Outline: Introduction Some experimental remarks Extra Dimensions (ADD, TeV -1 , RS, UED, BH)

06.07.2006 BSM Physics @LHC - R. Alemany

Outline: 1. Introduction2. Some experimental remarks3. Extra Dimensions (ADD, TeV-1, RS, UED, BH)4. Extra Gauge Bosons 5. How to discriminate between models6. Conclusion

BSM PHYSICS AT LHC

by R. Alemany (LIP/CMS) on behalf of


1. Introduction■ Theorist argue in different ways, as we heard from S.

Pokorski’s talk, that there should exist physics Beyond the Standard Model. This is one of the reasons why the LHC and its detectors are being built.

■ … but one must keep in mind that nature may prove to be more creative than we are, and that something completely unexpected may be discovered at LHC…

■ During this talk I will review the most recent results, from the experimental (simulation) point of view, on: Extra Dimensions Extra Gauge Bosons

2/23


2. Some experimental remarks Theoretical uncertaintiesTheoretical uncertainties:

Parton Distribution Functions (PDF) Hard process scale (Q2) NNLO vs NLO vs LO calculations (K factors)affect the S and B magnitudes, the cut efficiency, the significance ...

Detector uncertaintiesDetector uncertainties: AlignmentAlignment: key element in the performance of track reconstruction:

tracker (~ 10 μm) muon system (~100–500 μm) Misalignment spoils the intrinsic resolution of the tracking detectors.Misalignment sources are: Detector construction tolerances Detector assembly, Magnetic and Gravitational Field effects (~ cm

for μ-chambers) During operation: thermal instabilities, e.g. CMS TRK will be

operated at ~ -20°C, humidity effects, ...

3/23


Detector uncertaintiesDetector uncertainties: Energy CalibrationEnergy Calibration: key element in the performance of e//hadrons

energy reconstruction. It is composed of:

absolute energy scale: a global component channel-to-channel energy scale: relative component ( intercalibration).

The energy reconstruction has also a systematic uncertainty component coming from misaligned/miscalibrated tracker.

Drift timeDrift time and drift velocities (e.g. μ-chambers: t0*(±2ns),

drift velocity scaling (±3%)).

4/23


3. Extra Dimensional Models The main motivation for the

development of theories BSM is the Hierarchy Problem:

Gravity/EW&Strong ~ 10Gravity/EW&Strong ~ 101919/10/1033??

Perturvative solutions: SupersymmetrySupersymmetry

Alternatively, one can exploit the geometry of space-time via Extra Dimensional TheoriesExtra Dimensional Theories

Several possibilities have been suggested to solve this “naturality” problem:

Non- Perturvative solutions: Compositeness Compositeness and Technicolorand Technicolor

weak

strong gravity

em

■ Large ED (ADD)

Graviton

ED

■ TeV-1 size ED

Gauge bosons

ED

■ Universal ED

fermionsED

■ Randall-Sundrum(Warped ED)

ED

φ

■Planck

SMrφ=0

rφ=r

5/23


Gravity propagates in a bulk of 4+ extra dimensions of radius R R seen as an infinite tower of KK states in 4-dim.

ADD Model

Model parameters:1. :: number of extra dimensions2. MMPl(4+Pl(4+) ) (=MMDD): fundamental scale (above which new physics enters and modifies the results):

M2Pl ~ M2+

Pl(4+Pl(4+)) RR

for MPl ~ 1019 GeV and MMDD ~ MEW RR ~ 1032/ 10-17cm

ADD Model Ref: [ADD1,ADD2,ADD3]

Graviton

ED

MMPlPl is not a fundamental scale, but MMEWEW

mGn/RR light Gn for R < mm mG(KK,KK+1) [~ eV, MeV]

Gn couplings MPl-1 … but mG<<

high density of KK modes produced >>high density of KK modes producedhigh density of KK modes produced

light Glight Gnn

MMPl(4+Pl(4+))

6/23

2006

MD/ 2 3 4 5 6

S= 2((S+B) - B) > 5 [SIG2]

ADD expectations inDirect production of GDirect production of GKKKK

p p

(high pT, central η)

GG (high pTmiss)

back-to-back

Graviton

ED

Gen (S):Gen (S): PYTHIA vs SHERPA, CTEQ6LGen (B):Gen (B): PYTHIA vs SHERPA vs CompHEP vs Madgraph(dis)Sim/Rec:Sim/Rec: Full

GG (pTmiss >500 GeV)

jet (ET>500 GeV)

+ veto on e, μ & τ (iso+ID)

p p

s=14 TeVL=100 fb-1

ETmiss (GeV)

2001

J. Phys., G 27 (2001) 1839-50

jW(e/μ )jW(τ)jZ()Tot back=2 MD=4 TeV=2 MD=8 TeV=3 MD=5 TeV=4 MD=5 TeV

Gen (S+B):Gen (S+B): ISAJET UVCUT CTEQ3LSim/Rec:Sim/Rec: Fast

For L=100 fb-1

MD= 7.77.7::6.26.2::5.25.2

= 22: : 33: : 44(S/B>5,S>100, Ejet

Tcut>1TeV)

jet+Z jet+Z jet jet jet+W jet+W jet l jet l

ZZ We(μ,τ), W e +jets, QCD, di-, Z0+jets

J. Weng et al. CMS NOTE 2006/129

Theoretical

systematics

included

7/23

NICE

- The estimated rates for cosmic muons (the biggest background in CDF) and beam halo muons for a pTmuon > 400 GeV is 11 Hz and 1 Hz respectively. Those backgrounds have not been considered in CMS analysis yet.

NICE

- Another interesting signal at LHC is the production of a G in association with a photon. However the rates are much lower than in the jet case, ans the region (delta,M_D) which can be probed is much more limited.- This signature could be used as a confirmation after the discovery in the jet channel.- This signature will not be detectable in the low P_T region becuase the cross-section of the background, in particular the irreducible one, is too large. Therefore, a minimum p_T > 400 GeV is consistently requested.


ADD expectations in Virtual production of GVirtual production of GKKKK

Graviton

ED

p

μ

p

=SM+INT +KK2

= f(MD,,s)

(2 OS-μ, mμμ>1TeV)

Z/Z/ μμμμZZ,WZ,WW,tt

GKK

μμ

~ 4 TeV

~ 5.5 TeV ~ 5.5 TeV

~ 8.3 TeV [3,6]

S= 2((S+B) - B) > 5 [SIG2]

I. Belotelov et al. CMS NOTE 2006/076CMS PTDR 2006

2006

8/23

Gen (S):Gen (S): @LO+ K=1.38 STAGEN+ PYTHIA ISR&FSR CTEQ6LSim/Rec:Sim/Rec: FullSyst UncertSyst Uncert:: theoretical + μ & TRK misalignment TRG system

NICE

- The presence of virtual graviton in Drell-Yan processes leads to a considerable excess in the production of di-leptons and di-photons events.- ATLAS results: V. Kabachenko, A. Miagkov, A. Zenin, ATL-PHYS-2001-012Mass scale reach:* low lumi: # 6.6 TeV di-leptons# 6.32 TeV di-photons* high lumi (di-leptons&di-photons):# 7.9 TeV


■ Model parameters:

1. : the scale of physical processes in the TeV brane

2. c=k/Mc=k/MPlPl, k is a scale of the order of the Planck scale

Gravity propagates in a 5-dim bulk of finite extent with two rigid boundaries of (3+1) dim that extend infinitely

SM fields are constraint on one of the 3-brane (y = RR) m(Gn) = kkxnee--kkRR = xn(k/(k/MPl) ~ TeV~ TeV

Gn couplings -1-1 (n1)

RS(1) model ED

φ

Planck

SMrφ=0

rφ=r

Ref: [RS1,RS2]

ED

φ

■Planck

SMrφ=0

rφ=r

c=1

c=0.5c=0.1

c=0.05

c=0.01

Drell-Yan production of a 1.5 TeV Gn and its

subsequent tower states

pp Gn ll

9/23

m(Gm(Gnn) ) TeVTeV

couplings -1

c=k/Mc=k/MPlPl

NICE

At the LHC the Gkk of RS(1) would be seen as difermion or diboson resonances, since (unlike the Gkk of ADD) the coupling of each KK mode is only ~TeV suppressed. The width of the resonances are controlled by c, the lower the c the narrow the resonances.

NICE

x_n: roots of the Bessel function of order 1.

RS(1) expectations in

p

e

p

ee

G1

μ

μ

S=(2[(S+B)log(1+S/B)-S]) [SIG1]

Full simulation and reconstruction

10/23

GG11μμ++μμ--

Z/Z/ μμμμZZ, WW ZZ, WW WZ, ttWZ, tt

I. B

elot

elov

et a

l. C

MS

NO

TE

200

6/10

4C

MS

PT

DR

200

6

MG (GeV/c2)

c

2006

1 syst. uncert.

Z/Z/ ee ee+jets, QCD

MG (TeV/c2)

c

2006

R. Clerbaux et al. CMS NOTE 2006/083CMS PTDR 2006

GG11 e e++ee--

R. C

lerb

aux

et a

l. C

MS

NO

TE

200

6/08

3C

MS

PT

DR

200

6

2006

GG11 c

MG (TeV/c2)

di-di-+jets, QCD,DY(e)

ED

φ

Planck

SMrφ=0

rφ=r

NICE

- At the LHC the Gkk of RS(1) would be seen as difermion or diboson resonances, since (unlike the Gkk of ADD) the coupling of each KK mode is only ~TeV suppressed.- gloun fusion dominates the cross-section up to m_G = 3.4 TeV, this has important implications for the angular distribution.

NICE

S: likelihood estimator based on event counting suited for small event samples. Discovery limit S>5.

NICE

- c > 0.1 disfavoured on theoretical grounds because the bulk curvature becomes too large > 5-dim planck scale.


RS(1) expectations in

ED

φ

Planck

SMrφ=0

rφ=r

~ 3

.2 T

eV~

3.2

TeV

~ 3

.3 T

eV~

3.3

TeV

~ 3

.5 T

eV~

3.5

TeV

2006

10 fb-1

MG (TeV/c2)

c

CMS PTDR

μμ ee

11/23


M2M2: quark and leptons localized at opposite fixed orbifold points

constructive interference.■ Higgs in the bulk the VEV of H0 SSB m(gaugen)=[m0

2+nn/RR2]1/2

TeV-1-size ED modelsRef: [TEV1]

bosonsED

■ =1

The results shown in the following assume:

■ Fermions localized at specific points in the TeV-1 dim but not on a rigid brane (suppress of a number of

dangerous processes). Two models:

M1M1: All SM fermions localized at the same orbifold point KK gauge states coupling to SM fermions is 2g destructive interf. between SM gauge bosons and KK excitations.

me+e- (GeV)

G. Azuelos, G. Polesello EPJ Direct 10.1140 (2004)

ppZ1/1e+e-

12/23

NICE

- KK excitations of the bosons can be seen at LHC (meaning that they within the LHC reach) for one extra dimensions, or two if n_max is very small. - g1 resonances may be difficult to detect becuase:1. experimental jet energy resolution2. resonance's very large width to mass ration when its mass lies above ~ 4 TeV.- however, ATLAS has investigated the decay of g1 to bb & tt, to exploit the b-tagging capabilities in the first case, and with one of the top quarks decaying to leptons. In this case, the presence of a lepton is used to avoid the handicap of the jet energy resolution. Althought the mass reach is not as good as in the case of Z1 -> ll, once this first signature is discovered, the search for g1 can help in disantagle KK bosons hypotesis from Z' hypostesis.

NICE

- Higgs on the 3-brane => large Higgs masses (up to 500 GeV) and light KK (less than 4 TeV) can provide good fit to precision data.- Higgs on the bulk => small Higgs mass (less that 260 GeV) and higher compactification scale (>3.8 teV)


TeV-1 expectations in

Z/Z/ ee ee

p

e

p

ee

high pT,

HCAL Ee leak,Iso, ID

bosonsED

Invariant mass analysesInvariant mass analyses

Z1/ 1

5 discovery limit of

R. C

lerbaux et al.

CM

S N

OT

E 2006/083

CM

S P

TD

R 2006

S=(2[(S+B)log(1+S/B)-S]) > 5 [SIG1]

(M1 model)

2006

CMS events corrected for:• ECAL electronics saturation (MGPA) for ET>1.7 TeV (3 TeV Endcaps)


ATLAS expectations for e and μ:(S=(S-B)/B > 5 & S > 10 (e,μ)) Fast simu/recoRR-1-1 = 5.8 TeV = 5.8 TeV @100 fb100 fb-1-1

13/23

Gen (Gen (SS+B):+B): Ext+PYTHIA PHOTOS CTEQ6.1MSim/Rec:Sim/Rec: Full Pile-up @low Lumi (1033)Syst UncertSyst Uncert:: Theoretical

NICE

S: likelihood estimator based on event counting suited for small event samples. Discovery limit S>5.

NICE

The presence of gluon excitations is detected by analyzing deviations in the dijet cross-section. An alterntive proposal by ATLAS is detecting g1 by analyzing its decays to heavy quarks.



p

l

p

bosonsED

WWlltt, WW, WZ, ZZ

high pT > 200 GeVml > 1 TeVIso, ID, jet veto

W1 2003

SM

R-1=4 TeV

R-1=5 TeV

R-1=6 TeV

G. P

olesello, M. P

rata EP

J Direct C

32 S

up.2 (2004) pp.55-67

S=(S-B)/B > 5 & S > 10 (e,μ)

SM

W1 e

RR-1-1 = 6 TeV = 6 TeV @100 fb@100 fb-1-1

ATLAS: gg11 tt, bb tt, bbFast simu/recott RR-1-1 = 3.3 TeV = 3.3 TeVbb RR-1-1 = 2.7 TeV = 2.7 TeVfor 300 fb-1

L. March, E. Ros, B. Salvachua, ATL-PHYS-PUB-2006-002

14/23


UED ScenariosG bosons fermions

ED

Ref: [UED1]

Standard (M)UEDStandard (M)UED Fat braneFat brane

300300400

500

600600700

800800900

1000

R-1 (

GeV

)

2001

=1

=2

2004

2006

(13.05)

(@ 95% CL)

(18.05)

(@ 90% CL, mh=115 GeV)

[UE

D5]

(mh>>)

year

[UE

D2]

[UE

D3]

[UE

D4]

EW

Heavy Water

Lower bounds on UEDLower bounds on UED

■ Gravity-matter interactionsGravity-matter interactions break KK number conservation: ● 1st level KK states decay to G+SM. ● If radiative corrections mass degeneracy is broken and and leptons are produced.

■ SM brane is endowed with a finite thickness in the ED.

■ All particles propagate in ED

■ KK parity conservation the lightest massive KK particle (LKPLKP) is stable (dark matter candidate).

■ mass degeneration except if radiative corrections included:

600

570

g1

Q1

Z1

L1

1

15/23

■ Model parameters: (= 1), R, (= 1), R,

NICE

The topology a very important issue since the different topologies provide different low energy theories even when one starts from the same five dimensional lagrangian

NICE

- KK num cons. in the 4-dim world is the consequence of the p conservation along the ED (5-dim Lorentz invariance). Orbifolding introduces new interactions at the boundaries of the orbifold that do not conserve p.- The lightest massive KK particle (LKP) is stable if gravitational decay widths are negligible.

NICE

(For 2 ED the corrections to EW observables from heavy KK modes depend logarithmically on the cutoff scale, and the R-1 lower bound is 400 – 800 GeV. For more than 3 ED the dependence is even more sensitive)

NICE

- Radiative corrections from boundary terms are negligible at the scale Lambda>R-1.- Why? The EW observables are insensitive to the unknown physics at the cutoff scale and above, i.e., we can ignore the effects of KK modes heavier than the cutoff scale è mn=1(R-1) lower bound ~ 300 GeV.

100 fb-1

2005

Fat brane model with TeV-1 size ED

SS=S/B > 5

P. H. Beauchemin, G. Azuelos ATL-PHYS-PUB-2005-003

11

l

Geo accepL1,HLT2 OSSF4 ISOb-tag vetopT

l<ET

miss

Z veto

QQ 11q

G bosons fermions

EDUED expectations in

p

q 1,g 1

p

qq 11,g,g 11

GG

jet

jet

GG

2 back-to-back energetic jets + ET

miss > 775 GeVNo ISO leptons

Z(Z()jj* )jj* W(W(ll)jj )jj (l:e,(l:e,μμ,,ττ))

2 back-to-back energetic jets + ET

miss > 775 GeVNo ISO leptons

~2.7 TeV

5

Gen(S+B):Gen(S+B):CTEQ5L BB:Estimate of PYTHIA using Z/W+j(+nj from ISR&FSR)Sim/Reco:Sim/Reco: - Fast - Cascade decays suppr. - n 2 kinem. suppr. - Proton top flavour contentignored

p pgg 11

QQ 11 q

ZZ11q LL11

l

gg11

LL11

l

11

l

ZZ11

q

Geo accepL1,HLT2 OSSF4 ISOb-tag vetopT

l<ET

miss

Z veto

tt+nj tt+nj (n:0,1,2)4b4bZZ, ZbbZZ, Zbb

S [UED6]

Poster 1

Full simu/reco

2006

16/23


4. Extra Gauge Bosons (Z’, W’)■ Predicted by:

Super-string inspired and GUT theories; Left-Right Symmetric Models based on the gauge group SU(3)CxSU(2)LxSU(2)RxU(1)B-L predicting substructures of the known “elementary particles”; Little Higgs Models.

■ stringent limits from precision EW experiments and direct searches

■TEVATRON ~ 1 TeV

17/23


Extra Gauge Bosons expectations inZ/Z/ μμμμ

μμ

pp ppZ’Z’

μμ

ee

pp ppZ’Z’

eeZ/Z/ eeee

(TRG,OSSF, Eμ recov. from em processes) Same analysis as Z1/1 @CMS

S=(2[(S+B)log(1+S/B)-S]) > 5 [SIG1]

B. Clerbaux et al. CMS NOTE 2006/083

2006

MZ’ (TeV/c2)

18/23

SL=(2 ln(LS+B/LB) > 5

2006

MZ’ (TeV/c2)R. Cousins et al. CMS NOTE 2006/062CMS PTDR 2006

Gen (S+B):Gen (S+B): - PYTHIA - CTEQ6L - K=1.35Sim/Rec:Sim/Rec: - Full - pile-up (ine+dif) for low (5 evt) & high (25 evt) lumi.Systemat. uncert.:Systemat. uncert.: - Theoretical - Muon+TRK missalignment

NICE

Z' -> mu mu:- Other background: ZZ, WZ, WW, tt\bar at the level of few % of the Drell-Yan and further suppressed with selection cuts.- Other potential background: cosmic, jet-jet, W-jet, bb\bar, hadron punchthrough and poorly measured Zo->mu mu) have not been studied yet. Authors claim that they will be also negligible compared to Drell-Yan.

NICE

Missalignment scenarios:- first data: gives an estimate of the alignment with an integrated lumi of 0.1 fb-1. Corresponds to the situation when the pixel detector is aligned with tracks and the first information from the PMS of the muon detector is available.- long term: describes the expected residual alignment uncertainties once the performance of the PMS reaches its design value and all the tracking devices are aligned with tracks. The current estimated integrated luminosity needed is 1 fb-1.

NICE

LIKELIHOOD-RATIO-BASED test statistics (unbinned)

NICE

Without taking into account systematic uncertainties: ò L dt < 0.1 fb-1, and non optimal alignment of the tracker and muon detectors, is enough to discover Z’ of 1 TeV (~ 50% less data to reach the same signal significance if the optimal alignment is achieved. ò L dt = 10 fb-1 is sufficient to reach 5s significance at ~ 3 TeV for most (but not all) the Z’ models considered if the optimal alignment is achieved. ò L dt = 100 fb-1 doesn’t allow to obtain 5s significance at ~ 5 TeV with only the Z’ è μμ channel for any of the models considered. The mass reach is between 3.9 TeV and 4.9 TeV.


Effects of 1 theoretical uncertainties on the integrated luminosity need to reach a 5 significance for two Z’ models:- Asymmetric Left-Right Model (ALRM)- GUT theory ()Z’ μμ

R. Cousins et al. CMS NOTE 2006/062CMS PTDR 2006

Extra Gauge Bosons expectations in

MZ’ (TeV/c2)

2006

19/23


L ~ 1033 cm-2s-1, with pile-up of 3.5

CMS looks for charged spin-1 boson, W’ from the Reference Model by Altarelli.

Single μ trghigh pTIso-μ ID

(BR ~ 10%)

μμ

pp ppW’W’

(ETmiss)

Extra Gauge Bosons expectations in WW μμ

Z μμ, WW incl., ZW incl.tt\bar incl

WW μμZ μμ, WW incl., ZW incl.tt\bar incl

C. H

of e

t al.

CM

S P

TD

R 2

006

2006

20/23

M1

M2

Z’GKK

100 fb-1

2003

Mreso (GeV)

Eve

nts/

50 G

eV

5. How to discriminate models

[DIS1]

Z1

(M1M2)Z’

coslep-beam

GKK

(qq&gg)

M2

Z’GKK

2003M1=/=Z’ 45%

M1=/=GKK 91%of the times at 95% CL

For higher resonance masses (e.g. 5 TeV) need more luminosity to keep discrimination power

2003

Z’Z1(M2) GKKAF

B

Mreso (GeV)

Z1 vs G

KK

Z1 vs Z’

21/23


How to discriminate models

[DIS2,DIS3]

■ Method: unbinned likelihood ratio statistics incorporating the angles of the decay products [DIS3]. ■ The statististical technique has been applied to fully simu/reco events.■ Two spin hypothesis are treated symmetrically.■ (G1) = (Z’)

22/23

10 f

b-1

100

fb-1

300

fb-1 CM

S P

TD

R 2

006

2006

2 Spin-1 (Z’) Exclusion vs G1


Conclusions We have revised the most recent results on different Extra

Dimensions scenarios and Extra Gauge Bosons:

23/23

Model Mass reach Int. Lum.(fb-1) Syst. Includ

ADD Direct GKK MMDD~2.5 TeV2.5 TeV 10 Theo

ADD Virtual GKK MMDD~5 - 4 TeV5 - 4 TeV [3-6][3-6] 1 Theo+Exp

RS MMG1G1~3.5 TeV3.5 TeV, cc=0.1 (~all the allowed region)

10 Theo(+Exp di-μ)

TeV-1 (Z1/1) MMz1z1 ~ 5 TeV5 TeV 10 Theo

TeV-1 (W1) MMW1W1 ~ 6 TeV6 TeV 100

mUED RR-1-1 ~ 900 GeV900 GeV (R=20) 10 Theo+Exp

Fat brane RR-1-1 = 2.7 TeV2.7 TeV 100

GUT,SSM,(A)LR Z’ MMZZ’ ~ 3 - 4 TeV3 - 4 TeV, f(model) 10 Theo+Exp

Altarelli MMW’W’ ~ 3 - 4 TeV3 - 4 TeV 10 Theo+Exp


Bibliography[ADD1] N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. R. Dvali, Phys. Rev. D59, 086004 (1999), Phys. Lett. B429, 263

(1998); I. Antoniadis, N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and G. R. Dvali, Phys. Lett. B436, 257 (1998).[ADD2] T. Han, J. D. lykken and R. J. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D59, 105006 (1999); G. F. Giudice, R. Rattazzi and J. D.

Wells, Nucl. Phys. B544, 3 (1999).[ADD3] J. L. Hewett, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4765 (1999); E. A. Mirabelli, M. Perelstein and M. E. Peskin, Phys. Rev. Let.

82, 2236 (1999); T. G. Rizzo, Phys. Rev. D59, 115010 (1999).[ADD4] B. Abbott et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 1156 (2001); B. Abbott et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4769 (1999).[CHR] C.M. Harris, P. Richardson, B.R. Webber, JHEP 08 033 (2003), hep-ph/0007304. [DIS1] SN-ATLAS-2003-023, SN-ATLAS-2003-036.[DIS2] B. Clerbaux, T. Mahmoud, C. Collard, P. Mine, CMS Note 2006-083; R. Cousins, J. Mumford, V. Valuev,

CMS NOTE 2005-022.[DIS3] B. C. Allanach, K. Odagiri, M. A. Parker, B. R. Webber, JHEP 09 (2000) 019; hep-ph/0006114; R. Cousins, J.

Mumford, J. Tucker, V. Valuev, JHEP 11 (2005) 046; doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2005/11/046.[RES1] B. Clerbaux, T. Mahmoud, C. Collard, P. Mine, CMS Note 2006-083.[RS1] l. Randall and R. Sundrum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 3370-3373 (1999); l. Randall and R. Sundrum, Phys. Rev.

Lett. 83 4690-4693 (1999).[RS2] Davoudiasl, Hewett, Rizzo, Phys. Rev. D63, 075004 (2001).[SIG1] V. Bartsch, G. Quast, CMS Note 2005-004.[SIG2] R. Cousins, J. Mumford, V. Valuev, CMS Note 2005-002.[TEV1] T.G. Rizzo, Phys. Rev. D 61 055005 (2000).[UED1] H.C. Cheng, K.T. Matchev, and M.Schmaltz, Phys. Rev. D66, 056006 (2002). [UED2] T. Appelquist et al. Phys. Rev. D 64, 035002 (2001).[UED3] M.Byrne, Phys.Lett.B583 309 (2004).[UED4] Flacke, T; Hooper, D; March-Russell, J; hep-ph/0509352.[UED5] I. Gogoladze, C. Macesanu, hep-ph/0605207.[UED6] S. I. Bitykov, S. F. Frofeeva, N. V. Krasnikov, A. N. Nikitenko; Proceedings of the Statistical Problems in

Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Conference, PHYSTAT 05.


Talk shortenings ADD: Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali model RS: Randall and Sundrum model UED: Universal Extra Dimensions BH: Black Holes Iso: Isolation algorithm ID: Lepton Identification S: Number of signal events that survive the selection cuts B: Number of background events that survive the selection cuts Ext.: external generator interfaced to PYTHIA IP: Interaction Point SSB: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking VEV: Vacuum Expectation Value. g: SM coupling MET: Missing Transverse Energy TRK: Tracker detector TRG: Trigger EW: Electroweak


Back up slides


OverviewOverview weak

strong gravity

em

- 30th

The first ED ideas appeared when gravity and the electromagnetism were the only known interactions (1 ED theories):G. Nordström (1912), T. Kaluza (1919) & O. Klein and H. Mandel (1926)

50-70th

The discovery of new interactions complicated more the overall picture: using a single extra dimension, as a mean of reaching a unified description, was not able to accommodate the strong and weak forces. Therefore physics research focused on gauge theories.

80th

The development of new theories: string theories and supergravity, changed the interpretation of ED theories in the sense they were given a “physical” meaning.

90th -

In recent years, ED quantum field theories have received a great deal of attention:

The scale at which the ED effects can be relevant could be around a few TeV, even hundreds of GeV, clearly a challenge for the next accelerators (e.g. LHC).

It is a new point of view to study many long-standing problems in physics: hierarchy, neutrino physics, new candidates for dark matter...

NICE

At this point extra dimensions were still useful for grouping together equations in a unified mathematical framework, but had acquired a great degree of complexity, while no being predictive and presenting serious theoretical problems.


ADD expectations in Virtual production of GVirtual production of GKKKK

p p

Graviton

ED

GKK

NICE

- The presence of virtual graviton in Drell-Yan processes leads to a considerable excess in the production of di-leptons and di-photons events.- ATLAS results: V. Kabachenko, A. Miagkov, A. Zenin, ATL-PHYS-2001-012Mass scale reach:* low lumi: # 6.6 TeV di-leptons# 6.32 TeV di-photons* high lumi (di-leptons&di-photons):# 7.9 TeV


mee (GeV)

2003

G. A

zuel

os, G

. Pol

esel

lo

EP

J D

irec

t 10.

1140

200

4)100 fb-1

(M1)

■ Studied systematics : how pT

e scales with energy for > TeV?“rule” experimental limit reduces by 2% for each % of uncertainty in the energy calibration of 2 TeV electrons. QCD higher order corrections (main effect modification of the pT

ll distribution due to ISR). EW corrections. PDFs.

■ An optimal measurement of R-1 can be obtained by a likelihood fit to the reconstructed kinematical variables:

For one lepton flavour:RR-1-1 = 9.5, 11 & 12 TeV = 9.5, 11 & 12 TeV

@100, 200 & 300 fb@100, 200 & 300 fb-1-1 respectively.

Assuming similar sensitivity for e & μ: RR-1-1 13.5 TeV @ 300 fb 13.5 TeV @ 300 fb-1-1

■ Results using event kinematic variables (only e+e-): Fraction of the proton momentum carried

by parton i Scattering angle in the partonic c.m.e

■ ATLAS 5 reach for R-1: ~ 8 TeV @100 fb~ 8 TeV @100 fb-1-1 (15% SM deviation) ~10.5 TeV @300 fb~10.5 TeV @300 fb-1-1 (~ 10% deviation)

■ Very sensitive to the degree of systematic uncertainties.

■ If R-1 beyond the LHC reach via direct mass peak reconstruction study the off-peak region How?


bosonsED

2003


Off-peak region analysesOff-peak region analyses Event kinematics analysesEvent kinematics analyses

■ look at the TOTTOT/event_rate/event_rate w.r.t. DY background for a mll range as a f( R-1).

NICE

This defines in each case the level of systematic control on the relevant region of the lep-lep invariant mass we need to achieve to exploit the statistical power of the data.

2006

bb, tt,bb, tt, jj, Wj, Wj

p p

b,tb,tGen(S):Gen(S): PYTHIA, CTEQ5LSim(S):Sim(S): Fast

b,tbosons

ED

b:b: 2 b-tagged jets with pTb cut =f(m(g1))

t:t: one t lepton decay (pTlep>25 GeV), ET

miss>25 GeV,2 b-tagged jets with R(b1(2)-lep)<2(>2), pT

b cut =f(m(g1))

RR-1-1 = 2.65 TeV = 2.65 TeV

2006

RR-1-1 = 3.3 TeV = 3.3 TeV

g1


L. March, E. Ros, B. Salvachua, ATL-PHYS-PUB-2006-002

(Note: heavy quarks appearing in the light quark sample as a result of gluon splitting are excluded in this analysis; the enhancement of the signal due to the contribution of Z1/1 production (lower than g1) is not taken into account in this analysis)

300 fb-1 300 fb-1

NICE

The presence of gluon excitations is detected by analyzing deviations in the dijet cross-section. An alterntive proposal by ATLAS is detecting g1 by analyzing its decays to heavy quarks.


Extra Gauge Bosons (Z’, W’)■ Predicted by:

Super-string inspired and GUT theories; Left-Right Symmetric Models based on the gauge group SU(3)CxSU(2)LxSU(2)RxU(1)B-L predicting substructures of the known “elementary particles”; and Little Higgs Models.■ stringent limits from precision electro-weak

(EW) experiments and direct searches.■ The existence of a Z’ affects EW data:

Because Z-Z’ mixing pushes the Z mass below the SM expectations. SM expectations are themselves modified by mixing since = f(weak angle), and this angle is confused or distorted by the effects of mixing on other observables. Both the mixing and heavy particle exchange lead as well to other changes in the predictions for the various observables, implying new terms in the effective interactions relevant to each process and leading to different apparent vales of the weak angle determined in different processes.

■ Thus the limits from precision experiments vary significantly from model to model because of the different chiral couplings to the ordinary fermions.■ Typically:

mZ’ >~ 400 GeV and Z-Z’ mixing angle < few 10 -3 for models in which the Z’ couples significantly to charged leptons. mZ’ >~ 300-600 GeV for models with suppressed couplings to charged leptons can tolerate much larger mixings (several %) but with the dominant constraint from the shift in the light Z mass.

■ At LHC should be possible to discover a heavy Z’ with mass up to 5 TeV through its leptonic decay.■ If a Z’ exists it should be possible to deeply study its couplings via:

F-B asymmetries rapidity distributions rare decays (Z’ Wl) associated productions with a Z, W or


Extra Gauge Bosons expectations in

2006 CMS PTDR 2006

Combined expectation from:Z’ e+e-

Z’ μ+μ-

for Sequential SM (SSM)and one GUT theory ().


weak

strong gravity

em Mini (quantum) Black Holes Mini (quantum) Black Holes ((Exploring Exploring energies above the fundamental theory scale: the energies above the fundamental theory scale: the transplanckian region (transplanckian region (s >> Ms >> MPl(4+Pl(4+))))

■ One of the consequences of large ED is the possibility to produce BH @LHC.■ A BH produced in the 4+ dimensions has a Schwarzschild radius given by: Rs(4+) = f(MMPl(4+Pl(4+)),MMBHBH,)■ If the IP of a p-p collision is smaller than Rs(4+), BH can be produced at LHC with (MBH) = R2

s(4+) at parton level and in the semi-classical approach.

■ E.g. for MPl(4+)~ 2 TeV, ~ pb.■ Once produced, it is expected that they decay thermally via Hawking radiation, with a typical life time of 10-27 s. ■ BH events are expected to evaporate democratically by emission of all particle types, therefore BH can be a source of new particles. ■ Characteristic signatures:

events are spherical jet/lepton decay ratio 5:1 high multiplicity


BH expectations in CutsCuts: ISR-cut, pT thresholds,

multip.(with E>300 GeV)>3, at least one: e.OR., R2(Fox-Wolfram moments)<0.8 lower values of R2 means more spherical events; ET

miss<100 GeV

J. Tanaka et al. Eur. Phys. J. C41 19-33 (2005)

qq, qq\bar, qg, ggtt\barWW, WZ, ZZ, , V (V: W,Z,*)qV (V:W,Z,(*))

104

2 4 6 8 10 12 14MBH (TeV)

105

106

MPl = 1TeV

BS+B

2 4 6 8 10 12 14MBH (TeV)

104

103

102

10

MPl = 3TeV MPl = 7TeV

2 4 6 8 10 12 14MBH (TeV)

10-2

10-1

1

10

102

103

=3,MBHmin=1TeV

MP

l (T

eV)

S/B > 5, S > 10

1 fb-1

100 pb-1

10 pb-1

1 pb-1

CMS Results

Outline: Introduction Some experimental remarks Extra Dimensions (ADD, TeV -1 , RS, UED, BH)

Documents

technicolor523bsm physics

mg623bsm physics

new physics

behalf of bsm physics

alemany detector uncertainties

alemany lipcms

channel energy scale

absolute energy scale