1 Technologies for energy efficient design and thermal comfort in buildings Stuttgart - Munich - New York TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING SMART GREEN 20. August 2010, Bad Nauheim AUSSENKOMFORT UND KLIMABEWERTUNG Dr. Wolfgang Kessling, Martin Engelhardt www.transsolar.com
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TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING
1
Technologies for energy efficient design
and thermal comfort in buildings Stuttgart - Munich - New York
TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING
SMART GREEN 20. August 2010, Bad Nauheim
AUSSENKOMFORT UND KLIMABEWERTUNG Dr. Wolfgang Kessling, Martin Engelhardt www.transsolar.com
TRANSSOLAR KLIMAENGINEERING
2
Außenkomfort, Bewertung und Konzepte zur Verbesserung in feucht heißen Klimazonen
Inhalt
• Grundlagen Außenkomfort: – 7 Komfortparameter
– Klimabedingungen
– Human Biometerological Comfort Chart
• Projektbeispiele: – FIFA World Cup Qatar
– MASDAR Central Plaza
– Bundesgartenschau Koblenz
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Luftbewegung oder Verschattung zur Verbesserung des Außenkomforts?
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Verbessert Verdunstungskühlung den Komfort in feucht-heißem Klima?
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Wie verbessert Strahlungskühlung den Außenkomfort bei Tag und Nacht?
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wind
direct solar radiation
diffuse radiation
infrared radiation air temperature
air humidity
air temperature
infrared radiation
outdoor indoor
Human Comfort Parameters
activity clothing
activity clothing
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Perceived Temperature, PT For comfort evaluation in hot and humid environments the comfort index of the Perceived Temperature (PT) has been developed*. The PT considers all relevant parameters such as the mean radiant temperature (solar radiation and infrared radiation), air temperature, air velocity, air humidity, clothing, and activity of person. The PT considers the physiological relevance of skin wetness and sweat on the thermal comfort. * German Industry Standard VDI 3787, November 2008
extreme cold stress very cold PT ≤ –39
great cold stress cold –39 < PT ≤ –26
slight cold stress cool –26 < PT ≤ –13
slight cold stress slightly cool –13 < PT ≤ 14
comfort possible comfortable 14 < PT < +20
slight heat stress slightly warm +20 ≤ PT < +26
moderate heat stress warm +26 ≤ PT < +32
great heat stress hot +32 ≤ PT < +38
extreme heat stress very hot PT ≥ +38
Thermo-physiological stress
Thermal perception
Perceived temperature PT in °C
What is considered as good outdoor conditions depends on climate conditions of the site.
Perceived Temperature, PT: Comfort index for warm and humid environments
In hot and humid climates perceived temperatures of 32°C and lower are rated as excellent for outdoor comfort.
In cold and moderate climates a PT between 14°C and 31°C can be considered as good outdoor comfort conditions.
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26 Evaluation of outdoor comfort strategies
1. Solar Radiation
2. Infrared Radiation
3. Air Velocity
4. Air Temperature
5. Air Humidity
1. No sun shade
Outdoor Comfort: L
no sun-shade
1. Solar Radiation
23%
42%
35%warm hot very hot
1. Solar Radiation
2. Infrared Radiation
3. Air Velocity
4. Air Temperature
5. Air Humidity
2. Partly sun shaded
Parameter
2. Infrared Radiation
K
partly sun-shaded
1. Solar Radiation 1. Solar Radiation
2. Infrared Radiation
3. Air Velocity
4. Air Temperature
5. Air Humidity
3. Air Velocity
no wind-shade
2. Infrared Radiation
1. Solar Radiation
Comfort
Comfort key:
2. Infrared Radiation 56%
7%7%
36%
very hothotwarm98%
0%2%
very hothotwarm
3. Sun shaded, wind exposed
Parameter Comfort Parameter Comfort
Outdoor Comfort: Outdoor Comfort: K
38%
23%
38%
very hothotwarm
best passive best passive
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27 Evaluation of outdoor comfort strategies
4. Best passive design
Outdoor Comfort:
1. Solar Radiation
2. Infrared Radiation
3. Air Velocity
4. Air Temperature
5. Air Humidity
5. Best passive design and radiant cooling
Parameter
1. Solar Radiation 1. Solar Radiation
2. Infrared Radiation
3. Air Velocity
4. Air Temperature
5. Air Humidity
no wind-shade
1. Solar Radiation
Comfort
6. Best passive, radiant cooling and soft conditioing
Parameter Comfort Parameter Comfort
Outdoor Comfort: Outdoor Comfort:
1. Solar Radiation
2. Infrared Radiation
3. Air Velocity
4. Air Temperature
5. Air Humidity
3. Air Velocity
J
fully wind-shaded
2. Infrared Radiation
1. Solar Radiation 31%
25%
44%
very hothotwarm 3. Air Velocity
2. Infrared Radiation
3. Air Velocity
2. Infrared Radiation
4. Air Temperature
5. Air Humidity
2. Infrared Radiation
51%
41%
8%8% very hothotwarm 100%
0%0%
very hothotwarm
J J
23%
42%
35%warm hot very hot
Comfort key: active measures active measures active measures
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Projekt Vorlage
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Projekt Vorlage
Outdoor Comfort in Football Stadiums for FIFA 2022 World Cup, Qatar
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34
> 4.0
0
0.7
1.0
0.3
1.7
2.3
3.0
3.7
3.3
2.7
2.0
1.3
sun shine hours [h]
Sun shine hours – 13th of June 2 pm to 7 pm
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32°C
33.5°C 41°C
39.5°C
> 44.0
26.0
29.0
30.5
27.5
33.5
36.5
39.5
43.5
41.0
38.0
35.0
32.0
PT [°C]
without radiant cooling
PT – 13th of June 2.00 pm
32°C 38°C
36.5°C 30.5°C
with radiant cooling
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39 Cooling concept stadium
Temporary Stadium - soft air conditioning - return air cooling - low thermal mass
Permanent Stadium - soft air conditioning - floor cooling