8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
1/62
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
2/62
Brain DevelopmentBrain Development
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
3/62
Spina BifidaSpina Bifida
s.b. occulta- mild, often marked by
hair tuft over spinal defect
s.b. cystica- more severe with
protrusion of meninges and / or spinal cord
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
4/62
Meninges and Dural ReflectionsMeninges and Dural Reflections
falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
5/62
Cerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid-- formationformation
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
6/62
HydrocephalusHydrocephalus
in infants, open sutures allow for
swelling of the skull
in adults, closed sutures cause
compression of the brain against theskull
in both cases, neuronal damage is
common
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
7/62
Ventricular SystemVentricular System-- sagittal viewsagittal view
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
8/62
Ventricular SystemVentricular System-- frontal viewfrontal view
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
9/62
Ventricular SystemVentricular System-- CSF circulationCSF circulation
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
10/62
Arterial SupplyArterial Supply
primary
arteries are
vertebral and
internal carotid
circle of Willis
ensures
continuous
perfusion in the
event of
unilateralvascular
compromise
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
11/62
Venous DrainageVenous Drainage
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
12/62
BloodBlood Brain BarrierBrain Barrier
endothelial cells bound by
tight junctions
basement membrane
astrocytes
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
13/62
BrainstemBrainstem
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
14/62
MedullaMedulla-- features and functionsfeatures and functions
motor decussation- observe as obliteration of anterior fissure
sensory decussation- superior to motor decussation
inferior olivary nucleus- equilibrium / posture, precise movements
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
15/62
Superior medullaSuperior medulla-- cross sectioncross section
1. 4th ventricle
5. spinal nucleus of CN V
9. inferior olivary nucleus
12. medial lemniscus
13. corticospinal tract (not decussated)
14. spinothalamic tract
15. spinocerebellar tracts (ant & pos)
16. spinal tract of CN V
20. tectospinal tract
21. inferior cerebellar peduncle
21
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
16/62
Inferior cerebellar peduncleInferior cerebellar peduncle
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
17/62
Motor decussationMotor decussation
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
18/62
Sensory decussationSensory decussation
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
19/62
CN V nucleiCN V nuclei-- spinal nucleus ofCN Vspinal nucleus ofCN V
1.Mesencephalic nucleus
2.Sensory nucleus
3.Motor nucleus
4.Spinal nucleus
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
20/62
Inferior olivary nucleusInferior olivary nucleus
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
21/62
MedullaMedulla-- cardiovascular functioncardiovascular function
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
22/62
MedullaMedulla-- cardiovascular functioncardiovascular function
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
23/62
MedullaMedulla-- respiratory functionrespiratory function
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
24/62
MedullaMedulla-- associated CNsassociated CNs
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
25/62
PonsPons-- cross sectioncross section
1. 4th ventricle
7. spinal nucleus of CN V
9. superior olivary nucleus
10. pontine nuclei
11. corticospinal tract
12. medial lemniscus
16. spinal tract of CN V
18. tectospinal / bulbar tracts
19. pontocerebellar fibres
20. trigemino / spinothalamic tract
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
26/62
PonsPons-- superior & middle cerebellar pedunclessuperior & middle cerebellar peduncles
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
27/62
PonsPons-- middle cerebellar pedunclemiddle cerebellar peduncle
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
28/62
PonsPons-- superior cerebellar pedunclesuperior cerebellar peduncle
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
29/62
PonsPons-- pontine nucleipontine nuclei
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
30/62
PonsPons-- corticopontocerebellar fibrescorticopontocerebellar fibres
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
31/62
PonsPons-- superior olivary nucleussuperior olivary nucleus
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
32/62
PonsPons-- respiratory functionrespiratory function
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
33/62
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
34/62
MidbrainMidbrain-- cerebral pedunclescerebral peduncles
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
35/62
MidbrainMidbrain-- colliculicolliculi
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
36/62
MidbrainMidbrain-- substantia nigrasubstantia nigra
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
37/62
MidbrainMidbrain-- red nucleusred nucleus
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
38/62
MidbrainMidbrain-- associated CNsassociated CNs
CN III
CN IV
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
39/62
Reticular Formation & ARASReticular Formation & ARAS
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
40/62
CerebellumCerebellum-- external anatomyexternal anatomy
tonsils
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
41/62
CerebellumCerebellum-- internal anatomyinternal anatomy
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
42/62
ThalamusThalamus
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
43/62
HypothalamusHypothalamus
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
44/62
Epithalamus & SubthalamusEpithalamus & Subthalamus
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
45/62
Cerebral Pyramidal Cells & Projections FibresCerebral Pyramidal Cells & Projections Fibres
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
46/62
Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex-- external anatomyexternal anatomy
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
47/62
Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex-- external anatomy with insulaexternal anatomy with insula
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
48/62
Cerebral White MatterTractsCerebral White MatterTracts
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
49/62
Internal Capsule & Basal GangliaInternal Capsule & Basal Ganglia
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
50/62
Limbic SystemLimbic System
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
51/62
Functional Areas of the Cerebral CortexFunctional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
52/62
Sensory homunculusSensory homunculus
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
53/62
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
54/62
Functional Areas of the Cerebral CortexFunctional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
55/62
Visual PathwayVisual Pathway
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
56/62
Functional Areas of the Cerebral CortexFunctional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
57/62
Auditory PathwayAuditory Pathway
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
58/62
TectoTecto --spinal &spinal & --bulbar tractsbulbar tracts
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
59/62
Functional Areas of the Cerebral CortexFunctional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
60/62
Gustatory PathwayGustatory Pathway
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
61/62
Primary motor pathwayPrimary motor pathway
8/9/2019 OVCMT, NA- lec. 8, brain
62/62
Functional Areas of the Cerebral CortexFunctional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex