OUTLINE Subject : Compare Windows and Linux Operating Systems Hacer ÇONDUR & Yasemin Tuğba TATLIBAL.

OUTLINE

Subject : Compare Windows and Linux Operating Systems

Hacer ÇONDUR &

Yasemin Tuğba TATLIBAL

History of Computer

• The ancient of computer is abacus.

• first electronical computer

• found by ENIAC.• weigth was 30 ton• 20.000 vacuum

tubes.• It was very huge.

• First personnel computer

• created by IBM in 1980.

• Small computers was developed by IBM.

• This small computers O/S was MS-DOS.

• MS-DOS was ancient of the Windows.

• Then,computers are developed day by day.

What is the Operating System?

• (O/S) is a -computer program -manages the hardware and software -resources of a computer. -controlling and allocating memory -prioritizing system requests -controlling input and output devices, -facilitating networking, and managing files.• (O/S) is the first thing loaded onto the

computer.• without the operating system, a computer is

useless.

History of Operating System

• 1970 Unix • 1984 Apple Macintosh OS• 1990 Windows 3.0• 1991 Linux• 1995 Windows 95• 2000 Windows 2000 and Windows XP

Windows and Linux Operating System• The ancient of

Windows is MS-DOS.• Windows is a

software.• Versions of the

Windows are -Windows 95 -Windows 98 -Windows NT -Windows 2000 -Windows XP(new

version

• The ancient of Linux is UNIX.

• Linux is a software.• Versions of the Linux

are -Mandreke Linux -Mandriva Linux -SuSe Linux -Ubuntu Linux -Pardus Linux (made

in Turkey )

What is the file system?

• method for storing • organizing computer files and the

data• to make it easy to find and access

them. • storage device such as a hard disk

or CD-ROM• Many filesystems found on

common operating systems

Windows File Systems

• include FAT which is File Allocate Table.• File Allocate Table is a partially -patented file system -developed by Microsoft -for MS-DOS and versions of Microsoft

Windows.• a cluster is the unit of disk space allocation

for files and directories.• Fragmentation is a allocate/separate.• Defragmentation is a deallocate.

Fragmente and Defragmente

• The data which is wanted to save with operating system.

• Fragmentation is parçalanma.• Example - MyComper/Manage/Disk

Rotation/Fragmente or Defragmente…

Defragmentation

• defragmentation eliminates fragmentation in file systems

• FAT - with a defragmentation utility• NTFS - include a defragmentation utility.. • ext2 uses an offline defragmenter called e2defrag. • ext3 has no defragmentation tool, but can be

temporarily downgraded to ext2. • JFS provides the defragfs utility. (IBM operating

systems only) • XFS provides an online defragmentation utility • Note: Linux filesystems try to keep

defragmentation low as long as you keep 20% empty space.[2

FAT12,FAT16,FAT32,NTFS

• FAT12-The oldest type of FAT

uses-No support for hierarchical

directories.-limited directories and root• FAT16-FAT16 is less popular then

FAT32-limited directories and root-15 sectors per track

clusters size went down from 2 sectors to just 1.

• FAT32 -The newest FAT type -no limitation -supported by -Windows95,98,2000• NTFS- New Technology File

System - high-performance - Defragmenta(disk

birleştirici) is very quickly

- Windows 2000, XP, Server 2003 and Vista

COMPARING FAT 12 ,16,32

NTFS

Platter, Sector, Track, Cluster

• Hard Disk has a many platter, read and write head and spindle motor.

• Platter is made by glass and ceramic.• They use ceramic • resistance then covers surface • with magnetic films.• Platter save information with sectors

and tracks.• Each sector include 256 or 512 bytes.• All sectors occur tracks in the platters.• Clusters are small place which

separates components above the hard disk.

• Save the files or programs, move these clusters.

Platters

Track and Sector

Converts to NTFS from the FAT32

• Explain -CONVERT disk driver: /FS/NTFS• Example -CONVERT C: /FS/NTFS• Other converts…

What is the Linux file system? • Has a many file system.• Such as -minix (first file system) -ext FS (Extended File System) -ext2 FS (The Second Extended File

System) -ext3 FS (Third Extended File System) -ext4 FS (Fourth Extended File System) -JFS ( Journaling File System) -XFS -NSS -NFS -ISO9660

GROUP OF JOURNAL FILE SYSTEM

• Some file system include journal system

-JFS -GPFS -GFS-Ext3 -ext4- XFS

JFS (Journaling File System)

• High performance and scalability • Journaled • POSIX extended access controls • used by IBM in AIX and OS/2. • feature rich file system ported to Linux • to allow for ease of migration of existing

data. • It has been shown excellent

performance across a variety of workloads.

JFS

Group of POSIX

-ext2 -ext3 -ext4 -GFS -GPFS -JFS -XFS

POSIX

• Portable Operating System Interface for UNIX

• Suitable for IEEE • What is IEEE ?

Minix • is an open source• based on a microkernel architecture.• Andrew S. Tanenbaum wrote the o\s• to be used for educational purposes; • MINIX also inspired the creation of Linux. • name derives from the words minimal

and UNIX.• Today MINIX is not used by people.• filename length limitation to 14

characters• allowed 2 gigabytes of data • filenames of up to 255 characters.

Ext FS (Extanded File System)

• first file system created specifically for the Linux operating system.

• It was designed by Rémy Card • to overcome certain limitations of the Minix

file system. • Powerful and extensible.• Block size is 1024 bytes• a file of 1025 bytes will occupy two 1024

byte blocks. • this means that on average you waste half a

block per file.

EXT3

EXT4

NTFS

X Font Server

The Novell Storage Services

Linus Tarvolds && Bill Gates

•Bill Gates developed.

•The ancient of Windows is MS-DOS.

•Linus Torvalds developed.

•The ancient of Linux is UNIX.

COMPARE AND OS

COMPARE AND OS

COMPARE AND OS

Suse Linux and Windows XP

COMPARE and -kernel is the central component of most computer OS. -managing the system's resources -communication between h/w and s/w components. -Memory ,processors and I/O devices -applications must control to perform their function.

• Has a monolithic kernel.• GNU (GNU’s is Not UNIX) • GNU is a operating

system.• Presented by Novell

company• Suse’s name came from

Software Und System Entwicklung

• produce by Germany

has a hybrid kernel.• Is created MS-DOS• Presented by Microsoft

Corparation• Windows’s name came

from windows eXPerience

• Produce by America

Monolithic Kernel and Hybrid kernel

• A monolithic kernel

• a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware

• implement operating system services such as

-process management, concurrency

-memory management in one or more modules

• Hybrid kernel - combining aspects of

microkernel and monolithic kernel.

- example of a hybrid kernel is the NT kernel inside Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003, and Windows Vista.

LINUX AND WINDOWS

Monolithic Kernel Hybrid Kernel

Why does virus not enter Linux OS?

• Open source• Blogged by

programmers• Programmers

write patch(yama)• Linux do not allow

to users all rights.

• http://youtube.com/watch?v=IfH285cN35g (linux kicks windows)

• http://youtube.com/watch?v=3yy51hIfIQU (windows errors)