Over 3,300 Megawatts and Counting Growing and Transforming One of Nation’s Largest DSM Portfolios
Over 3,300 Megawatts and CountingGrowing and Transforming One of Nation’s Largest DSM Portfolios
ABOUT DUKE ENERGY
Six regulated operating companies: Duke Energy Carolinas, Duke Energy Progress, Duke Energy Florida, Duke Energy Indiana, Duke Energy Ohio, Duke Energy Kentucky
About Duke Energy
Examples of Programs Impacting Demand
• Energy Efficiency Programs• Interruptible Service• Time of Use Rate Offerings• Real Time Pricing• Demand Side Management (DSM) ProgramsResults – Defer the need for additional power plants, delay the need for transmission and distribution upgrades, and reduce fuel costs used in generation.
1,157 MW Residential, 1,851 MW Commercial
Summer DSM Capabilities
Duke Energy DR Portfolio = 2,100+ Winter MW
CarolinasDuke Energy Progress
Residential10 MW
Commercial233 MW
Duke Energy Carolinas
Commercial450 MW
MidwestDuke Energy
Indiana
Commercial346 MW
Duke Energy Ohio
Duke Energy
Kentucky
FloridaDuke Energy Florida
Residential685 MW
Commercial433 MW
695 MW Residential1,462 MW Commercial
Winter DSM Capabilities
Duke Energy – DSM Programs
A “Traditional” DSM Program
EnergyWise HomeDuke Energy Progress
Residential - EnergyWise Home• Overview
– Control of Residential AC Units, Heat Pump Strip Heat, and Water Heaters using cycling strategies
– One-way RF paging switches using commercial paging– Both Summer and Winter Program Options – Summer - AC only, entire service territory, in 2014 120,000 customers yielding
251 MW– Winter - Water heaters, HP strip heat, western region only, in 2014 6,000
customers yielding 10 MW– 15% market penetration in 5 years
• Summer Program (System Wide)– Control Season – May through September– Control AC Units for up to 4 hours daily and up to 60 hours during control season– Participants receive an initial $25 bill credit and $25 annual bill credits– Participants have the ability to “opt-out” of control events twice per season
(average of 46 per control event or 0.04%)
Residential - EnergyWise Home• Winter Program (Western Region Only)
– Control Heat Pump Strip Heat for up to 4 hours daily and up to 60 hours during control season
• Control Season – December through March• Participants receive an initial $25 bill credit and $25 annual bill credits• Participants have the ability to “opt-out” of control events twice each season (average of 2 per
control event or 0.02%)• Participants receive an initial $25 bill credit and $25 annual bill credits
– Control Water Heating for up to 4 hours daily with no maximum limitation throughout calendar year
• Participants receive an initial $25 bill credit and $25 annual bill credits
• Customer Satisfaction– High customer satisfaction =>90% four years in a row
• Current and Future Growth Initiatives– Multi-family rental market– Two-way Wi-Fi thermostats – Expand Winter Program to entire service territory
266 MW
290 MW
312 MW
332 MW
350 MW
2015
2019
5 yr GrowthSummer MWs
Cycling Based DSM Technology
A/CCompressorRun Times
On48 minutes
Off 12 minutes
AverageRun
Time per hour(example
48 out of 60 minutes)
On - 24 minOff - 36 min
65%cycle
On - 16.8minOff - 43.2 min
On4.2 min
Off10.8min
On4.2 min
Off10.8min
On4.2 min
Off10.8min
On4.2 min
Off10.8min
On6 min
Off9 min
On6 min
Off9 min
On6 min
Off9 min
On6 min
Off9 min
50%cycle
Cycling Strategies
Two Schools of thought as to cycling strategies and the extent of their deployment –• Deploy it as often as possible irrespective of necessity:
– Use the maximum program hours per season– Employ higher cycling rates
Result: Satisfies DSM needs, can cause program participants unnecessary discomfort and an increase in attrition rates
• Deploy it when it becomes absolutely necessary:– Use to satisfy system requirements due to capacity limitations or
constraints– Use lowest possible cycling rates
Result: Satisfies DSM needs, minimizes unnecessary participant discomfort, maximizes satisfaction and minimizes attrition
DSM Program Strategies
Use participant based DSM Strategies that:• Can be deployed effectively when needed; • That effectively lessen the need for supply side
resources, as designed, when those resources are in short supply or constrained; and
• Maintain the pool of existing participants and to attract new program participants
Duke Energy – DSM Programs
A “non-Traditional” DSM Program
DSDR
DSDR - Duke Energy Progress
The Distribution System Demand Response (DSDR) Program is comprised of a system of enhanced equipment and operating controls which enables the reduction of peak load using the Company’s distribution system.
DSDR is definitely a “Non-Traditional” DSM Program.
DSDR - Duke Energy Progress
DSDR might be considered a “Non-Traditional” Energy Efficiency program as well.
In any event ……..
DSDR is an innovative voltage control program which is on the “leading edge” of grid technology and is an element of the Company’s overall Smart Grid strategy.
DSDR – What Does it Do?
• DSDR provides the ability to reduce peak load requirements which would otherwise require building peak load generation capacity. At present DSDR can provide over 320 MW.
• DSDR reduces system line losses (~32,000 MWH annually)
• DSDR reduces spinning reserves and related fuel requirements
• An additional benefit of DSDR is its capability to communicate with and help accommodate distributed generation and renewable resources
DSDR – How Does It Work?
• For a typical distribution feeder, voltage leaves the substation in proximity to the highest allowable voltage level and drops as it goes farther down the feeder to a level close to the lowest allowable level.
• The DSDR Program essentially provides and maintains consistent voltage to all customers served from the feeder.
• Consistent voltage across feeders maximizes the ability to reduce voltage when supply side resources are in short supply or constrained.
DSDR – Voltage “Equity”
Lower Regulatory Limit
Upper Regulatory Limit
Illustrative Example of Voltage Control – Pre & Post DSDR
Pre-DSDR
Post DSDR
Feed
er
Volta
ge
Feeder Length
DSDR Principle of Operation
Lower Regulatory Limit
Upper Regulatory Limit
Flattened profile allows greater Voltage Reduction
Existing
Flattened Profile after feeder conditioning
Lower Voltage to Reduce MWs
Feed
er
Volta
ge
Feeder Length
DSDR – What Does it Need?
Real Time Data from Substations and Feeder Devices• Real time status of breakers, switches and reclosers
• The Distribution Management System (DMS) is the integral component of DSDR
• DMS utilizes approximately 240,000 data points
• Average of 200 points per feeder
• A typical feeder has 1,500 customers, 10 MWs, line regulators, an electronic recloser and an average of 1.5 Medium Voltage sensors
19
DSDR Illustrative Overview
Regulator Capacitor
SUB
DSCADA
Distribution Management System
Medium Voltage Sensor
Low Voltage Sensor
DMS receives telemetered data from substation devices, line regulators, cap banks, and
MV/LV sensors.
DMS runs load flow on GIS network model.
DMS runs state estimation and calibrates the load flow
calculations using the telemetered data.
DMS will send out ‘switching sequences’ to change the
‘setpoints’ of regulators and status of capacitor banks.
20
Growing Customer Load
Trajectory of Load(dotted)
Sys
tem
Lo
ad (
DE
P)
System Load for 4 Hours During 2014 Polar Vortex
Generating Limit
DSDRLoad
Reduction
5 A
M
6 A
M
7 A
M
8 A
M
9 A
M
10 A
M
Example - Distribution System Demand Response Performance