Outreach presentation by the THE EUROPEAN UNION Unless otherwise specified, all images and icons in this presentation are publicly available from commons.wikimedia.org.

Outreach presentation by the

THE EUROPEAN UNION

Unless otherwise specified, all images and icons in this presentation are publicly available from commons.wikimedia.org under the names specified in the respective captions or by looking up the relevant topic (e.g. flags, maps)

Aurélien MazuyPascaline WinandCaitlin GhellerAlfonso Martínez Arranz

Contents

Who I am Pascaline WinandMy identities:

BelgianEuropean:

Father from Walloon and Flemish parts of Belgium Mother from France and Austria

International: Studied and taught in Belgium, France, the United

States, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Peru, Italy and now in Australia

Cześć

!

Hey!

¡Hola!

Salut !

Belgium: a mini-Europe

Languages (and regions) of Belgium Yellow (Flanders): DutchRed (Wallonia): FrenchOrange (Brussels): French – DutchBlue (Wallonia): German

The monumental main square in Brussels

A brief introduction

One of a kind…Not a State: in-between a state and an

international organisation

Not Europe: Norway, Switzerland etc. are not members of the EU

Has 28 member states with the accession of Croatia in 2013

Population

EU total (28 countries)

505,730,473

Euro area (18 countries)

334,097,767

Germany 80,523,746

France 65,633,194

United Kingdom 63,887,988

Italy 59,685,227

Spain 46,704,308

Poland 38,533,299

Romania 20,057,458

Netherlands 16,779,575

Belgium 11,161,642

Greece 11,062,508

Czech Republic 10,516,125

Portugal 10,487,289

Hungary 9,908,798

Sweden 9,555,893

Austria 8,451,860

Bulgaria 7,284,552

Denmark 5,602,628

Finland 5,426,674

Slovakia 5,410,836

Ireland 4,591,087

Croatia 4,262,140

Lithuania 2,971,905

Slovenia 2,058,821

Latvia 2,023,825

Estonia 1,324,814

Cyprus 865,878

Luxembourg 537,039

Malta 421,364As of 1 January 2013. Data source: Eurostat

MembershipHow can a country become a member of the

European Union? Be a “European country” Respect human rights, democracy and other

“European values” since 1993 laid down in The Copenhagen Criteria

Examples:Morocco’s application rejected in 1987 as “not

European” without further considerationTurkey has been left waiting since 1986 but negotiations

have slowly progressed

Many member states and…EU institutions (Commission, Council, Court

of Justice…)Many policies: agriculture, environment,

competition, immigration…Many players: private interest groups, citizen

groups, non EU governmental actors, journalists…

But what do people speak?

- Working languages: English, French and German

- Official languages: the languages of the member states (i.e 24 languages)

- Citizens can ask for any document in their own language

The European Union ‘Symbols’:

An anthem: “Ode to Joy” by Beethoven

A flag:12 stars

Europe Day 9 May

A day to remember:

Schuman declaration

On 9 May 1950 French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman called for a supranational organisation to unite European countries

A motto:“United in diversity”

The reasons for European integration

But rarely peaceful!

-Roman Empire : 27 BCE to 476 CE

-Carolingian Empire: 7th century

-Christendom during the Middle Ages

-Habsburg Empire: 17th century

-Napoleon Empire : 19th century

-Axis Conquests in WWII

Uniting Europe: a long tradition

War Trauma- European institutions created in the aftermath of WWI (1914-

1918) & WWII (1939-1945), which were fought disproportionately in Europe

- Millions of Britons, French, Germans, Italians and others died, making up over 3% of their total populations (cf. 1.38% of Australian pop. who perished in WWI)

German dead at the Battle of the Somme, 1916

Ruins of Warsaw, 1945

The case for the modern UnionNow that fear of war is increasingly a distant

memory…

“A strong Europe in a globalised world”- Possible to compete with other economic giants (USA

/ Japan / China…)- Coordinating foreign policies to recover lost influence- More coherent to tackle terrorism and organized

crime- Defend certain values: rule of law, human rights,

peace

From economic to political integration

Early European CommunitiesIn 1951, six European countries established a

European Coal and Steel Community

Early European CommunitiesIn 1957, the same

founding members sign the Treaties of Rome creating the European

Economic CommunityEuropean Atomic

Energy CommunityTreaties of Rome still in

use today (heavily amended): formal predecessors of the modern-day EU

Who were the six founding members?

- France- Germany- The Netherlands- Italy- Belgium- Luxembourg

Can you find the six founding members on the map?

France Germany The Netherlands Italy Belgium Luxembourg

France

Italy

Germany

Belgium

Luxembourg

The Netherlands

Belgium

France

Germany

Italy Luxembourg

The Netherlands

1973: The Community expands to nine member states and develops its common policies

Denmark

Republic of Ireland

The United Kingdom

CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007

Can you find the new members on the map?

DenmarkThe U.KRep. of Ireland

Denmark

Republic of

Ireland

The United

KingdomRep. of Ireland

UK

Denmark

1979: The 1st direct elections to the European Parliament (now held every five years)

Greece: January 1981

Spain: January 1986

Portugal: January 1986

1981 & 1986: The 1st Mediterranean enlargements

CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007

Can you find the new members on the map?

GreeceSpainPortugal

SpainPortugalGreece

Greece (1981)

Spain (1986)

Portugal (1986)

1980s: the single marketDespite some progress, after decades of

integration many impediments remained to free trade within the European Community

During the 1980s, President of the European Commission Jacques Delors devised a plan to have a Single Market by 1992 to further harmonise regulation, and improve free movement of goods and capital

Leads to the Single European Act (signed in 1986)

Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989Some are reticent to let

Germany reuniteGermany agrees to

deeper European integration, including a common currency

Unification of Germany in October 1990 (‘silent’ EU enlargement)

European Union createdNovember 1993: The Treaty of Maastricht establishes the

European Union

Foreign policy, common currency, justice system and other key sovereignty markers are tackled by the integration process for the first time

CE | |

January 1995: The European Union expands to 15 members

Austria

Finland

Sweden

CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007

Can you find these new countries on the map?

AustriaFinlandSweden

Austria

Finland

Sweden

1995 enlargement

Finland

Austria

Sweden

The road to the euro1992 Maastricht Treaty establishes provisions for common

currency

1994 European Central Bank established

1995 Name “euro” chosen

1997 Stability Pact signed

1999 Euro valid as e.g. for cheques, etc.

2002: Euro notes and coins introduced

What is the value of 1 Euro?

= 1.52 $AUS (as of 3/1/2014)

CE | | P-008484/00-11 | 2001

A French baguette:

A. 4€B. 1,50€C. 23,65€

B. 1,50€ (= 2,51 $AUS)

Spaghetti at a restaurant:

A. 16€B. 36€C. 45€

A. 16€ (= 26,8 $AUS)

Thalys train ticket (Paris-Brussels) one way – full fare:

A. 39€B. 49€C. 99€

A. 39€ (= 48,69 $AUS)

2004: Ten more countries join the European Union:

PolandEstoniaLithuaniaLatviaThe Czech RepublicMaltaCyprusHungarySlovakiaSlovenia

CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png

Can you find these new members on the map?

CyprusThe Czech RepublicEstoniaHungaryLatvia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Estonia

Hungary

Latvia

CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007

Estonia

Hungary

Latvia

Czech Republic

Cyprus

Eastern enlargement 2004

CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007

Can you find these new members on the map?

LithuaniaMaltaPolandSlovakiaSlovenia

CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007

Malta

Slovakia

Lithuania

Poland

Slovenia

Lithuania

Malta

Poland

Slovakia

Slovenia

Eastern enlargement 2004

The European Union: Still debated2005: The “Constitutional crisis”- “NO” from France and the Netherlands on a referendum

implementing a Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe- Mostly a rejection of national governments in those countries

but also- Too many war capabilities, too many state-like symbols,

too much without explaining why…

Eastern enlargement 2007Bulgaria

Romania

Romania

Bulgaria

The Lisbon TreatySigned 2007: “Reform treat”. Most practical,

governance changes of the Constitution adopted but symbolic measures dropped.

Entered into force 2009: last of the series of Treaties

Latest Accession On 1st July 2013

Croatia:

CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007

Member states of the European Union

Candidate and potential candidate countries

Official member states and candidates as of 2014

Eurozone crisis Nobel Peace Prize

The Eurozone Crisis: In most European countries during the 2000s, it was

easy to borrow money to finance spending that would then generate an easy growth

For instance, the euro brought historically very low interest rates to Ireland and Spain, generating a consumer-driven property bubble

Greece had even cooked the books to enter the Eurozone to benefit from low interest rates for its own government bonds

The Eurozone Crisis Bursting of a property bubble in the US led to

Global Financial Crisis banks collapsed, growth slowed Interest rates skyrocketed for all but a few very solid and/or trusted economiesIreland and Spain had surpluses; but when their

property bubbles burst, governments rescued banks, acquiring expensive-to-finance debt

Greece, Italy and Portugal already had a lot of debt and their rates skyrocketed

UK also high debt and was in recession, but has one of longest track records in bond repayments

Vicious circle: the less money available to countries/companies, the less it could be pumped into the economy (as opposed to debt repayments, etc.)

Latest economic indicators (1)

Data: 1 January 2014 from European CommissionGraph: The Economist

Data as of October 2013 from Eurostat

Latest economic indicators (2)

Official unemployment rate

The EU was awarded the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize "for over six decades [having] contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe".

Nobel committee president Thorbjoern Jagland highlighted the EU’s work on:

• Reconciliation between France and Germany • The incorporation of post-authoritarian states such as Greece,

Portugal and Spain • The reconciliation of Balkan states.

The EU donated its prize money to children affected by war, known as the ‘Children of Peace Initiative’

Nobel Peace Prize

Nobel Peace Prize

The Presidents of the European Council, Commission and Parliament (Van Rompuy, Barroso and Schultz) receive honour from the Norwegian Parliament

Council Parliament Commission

State representatives (national ministers)

- 6-month rotating Presidency:

January 2014 to June 2014: Greece

July 2014 to December 2014: Italy Antoni Samaras Greek Prime

Minister

The Council of the EU

The European ParliamentRepresents EU citizensElections by universal

suffrage across the Union: every 5 years Last one in 2009, next one

scheduled for July 2014

3 locations: Secretariat in LuxembourgStrasbourg (plenaries)Brussels

(committees/plenaries)

Brussels seat

Strasbourg seat

The European CommissionRepresents the common European interestOne Commissioner per member State (28)Location : Brussels President : José Manuel Barroso

Berlaymont building in Brussels, main seat of the Commission

The European CouncilHeads of state or government of EU member states, President of the European Commission, President of the European Council. The High Representative for Foreign Affairs also takes part in its meetings.

Herman Van RompuyEuropean Council President

Catherine AshtonHigh Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

Other actors- The Court of Justice- The Court of Auditors

European Economic and Social Committee (Brussels)

The Committee of the Regions (Brussels)The European Investment Bank

(Luxembourg)The European Central Bank (Frankfurt am

Main)

Common policies Common rights

Common PoliciesThe Common Agricultural Policy- Originally: help a war-torn Europe recover food

security. more than 60% of budget before the 1990s- Now subsidises farmers to not over-produce and to

respect the environment

Environmental standards and policiesStringent water quality normsElectronic waste recycling requirementsRenewable Energy targets (20% by 2020)

Common rightsRight to free movement

and residence within the Union

Right to vote in municipal elections (if a resident)

Rights of consular protection abroad (if own country’s unavailable)

Example: education-Erasmus Scholarships for European students to study for one semester or one year at a European university -Through Bologna Process: unifying systems to facilitate international recognition of degrees and semesters abroad

- Changes imitated around the world

-Now Erasmus Mundus, also available for students around the world 2013 budget €490 million

Right: picture of Erasmus students from several EU countriesLeft: A popular movie describing the experiences of a group of Erasmus students

Far but close

First European contactsA number of European powers sent explorers

since the 17th century- Dutch: 1606 Willem Janszoon landed in Queensland 1642 Abel Tasman named Van Dieman’s Land

- Spanish: 1606 Luis Váez de Torres Torres Strait

- French: 1756 laid claim to Western Australia

- English: 1770 James Cook Botany Bay

Captain James Cook

- 18th-19th Century : UK (Gold Rush)- A majority of Australians today have Anglo-Celtic

ancestry- Most institutions are rooted in British traditions

- Post-WWII immigration also largely from Europe: Jewish, Dutch, Italian, Greek, German, Yugoslavian …

- Overall nearly 70% of Australians can claim European ancestry

Lasting influence

Latest data available from Australian Bureau of Statistics as of 2014

- About 30,000 new European migrants to Australia every year

- 1.3 million Europeans visit Australia every year

- About 1 million Australians travel to Europe (Source:http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/european_union/eu_brief.html)

“Recent arrivals”

Since the UK joined the EU, Australia complained bitterly about the consequences of the Common Agricultural Policy and the removal of Commonwealth preferences

EU opened up diplomatic relations in 1962, but made no special efforts to reach out to Australia

Joint Declaration (1997) focused on very general foreign policy & security goals: - tackle terrorism - counter nuclear proliferation

Yet…

Long misunderstanding

High economic relevanceThe EU as a bloc is Australia’s largest foreign

investorNearly 2,400 EU companies in Australia, Created close to an estimated 500,000 jobs in

Australia (indirectly 1.4 million jobs)

In 2011, the EU was Australia's second-largest trading partner (in goods and services) after China, with total trade worth $A81 billionEU imports: processed foods and mineral oresAustralia imports: medicaments (including

veterinary), passenger motor vehicles and aircraft and related equipment.

Data source: http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/australia/eu_australia/key_facts/index_en.htm

In 2008, after protracted stagnation during the Howard era, the Australia – European Union Partnership Framework was launched in Paris in 2008, covering:

• Foreign policy and global security

• Trade rules

• The Asia-Pacific region

• Energy issues, climate change and fisheries and forestry

• Science, research, technology and innovation, education

and culture and facilitating the movement of people

A new partnership

Data source: http://eeas.europa.eu/australia/index_en.htm

Multiplication of visits and exchanges Contacts between the

Australian Parliament and the European Parliament, 2007

Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard in Brussels 2009, 2010

Barroso in Canberra in 2011 Regular ministerial level

meetings

Commemoration of 50 years of Australian-EU relations in Canberra in 2012

Intensification of exchanges

Data source: http://eeas.europa.eu/australia/index_en.htm

As “like-minded partners”, annual meetings among senior officials to discuss top political prioritiesTrade, terrorism, climate change

Science & technology: research programs Forum for European–Australian Science and Technology

Cooperation (FEAST) 2002-2012Connecting Australia and European Science & Innovation

Excellence) (CAESIE) 2012 – ongoing

Aid coordination in Asia-Pacific Region EU largest donor worldwide and only second to Australia

itself in this region Humanitarian aid and peacekeeping collaboration in Aceh and

East Timor Development cooperation across the Pacific Islands

EU – Australia joint activities

Data source: http://eeas.europa.eu/australia/index_en.htm

Schengen NATO Eurovision

North Atlantic Treaty created this Organisation in 1949Provided for US protection

of Europe from Soviet forces

Currently remains a key element in European military planning (e.g. Libya intervention)

NATO

NATO’s increasing membershipNote the enlargement towards the East after the end of the Cold War and the neutral countries: Austria, Ireland, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland.

Schengen zone

Initiated by some European Union member states in the 1980s

Reinforced outer borders, inner borders relaxed: no need for a passport

The Schengen Zone also includes non-EU members (Switzerland, Norway) and does not include the UK or Ireland (EU citizens can still settle in these two without hindrance)

UEFA: Union of European Football Associations - 53 national associations- UEFA Champions League: predecessor started in 1955- Current winner: Bayern Munich (Germany)- Most successful team : Real Madrid (Spain)

UEFA

Real Madrid’s Di Stefano with five of his club’s Champions League trophies, which he helped win during the 1970s

Bayern Munich celebrates its latest win

First held in 195643 countries and 24 in the finals“Big Five” largest contributors, guaranteed a spot in

the finals: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and United Kingdom. Others must compete.

Controversially held in Azerbaijan 2014 competition taking place in Copenhagen after

2013 win by Emmelie de Forest, singing “Only teardrops” for Denmark

Questions ?

Suggestions: have a look at http://www.cvce.eu/recherche for videos, oral histories etc. which could assist you with teaching about the European Union and its history.