Overview of DOE's CCUS R&D Program · Consortium Annual Meeting April 24, 2019 Mark Ackiewicz Director, Division of CCUS R&D. energy.gov/fe ... scale-up; moving from concept (paper)

1 | Office of Fossil Energy fossil.energy.gov

Office of Fossil Energy

Overview of DOE’s CCUS R&D Program

Midwest Geologic Sequestration Consortium Annual Meeting

April 24, 2019

Mark Ackiewicz

Director, Division of CCUS R&D

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Where are we going?

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Let’s do a quick review of where we have been and where we are

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CCPIICCS Area 1

FutureGen 2.0

2012 Status of Major CCS Demonstration Projects

AEP - WithdrawnMountaineer Power PlantPost Combustion CO2 Capture

SALINE – 1.5M TPY Planned 2015 start

Southern CompanyKemper County IGCC Project

IGCC-Transport Gasifier w/Carbon Capture

EOR – ~2.8 M TPY Planned 2014 start

NRGW.A. Parish Generating Station

Post Combustion CO2 CaptureEOR – ~1.4M TPY Planned 2015 start

Summit TX Clean EnergyCommercial Demo of Advanced

IGCC w/ Full Carbon CaptureEOR – ~2.4 TPY Planned 2016 start

HECACommercial Demo of Advanced

IGCC w/ Full Carbon CaptureEOR – ~2.6M TPY Planned 2017

start

Leucadia EnergyCO2 Capture from Methanol Plant

EOR in Eastern TX OilfieldsEOR – ~4 M TPY Planned 2016 start

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.CO2 Capture from Steam Methane Reformers

EOR in Eastern TX Oilfields$431M – Total, $284M – DOEEOR – ~0.93M TPY 2012 start

FutureGen 2.0Large-scale Testing of Oxy-Combustion w/ CO2 Capture

and Sequestration in Saline FormationSALINE – 1M TPY Planned 2017 start

Archer Daniels MidlandCO2 Capture from Ethanol PlantCO2 Stored in Saline Reservoir

SALINE – ~0.9M TPY Planned 2013 start

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2019: U.S. DOE CCUS Major Demonstration Projects

CCPIICCS

Petra NovaW.A. Parish Generating Station

Post Combustion CO2 CaptureStarted Operations Jan. 2017

Nearly 2.5 million metric tons for EOR

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.CO2 Capture from Steam Methane Reformers

EOR in Eastern TX OilfieldsStarted Operations March 2013

Has capture and transported for EOR over 5 million metric tons

Archer Daniels Midland (ADM)

CO2 Capture from Ethanol PlantCO2 Stored in Saline ReservoirStarted Operations April 2017

Has injected over 1 million metric tons

What have we learned

• Managing financial risk• Dealing with perceptions• Managing expectations

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Partnership Geologic Province Storage Type

Target Injection Volume (tonnes)

Big Sky Nugget Sandstone Saline/Gas 1,000,000

MGSC Illinois Basin- Mt. Simon Sandstone

Saline 1,000,000

MRCSP Michigan Basin-Niagaran Reef

Saline/Oil 1,000,000

PCOR

Powder River Basin- Bell Creek Field

Oil Bearing 1,500,000

Horn River Basin-Carbonates

Saline 2,000,000

SECARB

Gulf Coast – Cranfield Field- Tuscaloosa

FormationOil/Saline 2,902,000

Gulf Coast – Paluxy Formation

Saline 450,000

SWP Regional Jurassic & Older Formations

TBD 1,000,000

WESTCARB Regional Characterization

Injection Ongoing

2012 Injection Scheduled

Injection Scheduled 2013-2015

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ü Large-volume testsü Two projects currently injecting CO2

ü Remaining injections scheduled 2012-2015

Injection began Nov 2011

Injection Started April 2009

Core Sampling Taken

Note: Some locations presented on map may differ from final injection location

Ready for Injection in July 2012

May 2012: RCSP Phase III: Development Phase: Large-Scale Geologic Tests

9c Seismic Survey completed

Characterization well drilled

Seismic Survey Completed

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Injection Ongoing/Completed

No Injection; Focused on characterization

üOver 10.8 Million Tons Injected

May 2019: RCSP Phase III: Development Phase: Large-Scale Geologic Tests

Partnership Geologic Province Storage Type

Target Injection Volume (tonnes)

Big Sky Nugget Sandstone Saline/Gas N/A

MGSC Illinois Basin- Mt. Simon Sandstone

Saline 999,215

MRCSP Michigan Basin-Niagaran Reef

Saline/Oil 1,253,480

PCOR

Powder River Basin- Bell Creek Field

Oil Bearing 2,982,000

Horn River Basin-Carbonates

Saline N/A

SECARB

Gulf Coast – Cranfield Field- Tuscaloosa

FormationOil/Saline 4,743,898

Gulf Coast – Paluxy Formation

Saline 114,104

SWP Farnsworth Unit Oil Bearing 739,863

WESTCARB Regional Characterization

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Carbon Storage Program – 2012 Areas of Interest

Thermal and hydrologic fate and transportGeochemical simulationsGeomechanical simulationsPredicting biologic impacts on storage formationsRisk assessment and quantification

Wellbore construction and materials technologiesMitigation technologies for wells and natural pathwaysManaging fluid flow, reservoir pressure, and brinesGeochemical effects of CO2injectionGeomechanical effects on reservoirs and seals

Atmospheric and Remote Sensing TechnologiesNear surface monitoring of soils and vadose zoneSubsurface monitoring in and near injection zoneIntelligent monitoring systems for field management

Geologic StorageMonitoring, Verification, and Accounting

Enhanced Oil RecoveryConversion to commodities into chemicals and plasticsNon-geologic storage in cement and mineralsBeneficial use of produced waters

CO2 Utilization Simulation and Risk Assessment

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Carbon Storage Program – 2019 Areas of Interest

Thermal and hydrologic fate and transportGeochemical simulationsGeomechanical simulationsPredicting biologic impacts on storage formationsRisk assessment and quantification

Wellbore construction and materials technologiesMitigation technologies for wells and natural pathwaysManaging fluid flow, reservoir pressure, and brinesGeochemical effects of CO2injectionGeomechanical effects on reservoirs and seals

Atmospheric and Remote Sensing TechnologiesNear surface monitoring of soils and vadose zoneSubsurface monitoring in and near injection zoneIntelligent monitoring systems for field managementImproved characterization of faults and fracturesImproved assessment of state of stress

Geologic StorageMonitoring, Verification, and Accounting

Enhanced Oil Recovery (Unconventionals)Conversion to commodities into chemicals and plasticsNon-geologic storage in cement and mineralsBeneficial use of produced waters

CO2 Utilization

Simulation and Risk Assessment Enabling Technologies

High-Performance ComputingData infrastructureMachine Learning/Artificial IntelligenceAdvanced ManufacturingAutomation

Goal: Real-Time, Active Reservoir Management and Decision-Making.

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So… Where are we going?

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Carbon Capture Program Goals and Activities

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• Carbon Capture Projects are starting to scale-up; moving from concept (paper) → lab (lbs/day) → bench (up to 1 tpd) → small pilot (10s of tpd) → large pilot (100s of tpd)

• CCSI toolset released as open source

$45/Tonne

$30/Tonne

“Transformational Technology Development”

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Direct Air Capture (DAC)/Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Technologies –Natural Extension of Existing Capture R&D Portfolio

Carbon Engineering• Active Pilot Plant – Squamish BC• CaCO3 to CaO loop

Ohio State University• Facilitated transport membrane• Dramatic increase in flux and selectivity

National Academies of Science StudyDeveloping a Research Agenda for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration

• Fossil Energy Contribution - $250K based on FY16 appropriations guidance – Assess commercial viability of CDR technology

• 6 Boards Collaborated on Study

• Study Completed October 2018

• >$600/tonne with pathways below $300/tonne

• DAC Requires 10+ years to develop

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Carbon Utilization Program: Offset CO2 capture costs + Fix CO2 in stable products

Biological Capture & Conversion Fuels & Chemicals Mineralization &

Cements

Lifecycle analyses are critically important to evaluate the

environmental, economic, and social attributes of energy

systems ranging from the extraction of raw materials from

the ground to the use of the energy carrier to perform work.

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NEW NATIONAL ACADEMIES UTILIZATION REPORT

https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25232/gaseous-carbon-waste-streams-utilization-status-and-research-needs

• Research Agenda and Challenges

• Improvements Needed

• Research Needs

• LCA Requirements

• Market Opportunities

• Commercialization Opportunities

Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research NeedsReleased October 18, 2018

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Carbon Storage: Areas for Further Refinement

• Geomechanics– Induced seismicity– Caprock and wellbore fracture mechanics

• Improved accuracy of characterization of faults and fracture networks• Improved accuracy of assessment of stress state• Reservoir management strategies and technologies (e.g., pressure and plume

management, intelligent/autonomous monitoring systems and sensors)• Tools for experts and non-experts

– Data infrastructure– Modeling and simulation tools for regulators and would-be operators– Protocols and tools for post-injection site care

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Carbon StorageImproving and Optimizing Performance

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Offshore StorageCarbonSAFE UnconventionalEORRCSPs and New

Regional Initiative FOA

Brine Extraction Storage Tests (BEST)

National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) is developing toolsets to reduce

uncertainty and quantify potential impacts related to release of CO2 and

induced seismicity

Fiber Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)

Advancing monitoring and measurement tools: improving characterization and reducing the uncertainty about the CO2 and pressure fronts.

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Knowledge Sharing Products

CARBON STORAGEIMPROVING AND OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE

Integrated portfolio consisting of:

Field Projects•Regional Partnerships•Unconventional EOR•Offshore•Brine Extraction Storage Tests•CarbonSAFE

Advanced Storage R&D•Monitoring and measurement

technologies•Wellbore integrity•Modeling and simulation tools•Risk assessment

Addressing key challenges to accelerate commercial-scale deployment….

…and sharing knowledge and information to key stakeholders.

Goal: Real-Time, Active Reservoir Management and Decision-Making.

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U.S. role in multilateral CCUS partnerships

q International Energy Agency (IEA)• Working Party on Fossil Fuels (Chair)• Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (GHG) ExCo member • Clean Coal Centre (CCC) ExCo Chair• CCS Unit – CCS Roadmap and International CCS Regulatory

Networkq Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF)

• Secretariat and Policy Group Chairq Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) - CCUS Initiative

• CCUS Initiative Leadq Accelerating CCUS Technologies (ACT) Initiativeq Mission Innovation CCUS Initiativeq Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Expert Group on Clean

Fossil Energy (APEC EGCFE)• EGCFE Chair

q UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)• Sustainable Energy Bureau Vice Chair

q Global CCS Institute

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Is this one possible destination?

Implies 2,300 MT per year by 2040

Source: International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2018

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Some Final Observations

• We have made a lot of progress over the past 7 years…– Significantly increased our scientific, technical, and economic

understanding throughout the CCUS value chain– Driving down costs

• Exciting time for the CCUS community with growing interest, and hopefully, optimism: – Multiple government and multilateral initiatives underway– 45Q tax credits and other policy mechanisms– Oil and Gas Climate Initiative– NPC study on CCUS

• CCUS is necessary for our future.

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Thank You!