REPORT TITLE • • CLUB of BOLOGNA • 25 5 th th Annual al Meeting of the Club of of Bologna • November 15-16, 2014 • Bologna – EIMA International 2014 Author or – – email Good Agricultural Practices, Product Traceability and Food Quality Prof. Dr. Ir. Josse De Baerdemaeker Prof. Dr. Ir. Wouter Saeys, Dr. Ir. Maarten Hertog, Dr. Ir. Bart De Ketelaere KU Leuven [email protected]25 th Annual Meeting – November 15-16, 2014 November 15 16 , 6 2014 GAP and Traceability Overview • GAP and precision agriculture concepts • Data handling • Quality control and evolution in the chain • Traceability
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REPORT TITLE
••CLUB of BOLOGNA
•255ththAnnual alMeeting of the Club of of Bologna•November15-16, 2014
•Bologna–EIMA International 2014
Author or ––email
Good AgriculturalPractices, Product Traceability and Food Quality
Prof. Dr. Ir. Josse De BaerdemaekerProf. Dr. Ir. Wouter Saeys, Dr. Ir. Maarten Hertog, Dr. Ir. Bart De Ketelaere
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Overview
•GAP and precision agriculture concepts•Data handling•Quality control and evolution in the chain•Traceability
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Major concerns:
•Efficient use of resources•Consumer’s concern about the properties of food •Food safety is an important issue•Transparency of production practices•Global resourcing of food•Reduce wastes •Sustainability to feed a growing population
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GLOBALG.A.P. MISSION
•“Globally connect farmers and brand owners in the production and marketing of safe food to provide assurance for consumers.
•the protection of scarce resources by the implementation of Good Agricultural Practices for a sustainable future.”
CB.1 TRACEABILITY CB.2 PROPAGATION MATERIAL CB.3 SITE HISTORY AND MANAGEMENT CB.4 SOIL MANAGEMENT CB.5 FERTILISER USE CB.6 IRRIGATION/FERTIGATION CB.7 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT CB.8 PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS CB.9 EQUIPMENT
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
GAP and precision agriculture•Say what you do•Do what you say•..•Say why•…•Profit? or•License to operate?
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Statistical Process Control
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Temperature
Sample number
Upper tolerance limit
Lower tolerance limit
Upper warninglimit
Lower warning T limit
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
•The development of data capture tools for use in orchards/fields that will enable real time measurement of (surrogate) indicators of crop condition or fruit quality.
•Combine on-the-go data capture with previous or stored information: multivariate data analysis
•Real time decision support for immediate or later action
Tacticalvariabilitymanagement basis
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
•Chocolate eggs…
Precision (Bio-) Process monitoring @ MeBioS
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 6, 62014GAP and Traceability
Precision (Bio-) Process monitoring @ MeBioS•Specific focus on processes that
•Are non stationary•Hard to model•Multivariate
•… typical for biological processes•adaptations needed
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16 November1516GAP and Trace
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
•Simple example: daily milk yield
•Large INTER subject variability •detect (often small) abnormal INTRA individual variability
individualcowlimits
cowA
cowB
Global limits
Precision (Bio-) Process monitoring @ MeBioS
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014GAP and Traceability
Laying Hen health monitoring
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 62014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
IB Infection
Red Mite InfestationPoor Plumage End
of lay
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Monitoring milk production•IMU = individual cow
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Yield (kg)
Control chart Daily Milk Yield
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Days In Milk
Cusum
Cplus/CminControl LimitsAlarm
Milk YieldCalculated reference
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
•The management unit is now a location in a field
•Observations on all locations in a field are now available during a single operation
•Spatial variability•Crop observations repeated at different times
•Temporal variability •Field management as a spatio-temporal statistical process
control challenge
On-the-gocropconditionmonitoring
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Deviationfromexpecteddevelopmentover a long period. Reasons? Intervention?
Monitor temporal cropbehavioron the basis of measurements(biomass, groundcover, quality,…)
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Fruit trees as individual management units
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Production
Exporter
Pack/
Grading
Retail
Importer
Sea/Air
Freight
Consumer
Storage
Tree/vine/area/
block/orchard
Bin
Retail pack/
purchase
Shipping container/
vessel/truck
Individual fruit
Package/tray/carton/bin
Pallet
•Where is it?•Where did it come from?•How cold is it/was it?•Is there a food safety problem with it?
Traceability in Fresh Produce Supply Chains
Frank Bollen, Lincoln Ventures Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand
Main TRU Transformers
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Perishable food products
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Intrinsiceproduct
properties
Quality assignments
Product acceptability
Social and psychological influences
Environmentalinfluences
Quality limit
Consumer
Product
Product Quality
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Quality change model
Preharvest Postharvest
time
Hue
harvest
P
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Fruit-to-fruit variance
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Hue
time (days)
Variance in at-harvest colour
Variance in end colour idd
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Data interpretation
Chain evaluationTraceabilityIdentifying causes
Product characteristics
Chain conditions
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Chain innovation
Chain con
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Information required? ? ? ?
Conditions OK!6 days remainingCurrent Quality
Quality
StatisticalKeepingQuality
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Added Intelligence•Statistical Proces Control Warnings
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Added Intelligence•Statistical Proces Control
•PredictingKeepingQuality
Warnings
#daysshelflife
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Added Intelligence•Statistical Proces Control
•PredictingKeepingQuality
•PredictingQuality
Warnings
# days shelf life
Specificproduct attributes ngQualityttributes
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Conclusions on quality control
•Statistical control models•Proven concept•Parameters industry/product dependent
•Keeping quality model•Accurate integration of sensor data into single Q-number•Generic
•Quality attribute models •Good discrimination between scenarios•Realistic time-lapse of quality attributes•Product specific
•Batch-batch variation•No absolute predictions•Screening logistic chain against ‘ideal’ chain
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modelled
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25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Precision agricultureandG.A.P. •Automatic registrationandmonitoring of allcropconditions
andtheirchange•Automatic registrationandmonitoring of allcroptreatments•Tracking andtracingof productsandinformation: fromthe
field tothe retailer tothe consumer… •Precision agriculturetechnologycanbesuccessfulin the
frameworkof G.A.P. •G.A.P. certifiedfarmers have betteropportunities….
•“licensetooperate”: whatandwhyyoudidit
G.A.P= Good Agricultural Practices
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25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Precision Agriculture, Food Security•Agriculture needs to produce more food (double by 2020?)
because the world’s population is growing…•It also needs to produce better food that’s more nutritious. •And it needs to find ways to make the process of growing
food more efficient and aligned with our environmental needs,
•So farmers use less water and land, and better utilize things like fertilizer, herbicides and pesticides.
25thAnnualMeeting –November15-16, 2014 November1516, 62014GAP and Traceability
Precision Agriculture, Food Security•Agriculture needs to produce more food (double by 2020?) because
the world’s population is growing…•It also needs to produce better food that’s more nutritious. •And it needs to find ways to make the process of growing food more
efficient and aligned with our environmental needs, •So farmers use less water and land, and better utilize things like
fertilizer, herbicides and pesticides. http://www.monsanto.com/improvingagriculture/Pages/why-does-agriculture-need-to-be-improved.aspx
It is also important that society finds better ways to reduce food waste and losses…