OUTLINE 6 VI. Morphogenesis A. General features of gastrulation B. Cell movement

OUTLINE 6

VI. Morphogenesis

A. General features of gastrulation

B. Cell movement1. extension and contraction2. adhesion

C. Gastrulation in the sea urchin

D. Gastrulation in the frog

E. Three layers of cells1. ectoderm2. mesoderm3. endoderm

F. Neurulation

OUTLINE 5

V. Animal development: patternA. Gametes

1. spermatazoan2. ovum

B. Fertilization overviewC. Details of fertilizationD. Cleavage

1. major features2. patterns

a. radialb. spiral

3. later stages of cleavagea. morulab. blastula (blastomere, blastocoel)

Acoelomates

ProtostomesDeuterostomes

Arthropods Mollusks Annelids Echinoderms Chordates

TIME

Fig. 32.7a

Cells NOT totipotent Cells totipotent

Fig. 47.6Early cleavage stages

Fig. 47.9

Gastrulation in theSea urchin

QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Sea urchin fertilization and early development

Fig. 47.10 Gastrulation in the frog

QuickTime™ and aMicrosoft Video 1 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Frog gastrulation (cross section)

Fig. 47.16 Changes in cell shape during morphogenesis

Fig. 47.11

Neurulation in the frog

QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Gastrulation and neurulation in the frog