Overview of Anthropology (1)

8/10/2019 Overview of Anthropology (1)

1/43

OverviewofAnthropology


2/43

Anthropology

The scientific study of the origin andbehaviour of man, including thedevelopment of societies and cultures.

explores the entire panorama of thehuman experience from human originsto contemporary forms of culture and

social life. the study of people


3/43


4/43

Main Branches of Anthropology

Physical Anthropology

Cultural Anthropology

AnthopologicalLinguistics/Linguistic

AnthropologyArchaeology


5/43

Physical Anthropology

deals with the origin of man, the comparative studyof racial and sub racial groups, the measurementand classification of anatomical differences among

men, problems of heredity, the influence ofdifferences in the physical environment on thehuman organism and the interrelationship

between biological and cultural differences among

men.


6/43


7/43

PRIMATOLOGY

THE SCIEN TIFIC STUDY OF P RIMATES.

PRIMATOLOGISTS STUDY BOTH LIVING

AND EXTI NCT PRIMATES IN THE IR

N AT URA L H A BITAT S A N D I N

LABORATORIES BY CONDUCTI NG FIELD

STUDIES AND EXPERIMENTS IN ORDER TO

UNDERSTAND ASPECTS OF

THEIR EVOLUTION AND B EHAVIOR.


8/43

Paleontology

the scientific study of life existent prior to,but sometimes including, the start of theHolocene Epoch. It includes the study of

fossils to determine organisms'evolution andinteractions with each other and theirenvironments (their paleoecology).


9/43

Holocene Epoch

The Holocene encompasses within it thegrowth and impacts of the human speciesworld-wide, including all its written history

and overall significant transition towardurban living in the present.

Entirely recent


10/43

Fossils

the preserved remains or traces ofanimals, plants, and other organismsfrom the remote past.


11/43


12/43

Population Genetics

- is the study of allele frequencydistribution and change under

the influence of the four mainevolutionary processes: natural

selection, geneticdrift, mutation and gene flow.


13/43


14/43


15/43


16/43

Epidemiology

is the study of thedistribution and patterns of

health-events, health-characteristics and their

causes or influences in well-defined populations.


17/43


18/43

Epidemic

occurs when new cases of acertain disease, in a given humanpopulation, and during a given period,substantially exceed what is expectedbased on recent experience.


19/43


20/43

Endemic

a disease or condition regularly foundamong particular people or in a certainarea.

E.g. "areas where malaria is endemic"


21/43


22/43

Pandemic

an epidemic of infectious disease thathas spread through human populationsacross a large region; for instancemultiple continents, or evenworldwide.


23/43


24/43

Cultural Anthropology

is a branchof anthropology focused on thestudy of cultural variationamong humans, collecting dataabout the impact of globaleconomic and politicalprocesses on local culturalrealities


25/43

Ethnography

is a qualitative researchdesign aimed at exploring

cultural phenomena whichreflect the knowledge and

system of meanings guidingthe life of a cultural group.


26/43


27/43

h l


28/43

Ethnology

compares and analyzes theorigins, distribution,

technology, religion, language,and social structure of

the ethnic, racial,and/or national divisions ofhumanity.


29/43


30/43

Historical Linguistics

(alsocalled diachroniclinguistics) is thestudyof language change.


31/43

Five main concerns:

to describe and account for observed

changes in particular languages to reconstruct the pre-history of languages

and determine their relatedness, groupingthem into language families (comparativelinguistics)

to develop general theories about how andwhy language changes

to describe the history of speechcommunities to study the history of words,

i.e. etymology.


32/43

Socio-linguistics

is the descriptive study of theeffect of any and all aspects

of society, includingcultural norms, expectations,

and context, on theway language is used, and theeffects of language use on

societ .


33/43

Descriptive Linguistics

a description (at a givenpoint in time) of a language

with respect to its phonologyand morphology and syntax

and semantics without valuejudgments.

h l


34/43

Archaeology

is the study of human activity,primarily through the recoveryand analysis of the material

culture and environmental data thatthey have left behind, which includesartifacts, architecture, biofacts and cul

tural landscapes(the archaeologicalrecord).


35/43


36/43

Artifacts

something made or given shape byman, such as a tool or a work of art,especially an object of archaeologicalinterest".


37/43


38/43

Ecofacts

natural materials that have been used by humans, forexample the remains of plants and animals that wereeaten by a given community. More generally taken asmaterial recovered from archaeological sites, orother sealed deposits, which is relevant to the studyof ancient environments and ecology. Examplesinclude: animal bones, seeds, snail shells,

waterlogged wood, and pollen.


39/43


40/43

Features/Sites

a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidenceof past activity is preserved(either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and

which has been, or may be, investigated using thediscipline of archaeology and represents a part of thearchaeological record.


41/43


42/43

Pre-historic Archaeology

is the study of the pastbefore historical recordsbegan.


43/43

Historic Archaeology

is a form of archaeologydealing with topics thatare already attested in

written records.

Overview of Anthropology (1)

Documents