Overview of Music History Adapted by Julie Stephens.

Overview of Overview of Music HistoryMusic History

Adapted by Julie StephensAdapted by Julie Stephens

Where do you think music came from?

When do you think it was started?

What type (s) of music do you think were first performed and notated?

Middle Ages / MedievalMiddle Ages / Medieval

450 – 1450450 – 1450Sacred MusicSacred Music Mostly vocal music until 1100Mostly vocal music until 1100 After 1100, the church allowed instruments to be played.After 1100, the church allowed instruments to be played. The organ was the most popular then.The organ was the most popular then. Most notated music was sacredMost notated music was sacred

Why? The church had control over learning.Why? The church had control over learning. Most composers were anonymous because they were Most composers were anonymous because they were

taught that it was wrong to take credit and brag about taught that it was wrong to take credit and brag about their works. They were taught that God would be their works. They were taught that God would be unhappy with them.unhappy with them.

Middle Ages / MedievalMiddle Ages / Medieval450 – 1450450 – 1450

Secular music – non-religious Secular music – non-religious Troubadours traveled the country, singing their Troubadours traveled the country, singing their

love songs. love songs. They used drums, bagpipes, harps, and They used drums, bagpipes, harps, and

recorders.recorders. Why do you think they didn’t notate their music?Why do you think they didn’t notate their music? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgQAEwLU4

js search:Ensemble Gilles Binchois search:Ensemble Gilles Binchois

Answer on your surfaceAnswer on your surface

What makes Sacred music different from What makes Sacred music different from Secular music?Secular music?

Which was more likely to be notated?Which was more likely to be notated?

Middle Ages / MedievalMiddle Ages / Medieval

Gregorian Chant: The earliest music of the Gregorian Chant: The earliest music of the Middle Ages was sung slowly and without Middle Ages was sung slowly and without rhythm or harmony. Everyone sang the rhythm or harmony. Everyone sang the same thing. same thing.

These tunes are also called Gregorian These tunes are also called Gregorian Chant, which were named after Pope Chant, which were named after Pope Gregory I.Gregory I.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=712QrVEkaAo&list=RD_MbDqc3x97k

Middle Ages / MedievalMiddle Ages / Medieval

Polyphony: Later on other musical lines Polyphony: Later on other musical lines were added, creating harmony. This is were added, creating harmony. This is also called polyphonic music. also called polyphonic music.

This is music for more than one voice and This is music for more than one voice and it appeared during the later Medieval it appeared during the later Medieval period. This marked the beginning of period. This marked the beginning of harmony.harmony.

Continued…

What was the earliest music of the Middle Ages?

What kind of music appeared later in the Middle Ages? What did it have that made it different?

BalladBallad Ballads were sung outside of churches and Ballads were sung outside of churches and

told stories.told stories. Topics included love, war, and heroes.Topics included love, war, and heroes. Every other line rhymes within a verse– Every other line rhymes within a verse–

ABABABAB Verse One: Verse Two:Verse One: Verse Two:

…….. A ….C.. A ….C …….. B ….D.. B ….D ……. A ….C. A ….C ……. B ….D. B ….D

Answer on your surface

Answer these questions.

1. In the Medieval Period, where did you go to learn?

2. What was a popular church instrument near the end of this period?

3. Who traveled singing love songs?

4. What type of songs are slow, without rhythm or harmony?

On your Surface

1. What is the form / rhyme scheme of a ballad?

1. What does anonymous mean?

Name___________________________________________________ Period ________Essential Question of the Lesson: What are the characteristics of music from the Renaissance time period?

Directions: Determine whether each statement is true or false and mark your answer in the column marked Before.

Before After_____ _____ 1. During the Renaissance, the middle and upper class

hired tutors to educate their children._____ _____ 2. Polyphonic music is when everyone performs the

same melody and rhythms at the same time._____ _____ 3. Chordal music is when the harmony and voice parts

move at the same time in chords.

_____ _____ 4. A madrigal is a non-religious (secular) song that people

sing and is often a love song._____ _____ 5. A motet is a non-religious song that people sing._____ _____ 6. A mass is a religious (sacred) song that people sing._____ _____ 7. The lute is a popular instrument during the

Renaissance._____ _____ 8. Instrumental music was mostly for singing and dancing

during the Renaissance._____ _____ 9. Palestrina was the worst composer from the

Renaissance.

RenaissanceRenaissance

Renaissance means “rebirth”- in this case, Renaissance means “rebirth”- in this case, it was a rebirth of Greek and Roman it was a rebirth of Greek and Roman culture.culture.

It lasted from 1450-1600.It lasted from 1450-1600. The middle and upper classes hired The middle and upper classes hired

people to educate their children.people to educate their children. The printing press was invented and The printing press was invented and

popularized the music of great composers.popularized the music of great composers.

Renaissance MusicRenaissance Music

Most Renaissance music is polyphonic – Most Renaissance music is polyphonic – two or more voices being heard with two or more voices being heard with different rhythms.different rhythms.

Near the end of the Renaissance, chordal Near the end of the Renaissance, chordal music appeared. The voices moved music appeared. The voices moved together in chords.together in chords.

What does Renaissance mean?What does Renaissance mean?

What was invented that popularized the What was invented that popularized the music of great composers?music of great composers?

What does it mean for music to be What does it mean for music to be polyphonic in the Renaissance time polyphonic in the Renaissance time period?period?

Vocal A Capella MusicVocal A Capella Music

Madrigals - These song forms were performed in Madrigals - These song forms were performed in groups of four, five, or six singers. A madrigal is groups of four, five, or six singers. A madrigal is secular music and were usually love songs.secular music and were usually love songs.

Motets - a polyphonic work with four or five voice Motets - a polyphonic work with four or five voice parts singing one religious Latin text. parts singing one religious Latin text.

Mass - follows the religious service of the Mass - follows the religious service of the Catholic Church and is sung in a very specific Catholic Church and is sung in a very specific order: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, order: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Benedictus, and Agnus Dei. It is performed in Benedictus, and Agnus Dei. It is performed in Latin. Latin.

Instrumental MusicInstrumental Music

There was a growth in instrumental music, There was a growth in instrumental music, especially the lute and keyboard. The especially the lute and keyboard. The most popular instrument of the most popular instrument of the Renaissance was the lute. Renaissance was the lute.

Most instrumental music was written for Most instrumental music was written for singing and dancing.singing and dancing.

Palestrina’s music Palestrina’s music shows pitch and shows pitch and rhythm.rhythm.

He was Italian and He was Italian and wrote mostly religious wrote mostly religious works. works.

He is considered one He is considered one of the great masters of the great masters of Renaissance of Renaissance music. music.

He wrote motets, He wrote motets, madrigals, and madrigals, and masses. masses.

Renaissance Listening ExampleRenaissance Listening Example

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIcrgNtyX0U

Missa Papae Marcelli by PalestrinaMissa Papae Marcelli by Palestrina

1. What does Renaissance mean?2. When two or more voices are singing different

rhythms, what is that called? Missa Papae Marcelli was an example of this.

3. Out of madrigals, motets, and masses, which is NOT religious?

4. What two things was instrumental music used for in the Renaissance?

5. Who was a great Renaissance composer?

Baroque

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnjqGhAlFzs

Johann Sebastian Bach

BaroqueBaroque

1600-17501600-1750 Baroque refers to highly decorated music Baroque refers to highly decorated music

and art.and art. Unity – repeating rhythms and melodic Unity – repeating rhythms and melodic

patternspatterns Sudden dynamic and tempo changesSudden dynamic and tempo changes Music was ornamented and improvised.Music was ornamented and improvised.

Baroque MusicBaroque Music

Orchestras begin to formOrchestras begin to form Opera developsOpera develops Was written for and heard only by kings Was written for and heard only by kings

and nobility and the Churchand nobility and the Church Venice, Italy was the center of Baroque Venice, Italy was the center of Baroque

musicmusic Harpsichord was more popular than the Harpsichord was more popular than the

piano.piano.

What two things could drastically change What two things could drastically change in music from the Baroque period?in music from the Baroque period?

What musical group began to form?What musical group began to form?

Where was the center of Baroque music?Where was the center of Baroque music?

FugueFugue

The subject is stated by the first voice.The subject is stated by the first voice. The other voices then enter imitating the The other voices then enter imitating the

same subject, one at a time.same subject, one at a time. The voices alternate subject and answer.The voices alternate subject and answer.

What about this?What about this?

What form of music had a theme or What form of music had a theme or subject that was repeated by different subject that was repeated by different voices at different times?voices at different times?

How is this different from a round?How is this different from a round?

Baroque Listening ExampleBaroque Listening Example

““Fugue in G Minor”Fugue in G Minor”

By J. S. BachBy J. S. Bach

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WhPUqpaRp4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLA1YVN-30M

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax-7kYRA88Q

Answer these questions on your surface. Try to do this without using your notes if you can. Use sentences!

1. In the Baroque period, there were extreme changes in what two musical elements?

2. What musical group began to form during the Baroque period?3. What type of vocal music was being developed during this period?

4. What was the popular keyboard instrument during the Baroque period?

Pick two time periods that we have done so far.

Compare and contrast them. You may use your notes.

Make sure you have at least 2 ways they are similar and 2 ways that they are different.

What are at least two differences between a What are at least two differences between a round and a fugue?round and a fugue?

Describe the subject of a fugue.Describe the subject of a fugue.

Classical Activation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKhH2hRa-WQ

Mozart Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSL5-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSL5-

wxgvFYwxgvFY http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=CDNENgxTJuMv=CDNENgxTJuM

Classical PeriodClassical Period

The Classical period began around 1750 The Classical period began around 1750 and lasted until 1830.and lasted until 1830.

This was when Benjamin Franklin was This was when Benjamin Franklin was discovering electricity.discovering electricity.

The United States was forming at this The United States was forming at this time.time.

Music of the Classical PeriodMusic of the Classical Period

Music was simpler to play than Baroque Music was simpler to play than Baroque music.music.

Music was written for everyone.Music was written for everyone. Common people began attending Common people began attending

concerts.concerts. Emotions were controlled in the music.Emotions were controlled in the music. There were not extremes in tempo, There were not extremes in tempo,

dynamics, etc. like in the Baroque period.dynamics, etc. like in the Baroque period.

Some QuestionsSome Questions

Was the music simpler or more complex in Was the music simpler or more complex in the Classical time period than the music in the Classical time period than the music in the Baroque time period?the Baroque time period?

What were the emotions in the music like?What were the emotions in the music like?

Classical MusicClassical Music

A symphony usually has 3 or 4 A symphony usually has 3 or 4 movements and uses the entire orchestra.movements and uses the entire orchestra.

Orchestras were small, around 40 people, Orchestras were small, around 40 people, at the beginning of this period. They grew at the beginning of this period. They grew larger near the end.larger near the end.

Rondo form, ABACA, was commonly Rondo form, ABACA, was commonly used. It alternates between one main used. It alternates between one main themes and contrasting themes.themes and contrasting themes.

Can you answer this?Can you answer this?

How many movements did symphonies How many movements did symphonies normally have?normally have?

Did the orchestras grow in size or shrink Did the orchestras grow in size or shrink towards the end of the time period?towards the end of the time period?

What form was commonly used in the What form was commonly used in the Classical time period?Classical time period?

Classical Listening ExampleClassical Listening Example

““Rondo alla turka”Rondo alla turka” By Wolfgang Amadeus MozartBy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geER3iQDO5kv=geER3iQDO5k

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PF9itjbfdIv=_PF9itjbfdI

8th Grade

Answer these questions in your journals. Try to do this without using your notes if you can. Use sentences!

1. In the Classical period, music was for whom?2. In Classical music, were there large contrasts in

tempo and dynamics?3. What has a few movements and is for an entire

orchestra?4. What is the type of song with a form that is

ABACA?

Romantic Era

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enmJ5PwxD7ov=enmJ5PwxD7o

The Romantic Era begins with Ludwig von Beethoven

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJQ32q2k8Uo&list=RD8xPuSzvCSQAv=sJQ32q2k8Uo&list=RD8xPuSzvCSQA

Romantic PeriodRomantic Period

The Romantic period began around 1830 The Romantic period began around 1830 and ended around 1900.and ended around 1900.

Yes, there was some overlap between the Yes, there was some overlap between the classical period and romantic period.classical period and romantic period.

Beethoven bridged the two periods during Beethoven bridged the two periods during his lifetime.his lifetime.

Romantic MusicRomantic Music

Program music tells a story or describes Program music tells a story or describes something. something.

Music is filled with passion and drama.Music is filled with passion and drama. Composers used music to overwhelm listeners Composers used music to overwhelm listeners

with emotion, writing sad, sweeping pieces with emotion, writing sad, sweeping pieces about love and heartbreak and magical fantasies about love and heartbreak and magical fantasies about goblins, witches, and swans.about goblins, witches, and swans.

The orchestra is arranged as we know it and The orchestra is arranged as we know it and was led by a conductor with a baton.was led by a conductor with a baton.

The most popular instrument was the piano.The most popular instrument was the piano.

Can you answer these?Can you answer these?

Who bridged the Classical and Romantic Who bridged the Classical and Romantic time periods?time periods?

What is program music?What is program music?

What was the most popular instrument?What was the most popular instrument?

Romantic Listening ExampleRomantic Listening Example

Finale, Swan LakeFinale, Swan Lake By TchaikovskyBy Tchaikovsky http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=SXJawzOLS3kv=SXJawzOLS3k

1. Who bridged the gap between Classical and Romantic music?

2. In the Romantic period, music is filled with what and what?

3. What is program music?

Modern Music

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ce4TCth0gGM&feature=PlayList&p=0C7DE3935191D7D6&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=1

John Cage Piano Sonata X for prepared piano

Modern PeriodModern Period

1900 – Present1900 – Present

NeoclassicalNeoclassical

Composer: Composer: Aaron CoplandAaron Copland Uses techniques used in Uses techniques used in BaroqueBaroque and and ClassicalClassical

periodsperiods OppositionOpposition to current musical trends to current musical trends

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cr6CnG5dmvMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cr6CnG5dmvM

SerialismSerialism

Composer: Composer: Arnold SchoenbergArnold Schoenberg Music has Music has no tonal centerno tonal center Randomly uses all 12 notes of the scale in a Randomly uses all 12 notes of the scale in a

tone rowtone row AleatoricAleatoric: created by chance.: created by chance.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PT2cIdbRCNchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PT2cIdbRCNc

Answer these!Answer these!

What type of music used techniques from What type of music used techniques from the Baroque and Classical time periods?the Baroque and Classical time periods?

What type of music used all 12 notes of What type of music used all 12 notes of the scale in a tone row?the scale in a tone row?

MinimalismMinimalism

Composer: Composer: Phillip GlassPhillip Glass Uses small Uses small patternspatterns to create to create

effectseffects Extended Extended OstinatiOstinati DronesDrones in the background in the background http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=9YRzS9y-8S8watch?v=9YRzS9y-8S8

ElectronicElectronic

Composer: Composer: Karlheinz StockhausenKarlheinz Stockhausen Uses Uses tape loopstape loops Found soundsFound sounds, recorded then modified with , recorded then modified with

computer.computer. Synthesized soundsSynthesized sounds: original sounds are : original sounds are

artificially created.artificially created. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNt6a5xFOnEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNt6a5xFOnE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ykQFrL0X74http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ykQFrL0X74

What about this?What about this?

What type of music used tape loops?What type of music used tape loops?

What type of music used small patterns to What type of music used small patterns to create effects?create effects?

Modern ReviewModern Review

A time of musical experimentationA time of musical experimentation Electronic music becomes a main focusElectronic music becomes a main focus Atonality – Music without a tonal centerAtonality – Music without a tonal center Broken into CurrentsBroken into Currents

1.1. NeoclassicalNeoclassical

2.2. SerialismSerialism

3.3. MinimalismMinimalism

4.4. ElectronicElectronic

Modern Music Categorize

Schoenberg’s Pierrot Lunaire, “Nacht”

Stravinsky’s Symphony in Three Movements or Aaron Copland’s Appalachian Spring

Stockhausen’s Gesang der Jünglinge (literally "Song of the Youths")

John Adam’s Shaker Loops

1. Define a tone row.2. What repeats small patterns and uses

drones in the background?3. Who is a composer of Minimalism

music?4. List the types of modern music.

The EndThe End

This ends our journey through the This ends our journey through the different time periods of music history. different time periods of music history.

This does not include current musical This does not include current musical styles from across the world, including styles from across the world, including popular music of our own country.popular music of our own country.

Source Source http://www.cdschools.org/Page/3703http://www.cdschools.org/Page/3703