Overview and first Results - Klimafonds

Overview and first ResultsScience Brunch - 29.1.2018

Johannes Kathan

AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH

Starting point Photovoltaics in Low Voltage Networks

Higher penetration in recent and coming years

Trend towards local consumption of photovoltaics

Increasing installation of domestic electricity storage

Electrification of Energy Demand Space heating (heat pumps)

Domestic hot water demand (heating elements)

Mobility (electric vehicles)

Market Participation Concepts for remote control of single components

First field trials and product announcements

Service provision without consideration of local grid

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© Fronius International GmbH

© Fotolia

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Leafs in a Nutshell

Relief of the local distribution grid throughcoordinated operation

Reduced costs for additional distributed generation

Enable market participation for various components

New service possibilities for Distribution System Operators and other market participants

Use of flexibility without consideration of local grid Additional stress for the distribution grid through

uncoordinated operation with high simultainety

Higher costs for integration of additional distributed generation

Limited possibility of service provision

No usage of local synergies between components

Flexibility potential is not fully utilized

Leafs Approach

© Fronius International GmbH

© Fronius International GmbH

© Fotolia

© Fotolia

Method & Approach

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WP3Development of Functionalities and Architecture - SYSTEM SIMULATION

WP2Measurements modelling -

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

WP5Component & Interface development -

SYSTEM INTEGRATION

TRL5

TRL4

TRL3

TRL2

WP4

Ec

onom

ican

dre

gula

tory

asse

ssm

ent

WP8

Impact &

Scalability

WP7Field Trials –

SYSTEM VALIDATION

WP6

Cust

omer

In

volv

emen

t

System Architecture Integration apporach based on voltage control

scheme developed preceeding project DG DemoNet Smart LV Grid

Four integration levels defined ranging from localvoltage control to selective coordinated voltagecontrol

Control scheme is enhanced for battery energystorage systems and flexible loads

Different voltage control functions are implementedbased on each use case

Voltage control could be as well implemented as a remunerated service for the grid operator for centralstorage systems

Different access models (direct, indirect access orownership) are possible

Grid requirements overrule market requirements

Three levels of market service are defined

Market signal provision can be done by the localsystem operator or a third party

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Scope of application Operational strategy Level

End customer

Local self-consumption of PV 1Reduction of electricity

procurement costs1

Prevention of PV curtailment 1

Provision of control reservePrimary control reserve 2

Secondary control reserve 3Tertiary control reserve 3

Arbitrage operationDay-ahead trade 3Intra-day trade 3

Balance group management Provision of balancing energy 3

Level 3/4

PV System (no battery)

MV/LVTap Changer

Q(U), P(U)

Q(U), P(U)

Q(U)DYN, P(U)DYN

Ubusbar = const

Field sensors

Field sensors

PV Battery & Grid Storage Flexible Loads

Q(U), P(U), x% P(U), x%

Q(U), P(U), x% P(U), x%*

Q(U)DYN, P(U)DYN, x%DYN P(U) DYN, x%DYN*

-Ubusbar = const - -

*Flexible loads do need a local control for the consideration of grid requirementsx% = Reduction of the active power in % of nominal power

Level 2

Level 1

Level 0

Field Trial Site 1 - Köstendorf

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Field Trial Köstendorf

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-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1

Act

ive

Pow

er (P

)

Voltage (U)

Adaption of P(U)-Characteristic in times of high Voltage Spreading

Spreading ok (base state)

Spreading too big (1st Iteration)

Spreading too big (2nd Iteration)

Spreading too big (3rd Iteration)

Spreading too big (final state)

Installation of five home storagesystems

33 electric vehicles in operation

Indirect access trough localmanagement system (buildingenergy agent)

Market signal provision by localsystem operator

Dynamic voltage control for activepower depending on the spread ofthe voltage in the local grid

Coordination trough centralcontroller (SLVG-C)

Significant security effort given toimplement the system

Field Trial Site 2 - Eberstalzell

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Field Trial Eberstalzell

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-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Batt

ery

Pow

er [P

rel]

disc

harg

ing

... c

harg

ing

iteration step

Iterative Adaption of Battery-Limit Pminbat in times of high grid voltages

allowed operational range

second instance: Pmaxbat

second instance: PminBat

third instance: Pmaxbat

third instance: Pminbat

Three PV home storagesystems installed

Implementation of a operational window withdaily setting based on weather forecasts

Direct access of the singlesystems by the local gridoperator over PLC

Market signal is provided bya third party

Field trial with newincentives with up to 300 customers for grid friendlyactiviation of flexibility bycustomers

Up to 50 home automationsystems with autonomousvoltage control installed

Field Trial Site 3 - Heimschuh

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Field Trial Heimschuh

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© Energie Steiermark/Symbol

Central storage system with100kW/100kWh installed

Implementation of a community storage approachfor 10 customers for PV selfconsumption

Capacity distribution and relocation possible

Multifunctional operationimplemented in the storagesystem for additional grid and market service provision

Market signal provided byplant operator

Dynamic voltage controlalgorithm based on localvoltage implemented

First Results & Outlook

First Results Visible potential of flexibility exists for flexible loads and PV home

storage systems

Technical implementation with existing functions and standards (SunSpec) possible

Implementation of the use cases in the current regulatory framework possible - ownership of storage (as in Heimschuh) to be clarified

Economic feasibility of PV home storage systems in many cases not given

Additional usage brings less benefits as expected

Additional stress on the grid can be significant if activation is only market driven – especially on the load side

Outlook Start of all remaining field trials and field trial analysis

Large survey to assess willingness of end customers to provide flexibility

Scalability analysis to assess impact on the grid

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This project is funded by the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund within the programme Energieforschung2014.