Overview Of Electronics Engg Field

An Overview of Various Fields of Electronics

Prof. Anish Goel

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Electronics !!! Specialized branch that deals with Electrons. Low voltage operation. Mostly deals with semi-conductor. Derivative of Electrical branch.

An Overview of Various Fields of Electronics. Anish Goel

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Various Domains Electronic Devices.

Electronic Circuits.

Electronic Systems.P S E N

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Various Fields Embedded Systems. Semiconductor Devices and Microelectronics. Microprocessors and Computer Architecture. Power Electronics and Control Systems. Digital Signal Processing and communication. Computer Networks.


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Embedded Systems We are surrounded by Embedded

Systems. Cell Phones Automatic Washing Machines. Traffic Signals with Timers. Automobile Electronics.

Find a system that contains no electronic system.

How can a electronic system improve the functionality/efficiency of that system.

Custom design an embedded system for the same.


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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS


Embedded system means the processor is embedded into that application.

An embedded product uses a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only.

In an embedded system, there is only one application software that is typically burned into memory.

Example： printer, keyboard, video game player

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Semiconductor Devices and Microelectronics.


Earlier: Vacuum tube diodes. Transistors.

Now: Semiconductor diodes. Semiconductor Transistors.

Build circuits to: Amplify electronic signals. Filter signals according to

frequency. Typical example :

Audio system.

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Digital Electronics. Transistor as switch. Develop switching logic using multiple

transistors. Electronic Data is the treated as Digital having

only 2 voltage levels : 0 V and 5 V. A typical electronic data would be something

like this:

10101110101000010101010001010101010…….

This is called binary digital as it has only two voltages:0 V represented by digit 0 and 5V represented by digit 1.

These 1’s and 0’s turn ON and OFF the transistors.


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Example of Digital world around us….. Computers. Electronic Systems (Digital) Cell Phones. Computer Networks. Communication Channels.

Hard Disks’ CD-ROM’s. Pen Drives and Flash

Memories.


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Micro-Electronics… Transistors are small. Take cross section of human hair… (Diameter

is 0.1 mm) How many transistors can you

implement/fabricate in that area???? (Any Clue)

Intel P-4 Consists of 42 Million Transistors in and area of 217 mm². (Approx. 1.5 cm x 1.5cm)

What do you do with so many transistors: Implement memory to store data. Build logic to solve problems. Problems ?????An Overview of Various Fields of Electronics.

Anish Goel

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VLSI…. Very Large Scale Integration…. Integration of what ? Transistors.


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Design Flow…. How to build an electronic system?? Preferably

digital. Transistors logic gates Cells Blocks

Integrated circuits Circuit Board.


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Microprocessors and Computer Architecture. What is needed to make systems smart???? Human Brain !!!

We are surrounded by microprocessors. Where are they???

In cell phones. In cars. Smallest electronic system you can think of. Largest system you can think of. They are there is Shoes as well.

What???? In shoes??? What would a piece of semi-conductor do in a shoes?


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Why Microprocessors? They will act as brain of the system. They add intelligence to the system. They can be programmed to perform a task. Once programmed, they make the system work

automatically.

Computer Architecture! Specialized branch that deals with the Microprocessor

Architecture. For instance:

What is the memory requirement of the system. How many input and output devices are to be connected to

the system.


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Block Diagram of a Computer


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Digital Signal Processing and Communication. Most of the signals in real world are analog.

(In fact all the signals are analog) Temperature. Pressure. Human Voice. Electricity.

But we are into digital world. As microprocessors are everywhere. Microprocessors are digital.


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Bridge. If that’s the case then there had to be a bridge between

the real world and digital world. Real world signals need to processed and fed to

microprocessor for processing. Analog to digital conversion.

Once processed, the digital output of the microprocessor needs to be converted back to analog (Real world) Digital to analog conversion.

Signal processing is the field that deals with how to make this bridge between the real and digital world without loosing the data.


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Communication. Most of the communication is digital. Like?

Cell phone communication. Messaging service. Internet.

Web browsing. Voice chat (VOIP) Video conferencing.


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Computer Networks. If you have many computers why not hook them together? What’s the use of that?

Data transfer between them. Bluetooth. LAN. Wireless sensor networks.

Improve efficiency. Single task performed by more then one computer.

Parallel processing. Cluster computing Grid Computing.


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WWW. Internet is the backbone of today's

communication. If I have to go to office and all I have to do is

work there on computer, then why not do it from my home. I do have a personal computer.

Log ON to the office server through internet and start working. (Hurrary!!!)

Wireless networks. Optical communication.


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Power Electronics and Control Systems. Areas that require computer control but work

on high voltages. Aircraft control. Industrial Drives. Industrial Robots.

Automatic control of huge systems like: Space shuttle. Airbus A380.

Or small systems like: Nano-positioner. Room temperature control.


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Control System theory… Mathematical modeling of Systems like huge

mechanical systems. Work out all the Applied Maths you’r studying:

Transforms like Z-Transform, Fourier, Laplace…. On signals and then decide the output. Microprocessor is always there to perform complex

mathematical calculations. Simplest control system:

Switch ON/OFF. AC

Thermometer Input (Temp.)

Room Temp ?

Comparator


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Thank you !!! But wait… This presentation is open source….

Log on to my website:

www.discovermechatronics.blogspot.com

You can view/download this presentation. You can brows my projects on this website.


http://www.discovermechatronics.blogspot.com/

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Overview Of Electronics Engg Field

Education

digital electronics

power electronics

automobile electronics

smallest electronic

anish goel2

audio system

largest system

electronic signals