Overview of Building Blocks of Participation at the Macro Level Parmesh Shah Participation Coordinator The World Bank Email:[email protected] .

Overview of Building Blocks of Participation at the Macro Level

Parmesh ShahParticipation Coordinator

The World BankEmail:[email protected]

http://www.worldbank.org/participation

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Some key considerations for designing participatory processes at macro level

•  Need to move from participation as an input to producing papers and documents to participation for achieving sustainable poverty reduction outcomes

• Participation is not an end in itself• Participatory processes are likely to be a

key link between intended strategies and effective outcomes

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Some key considerations for designing participatory processes at macro level

• Participatory processes are more critical during implementation and monitoring of strategies

• Participation should not be perceived and used as a conditionality but as an opportunity for achieving effective outcomes

• Participatory processes are adaptive, cyclical, incremental and iterative

• Institutional mechanisms to anchor and backstop participatory approaches, e.g. UPPAP, Public Affairs Center, IDASA.

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•  FORMULATIONFORMULATION

EVALUATION EVALUATION IMPACT IMPACT ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION

Analytical / Diagnostic Preparatory Work

Formal Approval

PRS

CYCLE

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What is participation?

Participation is the process through which stakeholders influence and share control over priority setting, policy-making, resource allocations and access to public goods and services.

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The Building Blocks of Participation

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Building Blocks for Participation in the PRSP

• Poverty reduction actions--- Poverty diagnostics

• Public Action Choices --- Public Expenditure Management

• Policy Choices--- Macroeconomic reform

• Poverty reduction outcomes--- Monitoring implementation and results of policies

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Outcomes – Poverty Diagnostics (Based On Use Of Participatory Approaches)

• Choice of poverty actions based on specific concerns of the poor including vulnerability, insecurity and governance

• Integration of quantitative and qualitative aspects of poverty actions in defining specific interventions in PRS

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Outcomes – Poverty Diagnostics (contd.)

• Civic engagement and participatory processes which enable poor communities and their institutions to participate effectively in poverty diagnosis, analysis and monitoring.

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Use of Participatory Poverty Diagnostics and Analysis: Some examples

Stable income generating opportunities related to non-farm sector for small landholders and landless in the Mekong delta in Vietnam

Increasing credit for agricultural production for women producers in Uganda

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Use of Participatory Poverty Diagnostics and Analysis: Some examples (contd.)

Communal livestock management systems and micro insurance in view of rapid depletion of livestock related assets and livelihoods in rural Mongolia

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Outcomes – Public Expenditure Management

• Accountable, transparent and efficient resource allocation, expenditures and service delivery

• Civic engagement in budgeting, expenditure tracking and monitoring service delivery

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Outcomes – Public Expenditure Management (contd.)

• Increased ability of communities and their organizations to participate in budgeting processes, expenditure tracking and monitoring quality,quantity and effectiveness of service delivery

• Demystification of budgets and analysis to enable information exchange and discussions in parliament, media and civil society

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PARTICIPATORY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT

Performance Performance MonitoringMonitoring

Budget Budget Expenditure Expenditure MonitoringMonitoring

Budget Budget Formulation/ReviewFormulation/Review

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Strategies to Exert Accountability in Managing

Public Expenditure

Participatory budget formulation/review Public Expenditure tracking Citizen report cards and surveys to

client feedback on public services Public feedback mechanisms Community/citizen monitoring of public

projects/expenditures/over-all performance

Public disclosure initiatives

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Improving Public Services – Citizen Report Cards, Bangalore (India)

Determine user perceptions on the quality, efficiency and adequacy of public services

Create a ‘report card’ that rates the performance of all major public service providers

Disseminate ‘report cards’ to the public and the rated agencies

Mobilize citizen and government support for exerting accountability

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Outcomes – Macroeconomic policy formulation & reform

• Multi-stakeholder institutional arrangements and consensus in key areas of policy formulation and implementation

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Outcomes – Macroeconomic policy formulation & reform (contd.)

• Development of mechanisms for negotiation and rules of engagement between key stakeholder groups.

• Demystification of the macro policy issues in terms of specific issues impacting various stakeholders and disseminating information more widely and publicly to enable participation and civic engagement

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Multi-stakeholder social partnership forum in Ireland

Negotiated process over 5 yrs to evolve consensus on key elements of fiscal and monetary policy (e.g. Budget deficits, wage rates, social sector spending and safety nets)

Key Impacts- Movement from budget deficit to surplus- Increased participation of civil society in

economic decision making

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Outcomes – Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation

• Development of feedback mechanisms and participatory monitoring systems which enable citizens and key stakeholders within the government to monitor key poverty actions, public actions and outcomes as a part of PRS formulation and implementation

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Outcomes – Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (contd.)

A citizen report card on PRS performance and implementation and mechanisms to incorporate citizen feedback in adaptation and improvement of the PRS (increased citizen empowerment)

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Aspects of the Participation in PRSP

1. Intra-governmental Participation

Finance & Economic Ministry <--> Line Ministries

Parliament <---> Public services

National government <---> Local government

2. Civic engagement at national level

3. Civic engagement at local level