1 Revision date: 1 st .March.2009. South Asia Division 3 South Asia Department 1. Issues in the Development of Afghanistan’s Politics, Economy and Society Overview of JICA Projects in Afghanistan (1) Trend of Afghanistan’s Politics, Economy and Society Since the overthrow of the Taliban regime in 2001, reconstruction has been taking place in Afghanistan through a political process based on the Bonn Agreement (the Bonn Process), which was signed in December 2001 with the support of the international community. Reforms have been carried out in various areas. A new constitution has been established, a new president has been democratically elected, and a parliament has been established. The political process has also made progress, establishing a new national army and police force and implementing financial reforms. At the same time, much of Afghanistan's population lives below the poverty line (Afghanistan is ranked 173rd out of 178 countries on the UNDP’s 2005 Human Development Index) as a direct result of 20 years of conflict that has devastated the country's economic and social infrastructure. The situation in Afghanistan remains grave and the country faces many issues, including opium poppy production that accounts for more than 90% of global production and deteriorating security conditions, especially in the southern part of the country. (2) Issues in the Development In 2006, the Afghan government presented a five-year development plan at the London Conference on Afghanistan called the Interim Afghanistan National Development Strategy, or I-ANDS. The overarching goal of the plan is to facilitate national development that directly benefits the Afghan citizens while utilizing the private sector as a driving force. The plan defines three main pillars: security; governance, rule of law and human rights; and economic and social development. The three pillars are further divided into eight sectors, which are security; governance, rule of law and human rights; infrastructure and natural resources; education; health; agriculture and rural development; social protection; and economic governance and private sector development. There are five themes that cut across all of the sectors: gender equity, counter narcotics, regional cooperation, anti-corruption, and environment. ANDS is submitted and endorsed by the Afghan National Parliament and by the World Bank and IMF Committee in May 2008. In June 2008, The donors officially endorse ANDS at the Paris Conference. The full version ANDS became the contents which progressed from I-ANDS. With the full version ANDS, the clause of the "capacity development". The total pledge amount from each donor in the Paris conference was 20 billion dollars (Japan is newly a pledge about 550 million dollars). The strong commitment to reconstruction-of-Afghanistan support of each country was anew expressed also in the G8 foreign ministers' meeting and the Toya lake summit.
11
Embed
Overview of JICA Projects in Afghanistan...Overview of JICA Projects in Afghanistan (1) Trend of Afghanistan’s Politics, Economy and Society Since the overthrow of the Taliban regime
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
1
Revision date: 1st.March.2009.
South Asia Division 3 South Asia Department
1. Issues in the Development of Afghanistan’s Politics, Economy and Society
Overview of JICA Projects in Afghanistan
(1) Trend of Afghanistan’s Politics, Economy and Society Since the overthrow of the Taliban regime in 2001, reconstruction has been taking place in
Afghanistan through a political process based on the Bonn Agreement (the Bonn Process), which was signed in December 2001 with the support of the international community. Reforms have been carried out in various areas. A new constitution has been established, a new president has been democratically elected, and a parliament has been established. The political process has also made progress, establishing a new national army and police force and implementing financial reforms. At the same time, much of Afghanistan's population lives below the poverty line (Afghanistan is ranked 173rd out of 178 countries on the UNDP’s 2005 Human Development Index) as a direct result of 20 years of conflict that has devastated the country's economic and social infrastructure. The situation in Afghanistan remains grave and the country faces many issues, including opium poppy production that accounts for more than 90% of global production and deteriorating security conditions, especially in the southern part of the country. (2) Issues in the Development In 2006, the Afghan government presented a five-year development plan at the London Conference on Afghanistan called the Interim Afghanistan National Development Strategy, or I-ANDS. The overarching goal of the plan is to facilitate national development that directly benefits the Afghan citizens while utilizing the private sector as a driving force. The plan defines three main pillars: security; governance, rule of law and human rights; and economic and social development. The three pillars are further divided into eight sectors, which are security; governance, rule of law and human rights; infrastructure and natural resources; education; health; agriculture and rural development; social protection; and economic governance and private sector development. There are five themes that cut across all of the sectors: gender equity, counter narcotics, regional cooperation, anti-corruption, and environment. ANDS is submitted and endorsed by the Afghan National Parliament and by the World Bank and IMF Committee in May 2008. In June 2008, The donors officially endorse ANDS at the Paris Conference. The full version ANDS became the contents which progressed from I-ANDS. With the full version ANDS, the clause of the "capacity development". The total pledge amount from each donor in the Paris conference was 20 billion dollars (Japan is newly a pledge about 550 million dollars). The strong commitment to reconstruction-of-Afghanistan support of each country was anew expressed also in the G8 foreign ministers' meeting and the Toya lake summit.
2
2. Addressing Priority Issues in JICA Programs
JICA’s assistance for Afghanistan centers on Integrated Rural Development that will contribute to the promotion of agriculture and the livelihood of residents in rural areas.
We have also put priority on improving the Basic Human Needs in areas such as education
and healthcare because the government’s ability to provide social services and facilitate the country's self-sustained development remains fragile.
The population around Afghanistan's capital Kabul has been increasing rapidly due to
returnees resettling in the area, but Maintenance of Infrastructure, including transportation, has not kept pace. This could potentially strain Kabul’s social infrastructure to the breaking point, so JICA intends to also provide infrastructure-related support in the Kabul region, specifically in the areas of urban development and electric power.
(1) Support to the Integrated Rural Development
a Rural Development b Agriculture Development
(2) Support to the Basic Human Needs a Health System Strengthening b Basic Education Sector Support c Vocational Training and Technical Education Support
(3) Support to the Maintenance of Infrastructure a Urban Development b Transportation Sector Support
(4)Other a Gender mainstreaming
3
3. On-going projects
・ JICA Support Program for Reintegration and Community Development in Kandahar (June 2004 ― June 2009)
Programs supporting Integrated rural development
・ Inter-Communal Rural Development Project (December 2005 ― November 2009) ・ National Agricultural Experiment Stations Rehabilitation Project (July 2005 ―June
2010) ・ Improvement of Rice-based Agriculture in Nangarhar Province (September 2007 ―
March 2011)
・ Tuberculosis Control Project (September 2004 ― September 2009) Programs supporting public health administration capacity (Healthcare sector)
・ Reproductive Health Project (September 2004 ―September 2009)