Out Look for Eva

8/11/2019 Out Look for Eva

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Chameleon Suit Changing the

Outlook for EVANovember 7, 2003

Ed HodgsonHamilton Sundstrand


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Project Basics Advanced Extra-Vehicular Activity System

Concept Phase 2 Study

March 2002 January 2004

Contract #NAS5-03110 Grant #07605-003-001

HS Project Team Gail Baker, Allison Bender,Joel Goldfarb, Edward Hodgson, Gregory Quinn,Fred Sribnik, Catherine Thibaud-Erkey

External Support NIAC, NASA JSC, NASAHQ, and many, many more.


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Why a Chameleon Suit?

History

Future Needs

Technology Opportunities


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Historical EVA Challenges andIssues

Pressure Suit Mobility & Comfort On-Back Weight

EVA Expendables Durability / Maintainability


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Future Mission Needs

Accessible

Planetary

Surface

Earth& LEO Anywhere/ Anytime

Earths

Neighborhood

Easier Lighter

Cheaper Longer

Adaptable


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Technology Opportunities TheShape of Things to Come Recursive system evolution

Atomic scale design & manufacture

The imitation of life

Active, optimal multi-functional materials

unconstrained design integration.


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The Guiding Concept ADifferent System Paradigm

Historic EVA Systems

Functional partition

Environment isolation Component interfaces

Chameleon Suit

Functional integration

Environmentexploitation

Human interfaces


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The Many Shapes of the Chameleon Concept Implementation Options


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Implementation OptionsTechnology & Logical ChoicesPhase 1 StudyIntegrated Passive Thermal Control

Integrated Active Heat Transport

EmphasizeIntegrated CO

2

&

Humidity Control Active MobilityMCP Suit

MobilityMass Savings

& IntegrationActive Suit Fit

TransportArtificial

Photosynthesis

Energy Harvesting

Distributed

Energy Harvesting

O2 RecoveryModule

Distributed

O2 RecoveryReactants Energy


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Integrated Passive Thermal Control

(Phase 1 Study)

LCVG Layers (outer layer,

transport tubing, liner)

TMG and MEMS louvers

Variable loft layers

with active polymer

spacers and thermally

conductive fiber felt


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Integrated Active Heat Transport

Distributed thin filmmodules or flexible

thermoelectric polymers



with active polymer




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Integrated CO2

& Humidity Control

Distributed thin film

modules or flexible

thermoelectric

polymers


Selective Chemical

Transport Membranes


with active polymer




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Active Suit Fit


modules or flexible



Selective ChemicalTransport Membranes

Active Suit Fit Material


with active polymer




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Energy Harvesting


modules or flexible



Selective Chemical

Transport Membranes


Flexible solar cell arrays/

Photoelectric polymersConcentrated CO

2

and H2O vented to

environment

Harvested Energy to

backpack reduces

battery size


with active polymer

spacers and thermallyconductive fiber felt


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Artificial Photosynthesis


modules or flexible




with active polymer



Selective Chemical

Transport/Catalysis



Photoelectric polymers

Harvested energy

from photo- &

thermoelectrics to

drive oxygen

recovery


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Distributed O2

Recovery

Distributed thin film modules or

flexible thermoelectric polymers


Selective Chemical

Transport Membranes



Photoelectric polymers

Oxygen Recovery Process


with active polymer


conductive fiber feltCO2, H20 andO

2Transfer


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Active Mobility - MCP Suit




with active polymer




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Distributed Energy Harvesting -

O2 Recovery Module


modules or flexiblethermoelectric polymers


Active Suit Fit Material for MCP


Photoelectric polymersHarvested energy

from photo- &

thermoelectrics to

backpack


with active polymer



Suit atmosphere to

backpack for CO2,

H2O removal and

O2recovery


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Enabling Technologies

Multi-functional Materials Bio-mimetic Processes

Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Information Technologies


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Multifunctional Materials

Conductive Polymers Shape Change Materials

Optically Active Materials Energy Storage and Conversion

Chemically Active Materials


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Polymers and NanocompositesEngineered Materials Revolution Driven by, enabled by, and underlying information

revolution Microelectronics > massive complexity > ever smaller features >

MEMS

Computational, imaging and modeling tools at atomic andmolecular scales

Ubiquitous in science, industry & society

Designer molecules

Multi-functional polymers conductive, mechanically active,optically active, chemically active

Biomimetic

Nano-composites


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Conductive Polymers

Alternatives to Wiring Harnesses, Switchesand Liquid Electrolytes

Conductive polymers andcomposite electro-textiles Flexibility

Massively parallel

interconnection Polymeric semiconductors

Integrated function, structure &control

Solid polymer electrolytes Lithium polymer batteries

Fuel cells ~ 1000 W-hr/Kg

Flexible batteries 160W-hr/Kg


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Shape Change Materials

-

-100

-

60-80

-

Medium

to fast

380

7.2

Dielectric

---20 to 4020 to

40

-150 to

150

Temperature

range (C)

-

0.3

30-35

107

100

20

0.35

Human

Muscle

-

120

1

[email protected]%

strain

3

2

40

MIT

CP

2002

N

Very low

1

105

Low

2

5-10

insulation

-

>4

20

106

36

25

0.5

MIT

target

Y

40

20

106

100

25

40

MCP/

assisted

mobility

20Tensile strength

(MPa)

Y

low

1000

Low

25

20

Active

fit

O2 compatibility

Efficiency (%)

Life cycle

Strain rate (%/s)

Strain (%)

Force output

(MPa)

Characteristics

-

-100

-

60-80

-

Medium

to fast

380

7.2

Dielectric

---20 to 4020 to

40

-150 to

150

Temperature

range (C)

-

0.3

30-35

107

100

20

0.35

Human

Muscle

-

120

1

[email protected]%

strain

3

2

40

MIT

CP

2002

N

Very low

1

105

Low

2

5-10

insulation

-

>4

20

106

36

25

0.5

MIT

target

Y

40

20

106

100

25

40

MCP/

assisted

mobility

20Tensile strength

(MPa)

Y

low

1000

Low

25

20

Active

fit

O2 compatibility

Efficiency (%)

Life cycle

Strain rate (%/s)

Strain (%)

Force output

(MPa)

Characteristics


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Optically Active Materials

Electrochromicmaterials

Inorganic

Polymers

Electroemissivematerials

OLED

MEMS

Photoelectric materials


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Energy Storage & Conversion

Thin film & polymericdevices

Increasing conversionefficiency

Lower cost & more flexiblemanufacture

Emerging applications

Progress of Thermoelectic Improvements

0

1

23

4

5

1930 1950 1970 1990 2010Year

FigureofM

erit,

ZT

Thin Film State of the

Art

Polymer state of the art

Commercially available material

Electrolyte

Plastic (PET)Platinum CatalystTransparent Conductor

0.010

inches

Plastic (PET) TiO2 & DyeTransparent Conductor

Photovoltaic

Polymer Batteries

Thermoelectric


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Chemically Active Materials

O2

CO2

H2O

CO2

e-load

H2O

O2

H2

e-power

H+

CO3=

O2

CO2

H2O

CO2

e-load

H2O

O2

H2

e-power

H+

CO3=

Porous substrate

Liquid containingfacilitators

Hydrophilized

surface

Vent flowCO2 ,O2,

H2O H2O

CO2

Vacuum

orSweep gas

Passive transport selective membranes

Active transport polymer electrolytes

Chemical conversion integrated catalysis


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Bio-mimetic Processes

Membranes Bio-catalysts


Self-Assembling Systems


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Membrane Technologies

Biological membranes

Self organizing

Selective transport

Active transport

Enzyme membranes

Biomimetic liquid

crystal membranes CO2 transport &

selectivity comparableto lung tissue


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Bio-catalysts

Biocatalytic Processes

Efficient reactions at

useful rates and

modest temperatures High specificity

Enzymes - organic -

stereochemical

Historical Processes

Efficient reactions at

high rates , high

temperatures Limited specificity

Inorganic metals &

salts


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Artificial Photosynthesis Find alternate chemicals / chemical

sequences to achieve photosyntheticfunctions recognizing photosynthesisspecificity of Fast kinetics

Highly specific pathways

Molecular level assembly

For example, mimicking chlorophylls light

conversion process (PSII) Carotene/Porphyrin/Fullerene sequence (Arizona

State University)

Development of Ru-Mn complexes (Uppsala

University, Sweden)


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The essence of biology

Complexity (apparently) without

cost

Genetic codes molecular templates Understanding Practice

Natural systemsModes of operation

Engineered analogs


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Advanced ManufacturingTechnologies

Photo-Lithography Stereo-Lithography



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Photolithographic ProcessesKeys to Practical Complexity at Any Scale

Design and manufacturingapproaches are proven

Extension to multi-

disciplinary systems hasbeen made

Extension to large scale

planar structures

Further growth in scale

and range of materials


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Stereo-Lithography

Photo-lithographic process extended to 3D

Direct computer control

Design flexibility

Responsiveness

Small lot economics

Increasing materials possibilities


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Self-Assembling Systems (again) Becoming a practical reality in engineering

practice One key to mastering massively parallel,

repeating systems of very small parts

Like the Chameleon Suit

Nanolitho effort harnesses self-assembly

PORTLAND, Ore. Nanoscale patterning of silicon substrates withregular, repeatable, atomically perfect application- specifictemplates could enable manufacturable nanoscale chips within thedecade, according to scientists at the University of Wisconsin'sMaterials Research Science and Engineering Center (Madison).

By R. Colin Johnson

EE TimesAugust 5, 2003 (2:54 p.m. ET)
http://www.eetimes.com/http://www.eetimes.com/http://www.eetimes.com/


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Information Technologies

Underlying Technology

Information Processing

Connectivity

Recursive Design

Advanced Interfaces


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Underlying Technology Base

Silicon as a designer material

Flexible, easily controlled functionality

Consistent continuous structure

Photolithographic manufacturing Progressive evolution to smaller scales

Consistent, local control of microscalecomposition

Automated design, manufacturing processes


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Information Processing

Dealing with massive complexity essential for and

enabled by information revolution enables:

Design of complex structures and networks

Complex control algorithms and networks Practical coordinated interaction of large numbers of

sensors and effectors

Analysis and understanding of complex natural systems designer molecules & biomimetic design

Chameleon Suit practicality


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Connectivity

Data bus structures and approaches to enable flow

of information among large numbers of

cooperating devices with practical overhead

Data bus

Ethernet

Internet Wireless adaptations flexible geometry and

topology

Smaller, lower power access devices smartdust


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Recursive & Extensible

Processes N-1th generation capabilities enable Nth

generation design

Progressive change in scale (smaller),

complexity (greater) Extensible to additional degrees of freedom &

new domains

MEMS

Microchannel systems

Ad d I f i I f


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Advanced Information Interfaces

Toward Thought Controlled Systems Progress in sensors and signal processing

Robust research in thought controlled systems Military systems & assistive systems and devices

Complex spatial and temporal patterns of very lowlevel signals

Noise, individual variability

Extensive training, user concentration Limited channel bandwidth < 10 Hz

Continued progress and research interest

Chameleon Suit applications potential


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Application Analyses and Results

Is the Concept Real? Thermal Control

Transport

Mobility

Mass Reduction

System Energy Balance

Implications for System Robustness

Artificial Photosynthesis Integration


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Thermal Control Viability

Passive & Beyond

Collapsed

Layers

Thermoelectric

Modules

Heat Spreading Layer

Carbon Velvet

Plastic

Heat Spreading Layer

Plastic Carbon Velvet

Gap (Vacuum) Aluminum

Thread

Skin

Ambient Environment

Passive heat rejection from suit

surface in most environments andat most work rates

Thin film thermoelectric devices insuit walls allow no expendables heat

rejection at maximum work rate and

lunar noon worst case thermal

environment 250 W power input.

T t M b I t ti


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Transport Membrane Integration

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Hole Spacing (in)

RequiredFlowArea/TotalSuitArea

Laminar

Sharp-Edged Orifice

Analyses show that

CO2 and humidity

transport through suit

insulation is consistent

with thermal control

design

0.0E+00

2.0E-06

4.0E-06

6.0E-06

8.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.2E-05

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Hole Spacing (in)

PressureDropper

SuitLayer(psid)

Pressure drop component

for flow through felt is

negligible compared to the

pressure drop through the

holes in the suit which is

~0.008 psid per layer


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Assisted and Enhanced Mobility

Active Fit, Assisted Mobility,Mechanical Counter Pressure

Required performance parametersseparately demonstrated in active

materials Combined characteristics &

environmental tolerance in sight

Energy harvesting essential forassisted mobility & mechanicalcounter pressure

Wrist

Bearing

Scye

Bearing Bearing

Arm


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System Mass Reduction

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

On Back Mass (Kg)

basephase1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Concept

On-Back Mass Reduction With Chameleon Suit Concepts


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System Energy Balance

Current Phase 1

Suit Concept 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

(W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr) (W-hr)DCM/CWS 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80

Radio 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90

Pump 40 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Fan/Separator Motor Ass'y 304 304 254 N/A N/A 254 N/A N/A N/A 254

Circulation Fan N/A N/A N/A 125 125 N/A 125 125 125 N/A

Electrochromics N/A 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Actuators N/A 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300 150-300

MEMS Louvers N/A 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Thermoelectrics N/A N/A 122-80 122-81 122-82 122-83 122-84 122-85 122-86 122-87

Photovoltaics N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 to 3456 0 to 3456 0 to TBD 0 to 3456

Oxygen Recovery N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2350 N/A 2350

Net Energy Balance - MAX 514 801 853 724 724 853 724 3074 724 3203

Net Energy Balance - MIN 514 651 501 372 372 501 3084 734 TBD 605

Phase 2 Concepts

ENERGY BALANCES FOR CHAMELEON SUIT CONCEPTS

li i f S b


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Implications for System Robustness

Current reliability and life issues are eliminated:

sublimator, gas trap, filters. Fewer duration limiting resources

Massively parallel systemsgraceful failureresponses (gradual performance loss)

Inherent environmental sensitivity

Central control or common power failures (designmitigation)

Local thermal extremes possible with failures

A ifi i l Ph h i


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Integration Materials and energy transport

problem Energy (light) available outside suit

Materials available (CO2, H2O), andneeded (O2), inside suit

Both must be together for O2recovery

Energy transport

As electricity (low efficiency) As energetic intermediates?

A satisfactory solution path hasnot been identified yet.

Suit Pressurized Volume

Unpressurized Suit

Insulation Space

Waste

CO2, H2OO

2Need

Available

Light EnergyTransport?

S Vi i f h F


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Summary Vision for the Future

The seed has been planted and it will grow!

The path is clear to revolutionary change The required technologies are ripening for harvest

Targeted research is being explored with manyinvestigators

The vision of possibilities has been shared

The Chameleon Suit is on our technology roadmap

Todays unsolved problems are not insoluble Perhaps the Chameleon Suit really will look like

those Star Trek images after all

The best possible space suit will be invisible

Out Look for Eva

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