Overcoming challenges and barriers in CSA implementation Alain Vidal, Director of Strategic Partnerships, CGIAR Consortium
Overcoming challenges and barriers in CSA implementation Alain Vidal, Director of Strategic Partnerships, CGIAR Consortium
2013
Why is CSA important? - Mitigation
“Business as usual” (BAU) agriculture emissions would comprise ~50% of allowable emissions to achieve a 2°C world
Gt CO2e per year
2010 2050 (Business as
usual)
2050 (2°C target)
9 11
40
74
Non-agricultural emissions
Agricultural and agriculture-driven land-use change emissions
~50%
49
85
22
CGIAR: the world’s leading agricultural research partnership, working towards a food secure future
At the UN SG Climate Summit in 2014, CGIAR committed to dedicate 60% of its 1b$ research for
development effort to climate-smart agriculture
CGIAR’s global research Centers
CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) portfolio
• Maize• Wheat • Rice• Roots, Tubers & Bananas• Dryland Cereals• Grain Legumes• Livestock and Fish
• Humid Tropics• Aquatic Agricultural Systems• Dryland Systems
• Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)• Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA)• Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE)
• CRP for Managing & Sustaining Crop Collections
• Policies, Institutions & Market
• Agriculture for Nutrition & Health
1. Climate-Smart technologies, practices, and portfolios
3. Low emissions development
4. Policies and institutions for climate-resilient food systems
2. Climate information services and climate-informed safety nets
How do we address challenges and barriers?
Challenge 1
Complexity of bringing the three CSA ‘pillars’ together
Keep flooded for first 15 days and at flowering
Irrigate when water drops to 15 cm below the surface
Summer/ Autumn
Winter/ Spring
30% less water
20-50% less GHG
Lower costsNo yield loss
Alternate-Wetting-and-Drying in rice in Asia (AWD)
Beware of the « wrapped chocolate »…
Source: World Bank, FAO
Food security ≠ Productivity !
Challenge 2: Integrating CSA to drive existing initiatives and programmes
Innovative approach involving:1. Situation Analysis2. Targeting, Prioritising and
Programming3. Monitoring and Evaluation
CSA PLAN also helps understand implications of CSA across value chains (challenge 9)
Challenge 3: Defining the business case for farmers
• Preference to spend on a mix of ways to minimize climatic risks
• Buying special seeds or using special machines represent value for money
• Climate information and warning services expected
Challenge 4: Access to finance for smallholder farmers
• IFAD’s Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Programme (ASAP) – 300m$ to 8m farmers
• Unlocking carbon finance
• Weather index-based insurance in India, Nigeria, etc. including for African pastoralists
• Good target for impact investment e.g. Landscape Fund to mobilize investment for landscape-level programmes (Challenge 10)
Challenge 5: CSA knowledge exchange
• SHAMBA SHAPE UP reached 9m farmers in East Africa
• Seasonal weather forecasts in Senegal reaching 2m farmers through community-based radio
• Precision fertilizer application advice through mobile phone apps in East Asia
Challenge 6: Lack of data and advisory services
Challenge 7: Uncertainty relating to policy incentives
• Detailed future scenarios for 6 regions
• National policy makers reimagine future scenarios in the context of their own goals
• 7 countries using scenarios to test and revise major climate and agriculture initiatives
Challenge 8: Accessing, analysing and monitoring data in a cost-appropriate and efficient manner
• Small-Holder Agriculture Monitoring and Baseline Assessment (SHAMBA) tool for mitigation data
• IMPACTLite Tool for production systems data
• Gender and Inclusion Toolkit for gender and social inequality data
A few take home messages
The Smart Way Forward
• Go with the whole CSA chocolate box• Unwrap the food security chocolate before eating
• Start envisage CSA as a social business where Mitigation pays for adaptation
e.g. carbon finance Adaptation pays for mitigation e.g. index-based
insurance
• Integration is key…Come and visit our Climate Smart Villages
Key Interventions in a Climate-Smart Village