1 REVIEW OF NIGERIA'S RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH BY ENGR. (DR.) SOLOMON NYAGBA FNSE 1st Deputy President, Abuja Chamber Of Commerce‘ Consultant Energy/Infrastructure African Business Roundtable (ABR) Former MD/CEO Benue Cement Co. Plc. Gboko Nigeria Presentation at the West African Regional Conference on Smart, Appropriate Technologies for Rural Communities Date: July 9 – 11, 2009 Abuja, Nigeria
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1
REVIEW OF NIGERIA'S RURAL DEVELOPMENT
POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
BY
ENGR. (DR.) SOLOMON NYAGBA FNSE
1st Deputy President, Abuja Chamber Of Commerce‘
Consultant Energy/Infrastructure
African Business Roundtable (ABR)
Former MD/CEO Benue Cement Co. Plc.
Gboko Nigeria
Presentation at the West African Regional Conference on Smart, Appropriate Technologies for Rural Communities
Date: July 9 – 11, 2009
Abuja, Nigeria
2
REVIEW OF NIGERIA'S RURAL DEVELOPMENT
POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
BY
ENGR. (DR.) SOLOMON NYAGBA
Presentation Outline Introduction
Brief Review of National Policy on Integrated Rural
Development
Analysis of the Policy using SWOT Principles
Renewable Energy – A Key Implementation of Federal
Government Policy on Smart Technologies in Rural
Communities
Conclusion and Recommendation
INTRODUCTION
3
• Rural communities are the most important
sectors of the Nigerian, indeed the West
African Regional Population. There are
several reasons to support this position.
4
• Agricultural and rural developments are crucial for the
structural transformation and economic development of
West Africa Region. Agriculture contributes 20 per cent
of GDP in northern Africa and 30 per cent of GDP in sub-
Saharan Africa. The rural population represents an
average of over 60 percent of the total population on the
continent; about 90 per cent of the rural labor force
engage directly or indirectly in agricultural activities. For
the continent’s rural people, accelerated agricultural and
rural development would contribute to greater efficiency,
increased household income, improved standards of
living, and poverty reduction.
5
• Experience from the developed economies has
shown that a sound rural development policy
must posses the following key components:
– Must be sustainable
– Must be Efficient
– Must be Affordable
6
Rural Development and Sustainability
• We must all understand that sustainable development is
a strategy by which communities seek economic
development approaches that also benefit the local
environment and quality of life. It has become an
important guide to many communities that have
discovered that traditional approaches to planning and
development are creating, rather than solving, societal
and environmental problems. Where traditional
approaches can lead to congestion, sprawl, pollution and
resource over consumption, sustainable development
offers real, lasting solutions that will strengthen our
future. 7
• Sustainable development provides a
framework under which communities can use
resources efficiently, create efficient
infrastructures, protect and enhance quality
of life, and create new businesses to
strengthen their economies. It can help us
create healthy communities that can sustain
our generation, as well as those that follow
ours.
8
• Sustainable development therefore must
meet the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.
9
• My presentation will cover a
comprehensive review of the National
Policy on integrated Rural Development
of the Nigerian Government – produced by
the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Development
10
• The review will also include a SWOT
(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities
and Threats) analysis. SWOT analysis is a
basic technique that is often used in
strategic planning, improving corporate
success, organizational development and
identifying competitive advantage, so as to
achieve better understanding of the
proposed initiatives.
11
• It will be clear from the review that the demands
of Smart, Appropriate and Resource Efficient
Technologies are not clearly defined, except in
the area of Rural Energy Supply which is
covered in the Renewable Energy Master Plan
(REMP) – policy document produced by the
Energy Commission of Nigeria.
• This aspect of the policy is like part of the
implementation strategy for Smart and Efficient
Technologies for Rural Development.
12
13
OVERVIEW OF NIGERIA'S POLICY
ON
INTEGRATED RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
14
CHAPTER 1Introduction and Background
1.1 General Introduction
1.2 Meaning and Scope of Integrated Rural Development
1.3 Integrated Rural Development and the National Interest
1.4 Rural Condition in Nigeria: An Overview
1.4.1 Dimensions of Rural Poverty
1.4.2.1 Rural Mass Deprivation
1.4.2.2 Individual Deprivation
1.5 Evolution of Integrated Rural Development Policy
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CHAPTER 2
Policy Objectives And Strategies
2.1 Policy Objectives (14)
– The overview objectives of the National Policy Integrated Rural Development
draw from the national objectives of developing the rural areas, raising the quality
of life of the rural people, alleviating rural poverty and using rural development to
contribute to laying a solid foundation for national development.
2.2 Strategies for Integrated Rural Development (5)
– To achieve integrated and even development on a sustainable basis, the
strategies to be adopted will empower rural dwellers through the development of
productive employment, enhancing their income, ensuring protection of the
environment, promoting gender responsiveness and ensuring adequate care for
vulnerable group groups.
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CHAPTER 3
Priority Areas for Integrated Rural Development
3.1 Introduction
Policies are implemented through the designed and execution of programs. The National Policy on Integrated Rural Development lays special emphasis on five areas:
3.1.1 Promotion of rural productive activities;
3.1.2 Supportive human resources development;
3.1.3 Enhancement of enabling rural Infrastructure;
3.1.4 Special programs for target groups;
3.1.5 Rural community organizations and mobilization.
CHAPTER 3Priority Areas for Integrated Rural Development
cont..
3.2 Promotion of Rural Productive Activities
3.2.1 Policy Statement
3.2.2 Objectives
3.2.3 Strategies
3.2.4 Policy Areas
3.2.4.1 Agriculture, Fisheries. Animal Husbandry and Forestry
3.2.4.2 Mineral Resources Development
3.2.4.3 Manufacturing and Industry
3.2.4.4 Marketing and Distribution
3.2.4.5 Rural Financial Systems
17
18
CHAPTER 3 Cont….
3.3 Supportive Human Resources Development and Utilization
3.3.1 Policy Statement
3.3.2 Objectives
3.3.3 Strategies
3.3.4 Policy Areas
3.3.4.1 Health and Population
3.3.4.2 Culture and Social Development
3.3.4.3 Education, Technology and Skills Development
3.3.4.4 Research and Extension Services
3.3.4.5 Information and Communication
CHAPTER 3cont..
3.4 Enhancement of Enabling Rural Infrastructure Policy3.4.1 Policy Statement
3.4.2 Objectives
3.4.3 Strategies
3.4.4 Policy Areas
3.4.4.1 Transport Infrastructure and Facilities
3.4.4.2 Communications Infrastructure
3.4.4.3 Housing
3.4.4.4 Environment
3.4.4.5 Energy
3.4.4.6 Water and Sanitation
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CHAPTER 3cont..
3.5 Special Programs for Target Groups
3.5.1 Policy Statement
3.5.2 Objectives
3.5.3 Strategies
3.5.4 Policy Areas
3.5.4.1 Women
3.5.4.2 Youth
3.5.4.3 Children
3.5.4.4 The Elderly and the Retired
3.5.4.5 The Handicapped
3.5.4.6 Beggars and Destitute
3.5.4.7 Emergencies and Natural Disasters
3.5.4.8 Economically Disadvantaged Areas
3.5.4.9 Border Areas
20
21
CHAPTER 3cont..
3.6 Rural Community Organization and Mobilization
3.6.1 Policy Statement
3.6.2 Objectives
3.6.3 Strategies
22
CHAPTER 4
Institutional Framework
4.1 Introduction
Principle Stakeholders; (8)
1. Federal Government
2. State Government
3. Local Government
4. Communities
5. Non-Governmental Organization
6. Non-Profit Organization
7. Private Sector Enterprises
8. External Support Agencies
CHAPTER 4Institutional Framework cont..
4.2 Roles and Responsibilities of the Stakeholders in Rural Development
4.3 Government Agencies
4.3.1 Federal Government
4.3.2 Department of Rural Development
4.3.3 State Governments
4.3.4 Local Governments Communities
4.4 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs),
Non-Profit Organisations (NPOs)
and Private Sector Enterprises (PSEs)
4.6 External Agencies
23
24
CHAPTER 5
Sustainable Funding For Integrated Rural Development
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Government Funding
5.3 Community Funding
5.4 Funding by NGOs, NPOs and PSES
5.5 Funding by External Agencies
25
CHAPTER 6
Coordination, Monitoring, Evaluation And Review
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Coordination
6.3 Monitoring and Evaluation
6.4 Review
26
STRENGTHS:
-Policy ensures that the private sector plays a
vital role -Policy highlights
agriculture, as it is often considered as less
'developmental'.
WEAKNESS:
-No specific policy relating to "smart
technology”.
OPPORTUNITY:
-Integrate smart appropriate, efficient
technology at the early stage of development.
-Democratic govt. which will hopefully guarantee stability.
THREAT:
-Implementation
-Resource Availability -Policy inconsistency
RENEWABLE ENERGY
A Key Implementation of
Federal Government Policy on
Smart Technologies in Rural
Communities
27
28
29
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
The Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) articulates
Nigeria's vision and sets out a road map for increasing the
role of renewable energy in achieving sustainable
development.
The REMP is anchored on the mounting convergence of:
• Values,
• Principles and
• Targets as embedded in the
• National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy
(NEEDS),
• National Energy Policy,
• National Policy on Integrated Rural Development,
• The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and
• International conventions to reduce poverty and reverse global
environmental change.
30
BACKGROUND …. CONTINUED
Towards the coming decades, Nigeria envisions a peaceful and
prosperous nation driven increasingly by renewable energy.
The country will exploit renewable energy in quantities and at prices
that will promote the achievement of equitable and sustainable
growth.
SHORT TERM
In the short term, crude oil will continue to play a dominant role in the
economic development of the country.
Nigeria's fossil-led economy is under severe pressure.
Decades to come, the sun will slowly but certainly set on crude oil
production.
Today, large hydropower plants are increasingly threatened by a
shrinking River Niger, shaking the security of electricity supplies.
31
Nigeria envisions an energy transition from crude oil to a less carbon
intensive economy increasingly powered by gas.
Gas will represent a new growth pole and provide a bridge to a low
carbon economy that secures increased prosperity and preserves
our environment.
In the next ten years, gas is expected to overtake crude oil as a
source of revenue; provide a basis for reliable power supply and a
cleaner environment.
The effect of renewable energy in national energy supply should
begin to be felt.
Background continued
MEDIUM TERM
32
Background …. Continued
Nigeria envisions a country that will significantly be less
dependent on hydrocarbons.
Energy from
• Sun,
• Modern and more efficient conversion of biomass energy,
• Small hydro plants and
• Wind along with conventional technologies, will dominate the
energy landscape needs.
Far into the future, Nigeria will join the rest of the world in
developing a hydrogen economy and in accessing the vast energy
entrapped in the oceans and in the Earth's crust.
Challenges and opportunities
This bold new vision is achievable as Nigeria addresses
present challenges.
• the reform of the policy,
• regulatory and institutional
33
Challenges and Opportunities ……... CONTINUE
framework that will enable a rapid scale up of the market for renewable
energy.
• Prices and financing constraints will be addressed to create a level
playing field, and increase incentives for renewable energy.
• Poor product quality and standards must be regulated to ensure
consumer confidence and sustainability of the market.
• Public awareness and promotion will be critical elements of the drive
to expand the market for renewable energy. Lastly,
• Addressing gaps in key R&D areas and building human and
manufacturing capacities are key issues that must also be
addressed.
34
DRIVERS FOR CHANGE
The demand for energy services by a huge proportion of
the population that remain inadequately served.
The commitment and completion of far reaching power sector
reforms will also create a basis to expand the role of
renewables in meeting electricity targets, especially in rural
power supply.
International development in the market for renewable
energy technologies and the actions of government bilaterally
and within multilateral bodies will help shape successes in
delivering more energy from renewable sources.
35
KEY OBJECTIVES
The overall objective of the REMP is to articulate a national
vision, targets and a road map for addressing key
development challenges facing Nigeria through the
accelerated development and exploitation of renewable
energy.
Put in place a comprehensive framework for developing
renewable energy policies, legal instruments, technologies,
manpower, infrastructure and market to ensure that the
visions and targets are realized.
Expanding access to energy services and raising the
standard of living, especially in the rural areas;
36
Key Objective ……... CONTINUED
Stimulating economic growth, employment and
empowerment;
Increasing the scope and quality of rural services, including
schools, health services, water supply, information,
entertainment and stemming the migration to urban areas;