-2014 Source:Rural road technical design

manual 28

Trails and

pedestrians(in the

hills and

mountains)

Investment from

the local

communities, local

authorities, donor

projects,NGOs,gove

rnment line

agencies

FWT( In the terai

and valley plains)

FWR(Basic

Access)

Initial

Capital

Investment)

AWR(Improve

d transport)

Maintenance

investment

over the

designed life

of the road

Sustained

AWR

Investment for

black toping

and other

improvement

plus

maintainance

Efficient

improved

&

sustainabl

e road

Social

Approach Economic

Approach

Steps for preparing / Updating DTMP(from

DOLIDAR Approach

16-10-2014 SOURCE: Rural road technical design

manual

29

Prepare and finalize indicative development potential map of the district

Prepare district inventory map of rural road network

Collection of demand for new transport linkages from VDCs

Prepare draft perspective plan of district rural road network

Synchronizing the draft perspective plans of adjoining district

Acceptance of the perspective plan of district rural road network

Preparation of five year rural road master plan of district

Updating year wise list of prioritized road links and approval

Indicative development potential map with market and

service center

16-10-2014 30

District road inventory map preparation

16-10-2014 31

Name and total

length of existing

road. Road

status(Blacktop/

gravel/earthen

Surface

condition(good/fair/ poor

Serviceability(all

weather/fair weather

Facts

• Some roads have been

included in the SRN

because of political

interest

• While some strategic

roads have been left as

LRN roads until they are

upgraded

16-10-2014 32

Gravelling of postal road by DDC before

transferring it to DOR as SRN road

Facts..

16-10-2014 33

Unsafe transport in the LRN Poor Earthen road surface causing

access problems during rainy season

Funding sources for rural roads(% of

LRN Budget

16-10-2014 Source: Nepal road sector assessment

study by ADB,DFID&SDC 34

Conclusion

Nepal need quality of expert in order to develop rural

infrastructures.

Foreign donors are very much interested to assist by

providing grants or loans to Nepal to develop rural

infrastructures.

Proper allocation of budget is necessary in time.

Government policy and act should be supportive to all

concerned investors and consultants

16-10-2014 35

References

• GON,WB,ADB,DFID,SDC., 2013. Nepal road sector assesment study.

Kathmandu,Nepal: World Bank

• GON,DOLIDAR., 2012. Nepal Rural Road Standard.

Kathmandu,Nepal: DOLIDAR

• Ministry of local development,LGCDP,UNDP,UNEP., 2011. Economic Analysis of Local Government Investment in Rural Road in Nepal.

Kathmandu Nepal: Ministry of Local development.

• Upadhyaya, Bhim., 2012. Rural infrastructure Development

Prospect and status of consultancy Business in Nepal. Business paper, pp. 1-11

• DDC., DTMP Panchthar district.

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Thank You

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