1 WATERSIDE HERITAGE CENTRE Waterside History Research The Parishes of Eling and Marchwood Technoterri 3/20/2011 The research and exploration of Terri & Svetlana Gagarin-Rawlings of their new home in the village of Fawley. I am familiar with the whole area from living in Ashurst in had visited Fawley and Ashlet Creek, Calshot with a Henry lll castle to connect with Netley Castle, Langley, and Lepe. Lepe specially when I discovered on the map that the course of a Roman Road (Margary 423) ran from a re- searched Roman harbour and ferry to the Isle Of Wight. … …
An In-definitive History of the Waterside Area 2011. First Scribd Draft. A work in progress initially for my own interest. Latterly, on behalf of the Waterside Heritage Centre, Hythe. Envisaged as a HTML web-site or E-book to enable readers to link access to the original documents or information. The project will include original published and unpublished research since 1994,
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1
WATERSIDE HERITAGE CENTRE
Waterside History Research
The Parishes of Eling and Marchwood
Technoterri
3/20/2011
The research and exploration of Terri & Svetlana Gagarin-Rawlings of their new home in the village of Fawley. I am familiar with the whole area from living in Ashurst in had visited Fawley and Ashlet Creek, Calshot with a Henry lll castle to connect with Netley Castle, Langley, and Lepe. Lepe specially when I discovered on the map that the course of a Roman Road (Margary 423) ran from a re-searched Roman harbour and ferry to the Isle Of Wight. … …
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… … … This reminding me of the Roman Road research in 1994,that started with a map of Netley Common and the Roman Road that went from the Common across Catherine Valley then down to the top of Partridge Green, Bitterne and finally, down to the Roman harbour at Clausentum on the River Itchen. At this time the Maps showed a small adjacent island ideal for a port with the ability to cross a built causeway at low tide and a ferry for crossing at high tide. At Woodmill it is the earliest chance to cross the Itchen on foot and with carts at high tide. I returned to the UK from Volgograd, formerly Stalingrad until the myth of Stalin and Russia style communism was exposed. I moved hereafter 4-5 years living with my new Russian paraplegic wife. Staying with my brother and his wife in Basingstoke whilst home hunting in the UK. Earlier Internet property search had revealed a property and I was delighted that a phone call to Charles Ley Court, Fawley found it was still vacant. The manageress, Sue Harvey thought that they had a ground floor flat – wheel chair accessible. An appointment was made to view the next day and half an hour that the flat was acceptable and that we were agreed to a verbal contract and pay a deposit. A second view with my sister and brother in-law to enable other points of view. Followed by a tour of the vil-lage, a visit to Calshot, Lepe and a cream-tea at the Garden Centre, Beaulieu. Took possession by the end of March 2010 and was joined by Sveta in April. We have had a wonderful time exploring the New Forest and the Waterside Area with Lymington – Brokenhurst, Cadnam and Totton as our main neighbour area. With Southampton for a special day out for Sveta to research a history of shops in Southampton, focusing on Primark in the precinct. Over this first year we explored the south-west coast road to Bournemouth and Poole. The north east out through Romsey and then on out to Salisbury. Another trip took us up to Winchester via Eastleigh and another to the east and Portsmouth. Finally a ‘Ticket to Ryde’ with Red Funnel and car trip around the island. Ashlett Creek, Calshot and Lepe beaches vie with just driving and exploring the New Forest National Park which extended the Forest boundaries to include extra areas that are of Special Interest. Sveta was beginning to create a map in her head. Early in 2011, I discovered we had a Waterside Heritage Centre at the Old Railway Station at Hythe. Further research via Marchwood Council showed that the Centre was managed by Graham Parkes and wanted volunteers to help research the Parish of Marchwood and Eling. First step was to run Marchwood on Google search. After a week or so I had amassed a couple hundred pages of Water-side History. Initially as recovered from various web-sites on the Internet. Latterly, by driving around all of highways and byways of Marchwood and the connections up into Eling, with right behind it. Now officially joined together and named Totton, originally with the by-line of largest village in Eng-land, and Eling Town – Council. Second step was for Sveta and I to volunteer a couple of hours once a week. The third step was a
number of field trips by car. Familiarising ourselves with all the accessible roads, by car and pho-
to’ing some of the historic and interesting places and buildings. In between, word searching for more
information. Such as:-
Mr W Hadfield oral history – BBC W.W.Two by ActionBristol
Archive List > British Army Contributed by ActionBristol and Wilfred James Albert Hadfield
Location of story: Army in Hampshire - Article ID: A6756555 Contributed on: 07 November 2005
Before starting my story, I think I should tell you about my childhood.
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I was born 17/6/1918 at Market Street, Eastleigh Hampshire. For some reason I have not yet been
able to ascertain, my brothers, sister and I were taken from our parents at an early age and put into
a children’s' home at Winchester Road, Hollybrook Homes, Shirley, Southampton. No doubt this was
done with good intentions - but I wish this had not been necessary - it went on for a number of years
between 1925 and 1930. We did have access to our parents but in the process we had to leave our
school. In my case, Wilton Road School, Shirley, and interrupt our education at another school. This
happened four or five times.
Eventually we were able to leave the home and live with our parents in a new council house situated
at Rownhams Road, Maybush, Southampton, where we spent our teenage years. I had various jobs,
one as a kennel boy and an errand boy for a haberdasher's until my father decided to have me ap-
prenticed as a joiner in the docks at Harland and Wolfe Shipbuilders. After four years, I and other
mates of mine decided to join the Territorial Army, more for something useful to do than any
thoughts that we may be called up. There were rumours however of what was happening in France
and Poland.
It was when we began our annual comps training with various types of guns - anti-aircraft in particu-
lar - that we began to realise that there was something more to our training at two sites, one at the
Isle of Anglesey, Wales and Burrow-head in Scotland. One day whilst working at my bench at Har-
land and Wolfe, a friend of mine in the T.A. told me we had been mobilised - the date was 24th Au-
gust 1939. Immediately I dropped everything and went home for my uniform, which in those days
was Royal Horse Artillery with peak cap, riding breeches, spurs, putters, leather belt and white lan-
guard. I wore this until 1941 when we were issued with battle dress.
After mobilisation, we were stationed behind the Southampton power station, opposite and behind
the Central Station Railway, where were ready for action until the end of 1939. We never had to use
our guns at that site, but while we were there, other sites were being developed at Marchwood and
Beaulieu, ready for any further action, which did not take long in coming in 1940.
Throughout that year it seemed that every enemy aircraft that arrived came over Southampton, be-
cause we were on continual alert day and night, although the night action was the worst. The alarm
would sound and we would stand to whenever aircraft were in our zone of operations and opened
fire from orders at the command post. Sometimes we were firing all night, sometimes we would
stand down, but as soon as we got back to sleep, out we would have to go again, at any time of day
or night.
The winter of that year was very cold with lots of snow and we had a very bad attack from the ene-
my at the site of Marchwood and I became the first casualty with a fractured arm and spent some
time at Netley Hospital, which was an old military hospital.
There were quiet times in the summer and we carried out normal duties when on guard duty and
had a Lee Enfield rifle 303. Other duties included spud bashing for the cookhouse and cleaning the
army huts and our equipment. We also did physical training and spotting for enemy aircraft. Guard
duty at Beaulieu House, the home of Lord Montague, and rifle practice in readiness for the expected
invasion, which thankfully never came. However, there were rumours of the enemy testing the de-
fences along the coast, but we were ready! I was approached by an individual whom I suspected of
4
trying to find out details of our operations and remembered the slogan ''careless talk costs lives ''.
We had to be 'on our guard' in every situation.
My three brothers Frank, Edward and George, were in the T.A. Engineers, the Hampshire Regiment
regular army and the tank corps, respectively. Like many others........a family at war. In 1941 we
moved to Eastleigh with 3.7 Monile Guns. I think it was during the reorganisation of the forces, but
could not be sure. I did my first practical at Southampton and during that time was sent on courses
throughout the country to train as a gun fitter.
The first stop was a transit camp in Rampton, Nottinghamshire. After two weeks I was sent, with
others, after parade, to report on our experience with guns. As it turned out, we were all anti-
aircraft and so those who had used 4.5 guns were roped in to form a Field Gun Personnel, to take
part in Field Gun training.
We were then sent to Newcastle under Lyne and Hanley, where we finished our courses on all types
of guns. The names of those who had passed the courses were posted on the notice board and we
were told we could join units nearest our homes. Broadstairs, Kent was the nearest place to my
home and I joined the unit in November 1941, when we went on to West Wickham and in 1942 on
to Liverpool, where we boarded a ship called 'The Mexico City' (one of the lease lend from America).
Scapa Floe was our next destination where we joined a convoy escorted by 6 destroyers including an
aircraft carrier and a destroyer 'The Rodney' on our way to Free Town in Sierra Leone and then Cape
Town in South Africa, where we stayed for about 2 weeks having shore leave.
From here we sailed across the Indian Ocean, where I remember seeing flying fish. Then on up into
the Red Sea, and on towards Egypt. Taking part in the traditional ‘crossing the line’, ceremony on the
way. After 2 weeks' leave in Cairo we were ordered to the Front Line, ready for the battle that was
to take place for Alexandria. We were the 65th Field Artillery Regiment 445 Battery, part of the 44th
Division with 25 pounder guns, who took part in the Battle of El Alamein, which drove Field Marshall
Rommel back to Tunisia.
By chance I met my brother Edward, whose unit of Bofars guns were positioned near us, to cover
against air attack. He had been out there since Dunkirk and we hadn't met for 3 years. He was in the
Hampshire Regiment - a regular soldier. Four brothers took part in the war, George on Tanks, Frank -
Engineers, who had some part in the retrieval of the 'Bouncing Bomb' experiment in England, Ed-
ward and myself.
The Italy landings came next together with the American 5th Army at Solerno, where we spent
Christmas, on the banks of the Volturno River, which was frozen and snowed up in winter. Then we
moved on to Rome passing through all the towns in between. Which included a halt at Casino and
the landing at Anzio, with brought a halt in our advance to Rome.
We advanced to Trieste and on into Croatia to keep Field Marshall Tito quiet....he was the leader of
the resistance and eventually became leader of Yugoslavia. Whilst in Italy we were sent back to
Egypt to fly the flag as the President of Egypt had designs on the Suez Canal.
After the war was over, we were stationed in Pula in Croatia, where eventually, we were sent home
through Switzerland and the Brenner Pass and back again before being mobilized.
5
I was in Trafalgar Square the day the end of the war was declared with the girl I eventually married.
Recently I have received a request from a chap who has been trying to find out about his grandfa-
ther who died in a Whitley Bomber accident whilst returning from France in 1940. The plane crashed
into a barrage balloon, due to misinformation from the base. He has archive information but not the
burial place. The balloons were based at Marchwood, opposite Southampton Dock Head near Hythe.
With the grace of God, all four brothers survived, married and had children, for which we will be
eternally glad, because when we left these shores we could not foretell if we would ever see England
Eling is the tenth oldest church in England, a small chapel being built on this site around 850 A.D. All that re-
mains of the original Saxon workmanship are the arch in the north aisle and a small window opening onto the
Altar.
In the 11th Century Norman masons carried out repairs and renewals in the Chancel and Nave and in the 13th
Century, the Abbey of Jumieges in Normandy, to which Eling has been linked had considerable work carried
out, a special feature being the ornamentation at the base of the pillars each being of a different design, rarely
seen in England, but not uncommon in Normandy.
Later the church was transferred by a subsequent king to the convent of Mottisfont by whom John-de-
Somborne was appointed in 1329. A list of the vicars of Eling can be seen on the belfry wall adjoining the font.
Mottisfont retained the patronage until the middle of the 16th Century, when, at the Dissolution of the Monas-
teries by King Henry VIII, Lord Sandys was presented with it, hence he also became patron of Eling.
It was this Lord Sandys who brought the beautiful picture of the Last Supper, believed to be by Marco Marziale,
a pupil of Leonardo-da-Vinci, from Italy and presented it to Eling Church. It lay rolled up and forgotten until in
the early 1900s.Rev. T. Thistle realised its value and had it placed in its present position.The scene of the Nativi-
ty which is now at the back of the font was removed from the Altar, for the picture to be placed where it would
seem it had always been intended to be as a back cloth to the Altar - Do note the details - the cat climbing into
the basket (was there fish in it?) and the little dog waiting for the "crumbles that fall from the Master's Ta-
ble".At the chancel steps is a fine carved wooden screen, a memorial to the fallen of the First World War,
whose names appear on a brass plate within the small arch on the right. This small arch seems to indicate that
many years ago a flight of steps lead to a small Chapel, the only remains of which is a small three leaved open-
ing, part of a piscina for washing holy vessels, put in its present position as an ornamentation by the mason
working on the alterations.
Another piscina can be seen on the right of the Altar, having two holes to let the water into a receptable below.
1.09 The Last Supper by Marco Marziale?
29
Above us, is the brass candelabrum, with a dove in the middle, probably about 300 years old, being rescued
from a passing tinker's barrow by a vigilant vicar?
On the left of the Altar is a 13th Century arch, unaltered, and this leads to the vestry added in 1825 A.D., note
the fine memorials on the wall to the Powlett and Serle families by the famous sculptor Rysbrack and to Sir
John Mills by Chantry.
Just below hangs an iron helmet and coat-of-arms of some long ago knight or squire. Three of these coats-of-
arms remain in the church, many having been discarded by various "spring cleanings" of bygone days.
In 1865 the gallery was removed, the seating "modernized", the aisles tiled, thus covering up much of the
church history.
A small very ancient container of holy water can be seen beside the pulpit.
The church registers date from 1537 and are some of the oldest and best preserved in the country.
We have a service of Communion Plate of silver gilt given on the Feast of the Nativity 1693 of unusual size and
magnificence, the flagon holding 7 pints of wine. This is now on view in Winchester Cathedral.
The tower, built in the 15th Century contains a peal of eight belts the last two being added to mark the Silver
Jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in 1977.
1.10 Church Plan
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1 .Entering the church by the south door, on your left is the font. Baptism is the first stage of a person's life in
the church.
2.Move to the West door. You may wish to look up the Nave to the High Altar. To the left and right are 12th.
Century Octagonal pillars and arches with various carved decorations at their bases. On the wall to the left of
the West Door is a carved stone reredos representing the Nativity which was originally above the High Altar.
3. The Tower and the Belfry in the north-west corner were built in the 15th. century. It houses a peal of eight
bells, the tenor weighing 12 cwt.
4.Before you go up the steps into the social area, notice the rounded arch (Norman style) and the plain glass
Perpendicular window where it is believed there was originally a North Transept.
5. On the left of the archway is a funerary monument to the Serle family.
6. The social area contains some interesting monuments. The carved pulpit was moved from the Nave to its
present position.
7. Looking through the archway into the Sanctuary, on the left hand side is a small Norman window.
8. On the right hand side is a Norman piscina ( basin )for cleaning holy vessels.
9. Over the High Altar is a 16th. century Venetian painting of the Last Supper. It was given to the church by Lord
Sandys a friend of Henry 8th.
10. If you gaze up at the ceiling of the Chancel you will see the carved gold leaf bosses.
11. The carved screen across the Nave is a memorial to the dead of the First World War.
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12. 0n the right oftlie Chancel is the Thistle Chapel, furnished in memory of Thomas Thistle, a well-loved and
remembered Vicar of Eling.
13. Above the archway to the Thistle Chapel is a hatchment and another one over the South door.
14. On the wall by the South door is a Plaque in memory of those men who lost their lives in the Titanic disaster
in 1912.
Looking through the archway into the Sanctuary, on the left hand side is a small Norman window.
The baptismal font
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The gold ceiling bosses
The Chancel
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1.11
The South Door
The carved pulpit was moved from the Nave to its present position
To the left of the West Door is a carved stone reredos representing the Nativity which was
originally above the High Altar.
Extracts from the Churchwardens accounts:
1667 (The Great Fire of London was in 1666) Gave two Londoners who came with a pass who lost in ye fire 2s. 6d. To two mearchants who were Wracked and had a pass 0s. 6d Paid for 8 ffoxes heads 8s 0d To ye ringers on gunpowder reason day last past 6s 0d 1670 To the man that went with the collect money to ye briefe concerning ye slaves in Turkey for two daies 2s 6d 1672 Paid a horseshire to carry away a woman that was great with child into ye next parish 0s 6d Paid for watching a madman 1s 6d Paid to 2 families of Norfolk people being 16 of them who had sustained great loss to the value of 2000 pound by ye breach of waters on their land 2s 6d 1674 for paving belfrey with stone 1Pound 1678 To John Smith and other maimed soldiers 1s 4d Collecting a briefe for St Paul's Church London towards ye rebuilding it 1 pound 15s 0d Spent at T hackstones on ye ringers ye 6th of Ffeb being ye day that ye king came to his crown 15s 0d 1689 Paid to Mr George Strode for halfe a hund. of ffagots to make a bonfire when ye king and queen were proclaimed 2s 3d
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THE TITANIC MEMORIAL
Inside the church on the wall by the South Door is a plaque in memory of those men who lost their lives in the Titanic disaster in 1912.
The loss of the Titanic was the greatest disaster ever to hit the Southampton area. Over 500 men from the area
perished when the great ship sank in 1912. This caused great distress in the city and in surrounding areas.
Totton has always had a strong maritime tradition. This might seem strange at first but it need to be remem-
bered that the Eling area has a long tradition of shipbuilding and seafaring. New Forest timber has supplied
local shipbuilders since the Middle Ages. By the time of the Napoleonic Wars the area was building ships for
Nelson’s Navy. The Warwick family were particularly’ important as local shipbuilders.
Details of the numbers of local men who served as seamen are sketchy but the census of 1851 lists a number of
seafaring men. There are records of three, possibly four, Totton men who served on the Titanic. The problem is
that the names do not appear in all the sources. We can identify the following men, The Plaque in Si. Mary‘s
church, Eling, identifies three Totton men listing their names and ages. The men listed are Frederick Godwin,
aged 34 years, Tom Warwick, aged 25 years and W. T. Fox, aged 27 years. The Church Plaque is a good source
of information as it must have been paid for and put up by local people who knew these men personally. A
fourth man, F. Gardner is listed in the Board of Trade Inquiry hut nowhere else.
Frederick Godwin, aged 34 years, was a greaser on tile Titanic. Greasers worked in the Engine Room helping to
maintain, the machinery, literally greasing the working parts. In terms of rank, greasers were one of the lowest
ranks in tile shipping world. Strangely enough this man is not mentioned in the list of casualties in the official
Board of Trade Inquiry. He is mentioned in the Crew and Passenger List produced by the White Star Line. As for
where he lived and who his family were, a search of the local census returns for 1881 and 1891 is quite reveal-
35
ing. Three Godwin’s are listed as members of the old Workhouse at Ashurst in1881. They are Robert Godwin,
no age given, Samuel Godwin aged 6years and Frederick Godwin aged 2 years. Frederick is listed as having
been born in Lyndhurst. Since the Frederick Godwin, on the Church Plaque is aged 34 years it would seem sen-
sible to identify him, with 2 year old child called Frederick Godwin, in the Workhouse in 188 1. Other Godwin’s
are mentioned in tile census of 1891.
Tom Warwick came from a local family which had a long reputation as shipbuilders in tile area. The family
name can be traced back to 1500. Tom Warwick was a Saloon Steward, attending to the needs of the passen-
gers. He would have waited on them generally looking after their comfort. The 1881 census lists a Henry War-
wick, Boot maker aged 24 years living at Bears lane Totton. The census of 1891 is more informative. It lists a
Henry Warwick, Shoemaker aged 34 years. At the same address is his wife, Mary , also aged 34 years. Their
children are listed as William Warwick no age given, Edward Warwick aged 6 years, Emma Warwick aged 9
years and Tom Warwick aged 4 years. The last named must be the Tom Warwick on the Titanic since the sink-
ing took place 21 years after the census of 1891. The Warwick on the Titanic was 25 years old when he lost his
life. Tom is named on the Plaque in St. Mary’s church, in the Board of Trade Inquiry List and in the List present-
ed by tile White Star Line.
W T. Fox is listed in official Board of Trade Inquiry and in the Passenger and crew List presented by the White
Star Line. He is also mentioned on the Church Plaque. The Board of Trade Inquiry lists his job as Steward and his
address as Polhawn, Springfield Road Totton. The modern name for this road is Downs Park Avenue. This man-
or his family are not mentioned in the census returns for 1881 amid 1891. Kelly’s Directories of the time also
fail to record the family. Other sources record a W. T. Fox living in Shirley Road. There is some confusion here.
W. T. Fox must have sonic connection with the Totton area since his name is on the plaque. Perhaps he went to
school in the area.
An F. Gardner, a greaser, of Totton is listed in the official Board of Trade inquiry. He is not named in the White
Star List or named on the Church Plaque. The name does appear in the census for 1891. An S. Gardner and a M.
Gardner are listed as living in Calmore in 1891.
Two other men are listed on the plaque in Eling Church. They are Richard Russell, aged 17 years, a steward and
William Edward Hine, aged 36 years, a baker. Russell’s address is given as the Anchor Inn Redbridge. Hine ad-
dress is given as Lyndhurst. They are both mentioned in the official White Star Passenger and Crew List and in
the Board of Trade List. Although not resident in Totton, they be on the Church Plaque because they went to
school in the area.
1.15
The Story of Eling's Saxon Stones
"In this year Birinus preached Christianity to the West Saxons"
Anglo Saxon Chronicle, AD. 634.
The story of Christianity in this country really starts in the mid fourth century though it is more than probable
that it existed in an unofficial way long before this time. In the early part of the century Constantine made
Christianity an official religion of the Empire. He himself only became a Christian on his death bed.
After this time the Empire remained Christian, despite a brief pagan revival under the Emperor Julian. The suc-
cess of Christianity was not mirrored in the military field. The Empire was unable to withstand a number of
barbarian invasions. In 410AD the Legions left Britain and the land was left to its own defences.
36
Germanic immigrants had been moving into the Empire for years. Indeed they served first as Legionaries and
then as mercenaries. They settled over large parts of the south. History tells us that they used the absence of a
strong Roman central authority in Britain to rebel against local British leaders who were employing them. It
may well be that in some areas the Germanic occupation was peaceful. Never-the-less, by the 6th. Century the
composition of much of England had changed. The Romano British Celts had been pushed into the West and
North. The Germanic tribes, Angles and Saxons occupied most of the rest of the country.
The south of Hampshire seems to have been settled by the Jutes, a tribe from Denmark, while Saxons seem to
have moved down the river valleys of the Test and Itchen. The Angle Saxon Chronicle written much later says
that a Saxon chief Cerdic landed along Southampton Water and founded the kingdom of Wessex. Whatever the
history the world of the Saxons was far different to that of the Romans. The Saxons were farmers, living in
small communities. Theirs was a tribal society, loyalty owed to the chief. Their culture was oral at first with no
written laws or history. Their religion was that of the Germanic Gods and it was deeply entwined with their
farming customs. Christianity had been pushed far to the West with Celtic refugees.
Slowly over a hundred years or more small kingdoms emerged. In the south that of Wessex became dominant
with its capital first at Wilton and then at Winchester. By the early, 7th. Century Christian missionaries includ-
ing the great St. Augustine were working in Kent. In 634 AD. Birinus was sent to preach the gospel to the West
Saxons. In 635 AD. he baptised King Cynegils of the West Saxons. No doubt with royal sponsorship Christian
preachers spread the gospel all over Wessex. What the ordinary people thought is no known. It may well be
that the faith they followed publicly was far different to the faith they followed privately.
There were few churches at first. Settlements were served by travelling preachers operating from local minis-
ters. It was not until the 9th Century that King Aethelwulf of Wessex started to endow churches on a large
scale. It may well be that Eling Church was founded at this time. Certainly there was a church at Eling at the
time of the Domesday Book. Evidence of the Saxon Church is however very scanty. Inside the Church there is
small window to the left of the high altar which some have suggested is Saxon. It is certainly early Norman.
The real surprise came when the Church was re ordered in the 1990s. While an archaeological dig was being
done as part of the work some inscribed stones were found. These are now thought to be Saxon. Some seem to
be part of a window frame. Some have inscribed crosses. There is a body of opinion that thinks that they may
be the consecration stones of the church. If so this was a very rare find. These stones represent the very begin-
ning of Christianity in this area.
1.16
The Inventory of Eling Church 1553
The Invitorye of ye goodes and ornaments of ye parishe churche of Elyng taken ye xii day of July
by Master Richrd Byrd Vicar .Barry loveil, fohnfonas, William Hocar, Adam Stone,
Lanrans Oiyver, Robert Braty with divers others, the sixth yere of ye reigh of Kyng Edward ye VIth,
The Church Wardens, fohn Weere,
John Newman,
The Sidesmen, Richard Bennyg,
WWiam Coper.
37
" Imprimas ii silver chalisses with patentes.ii crosses of coper and gylt, v corpores casis with vcorporis, ipeyre
of white vestiments, iiipeyre of browne silke, i peyre of vestiments of BLew silke, i peyre of vestiments with
swannes, i peyre of vestiments imbroderyd with lyons, i peyre of vestiments of redde satyn, i old clothe tor ye
sepulchre, 1 cope of brown silke, i cope of reede silke, i cope of yellow velvet, vi alter clothes.iii hangers for
alters, iv banners and ii stremers, ii basins of brasse and ii brasse canstykes, ill silken pillows, ii palles, ii sur-
ples Hi belles in the steeple, ii litell belles.Item at ye chappell of Ower, i peyre of vestiments, i cope, ii belles, i
alter clothe, i chalise",
The Inventory of Eling Church taken in 1553, no doubt at the request of the King's Commissioners, provide a
glimpse into the religious change of the time. We do not know how the Reformation of Henry VIII affected
Eling.
We do not know if it had any costly ornaments or even if it was painted as many pre Reformation churches
were. No doubt when the local abbeys such as Beaulieu were despoiled local churches were visited as well.
How much damage was done we do not know.
The real changes began in the reign of Edward, Henry's young son, when power was seized by Protestant re-
formers. These people under the guise of religious reform and personal gain attacked the old Catholic Churches
and stripped them of anything valuable. Eling seems to have possessed some fine sets of vestments. Silk ,Satin
and Velvet vestments would have been particularly costly. Those with swans and lions may have been the gifts
of wealthy patrons. The set with lions could even denote a gift from the Crown. The copper crosses, brass can-
dlesticks and basins might mean that the church at Eling was not well off for expensive ornaments. It could
equally mean that these had been taken in a previous visitation in the reign of Henry VIII. The silver challises
could well have survived from earlier times. Though it is possible that they were the gift of the Sandy’s family,
who were important patrons of the church, in the reign of Henry VIII. Lord Sandy's was one of the Gentlemen
of the Bedchamber and a personal friend of Henry VIII. It is reputed that Lord Sandy's gave the picture of the
Last Supper over the High Altar to the Church. What happened to the chalice’s after the Inventory was taken is
not known.
Also in the inventory the mention of Banners and Streamers is interesting. Much of the Catholic ceremony in-
volved processions on Saints Days with Banners and Streamers carried before the images of the Saints. These in
an agricultural society were often carried out at important times of the year such as Spring planting and Har-
vest Festival. This still takes place in Catholic Europe today.
No doubt the Banners and Streamers disappeared. It was probably at this time that the Church was re ordered,
stripped of all ornaments, altar screen removed and re decorated severely. Whitewash being used to cover any
decoration. What the locals thought of this is not known or if the Church had a brief Catholic refurbishment in
the reign of Edward's sister Mary.
1.17
All Our Yesterdays
An Affectionate Look at Life in the Area at the Accession of Queen Elizabeth II in 1952
"l just remember that we had a party with egg
N
38
Britain in 1952 was just emerging from the grey years that followed the Second World War. There were still
shortages in many areas such as building materials. All over the country rebuilding was a slow process. South-
ampton was still disfigured by many bomb sites. All over this area temporary housing, pre-fabs, were put up to
house families who had lost their homes during the war. Southampton which had lost most of its shopping area
still had temporary shops such as Plummers. Radio was still an important form of entertainment and television
sets were still rare in the area. The Trams had only just vanished into history and their replacement the Guy
AEC with its familiar red box shape was still new on the streets. Cars were still few and speeds were slower. The
Redbridge Causeway was still choked at rush hour.
Totton, too .was smaller with less than the 30,000 population it has today. The Precinct had not been built.
Rumbridge Street was a thriving shopping area with a Woolworth's and a number of Co op shops. The Calmore
Estate had not been built. Houston School was not in existence. The main secondary school was Testwood
School ,headed by Mr.Ridges. Across the Salisbury Road Abbotswood school was thriving, as was Eling School
south of the Railway line. In Junction Road the Savoy Cinema provided entertainment for the locals. The cinema
was one of three owned by a small company.
The English Team contained many unknowns such as Tom Finney and Stanley Matthews. The Saints were rele-
gated in 1953 to the Third Division and eventually got promoted in 1959. Totton Football Club spent the fifties
see sawing between Division One and Two of the Hampshire League. You could watch Speedway or go grey-
hound racing at the Stadium in Southampton. You could drown your sorrows after a game at any number of
local Public Houses, such as the Elephant and Castle, the Anchor or the Village Bells. The much beloved Travel-
ler's Rest on the site of the War Memorial Car Park has long since disappeared. After your night out you could
travel home on a Hants and Dorset bus. They were easy to recognise. They were double decked dark green
boxes. Upstairs some had long seats which were difficult to vacate if the Bus was packed. You could travel
home on a train steam powered of course and even travel down the Waterside on a train.
What about the people who went to St. Mary's. Well for a start there were more of them. Congregations were
larger. In 1952 the Vicar was the Rev. Fletcher. There was a flourishing choir at the Church and a large Sunday
school. Some of the men worked Burt Boulton's, the largest timber yard and the biggest employer in the area.
If they bought a house the average price in 1952 was £1800. If they bought a new car they could expect to pay
£800 for a new Vauxhall, the lady of the house could expect to spend £11 - 12 on food. Today in 2002 the aver-
age food bill is £32. The average weekly wage was £9. and the ubiquitous plastic credit cards were a thing of
the future. The congregation of St. Mary's spent a third of their income on essentials. No foreign holidays then
or video games or C.D. players. The married ladies of the congregation stayed at home. It was in the fifties that
women began to return to work. Even so people still believed in saving for that rainy day. Some of the budget
went on cigarettes. Smoking was socially acceptable and was widely advertised.
Such was life when Queen Elizabeth ascended the throne in1952. The good old days we are told. Perhaps this is
not the case. Materially in 2004 we are much better off but perhaps we have lost part of the sense of commu-
nity that we had in 1952. The age of Woodbines, Nestled Five Boys chocolate, Educating Archie and Stanley
Matthews has faded into a rosy memory .
1.18
Murder and Mayhem in
Totton and Eling
From Parish Records Crimes of violence are not unique to the twentieth century.
39
A brief survey of the local records of Totton and Eling reveals a number of violent acts some of which appear to
have gone unpunished. The story starts with the digging of a tank outside the Church of St. Mary's on Eling Hill.
The tank was to be sunk deep outside the Church door that fronts on to Eling Hill. Deep in the ground the con-
tractors found a number of human skeletons. With them was found a coin. On examination the coin proved to
be of the late Roman period, about 360 to 370 AD. The Emperor of the time was Jovian. The skulls appeared to
have been damaged, perhaps by blows. The date is of great interest as it is the time of the great Saxon Raid on
Britain. The Romans only regained the province with great effort. Who were these people? Had they been
murdered? Were they Saxon pirates, put to death after capture, or were they captured Roman soldiers? We
can never know. If the coin was buried with them deliberately it could have been to pay the ferryman to the
land of the dead.
Poaching the King's deer was a practice as old as the Forest itself. In 1257 the King's huntsman, Wassemer, was
travelling with his boy from Lyndhurst to Redbridge. Between Ashurst and Fletchwood he was assaulted and
killed by Richard and Rocelin sons of Robert de Lyndhurst. They were sheltered at the home of Ralph de Lynd-
hurst whose daughter Rocelin had married. They also found shelter at the home of Absalom, Ralph's brother
and at the home of Richard Le Wayl in the area of Redbridge. The Monks of Beaulieu had also given them shel-
ter. The boy travelling with the huntsman was brought before the and put in prison. The Inquest took place at
Rumbridge before Alexander de Monti Forti and the Sheriff, James Le Sauvage. Richard fled but Rocelin turned
up to the Court. He was found guilty and sentenced to be hung. All the others were acquitted apart from Ralph
de Lyndhurst who was hung. The sorry tale does not end there. Further inquiries uncovered a huge poaching
ring, involving the abbots of Beaulieu and Titchfleld and the Priors of St. Deny's and St. Mary's in Southampton.
All had to appear before the court at Wilton in 1257. All these worthies received fines ranging from £10 to 1
mark. As usual it was the little men who paid the price.
Church records also record a number of suspicious deaths. Who was Hector Pierce who was recorded slain in
1616? Who was the soldier found dead at Hartley in 1644?
Far more obvious is the epitaph of William Mansbridge in the cemetery in Eling.
"Stop reader and read my fate, What caused my life to terminate,
For thieves by night, when in my bed, Broke up my house and shot me dead".
The Mansbridges were an important local family. Were the murderers ever caught and brought to trial? Did
they suffer the ultimate punishment. Again there is a gap in the historical record. Just as tantalising is the sad
end of Edward Dudman in 1737. The parish records simply say that he was shot by Mr Coster's maid. Was it a
crime of passion or was it an unfortunate accident? Again there is a gap in the historical record. All we can say
is that Dudman and Coster are local surnames.
So we come to perhaps the strangest mystery of ally one that has passed into local folklore. Testwood house,
now offices along Salisbury Road, is reputed to be haunted.
The ghost takes the form of a man in a top hat. People working in the offices complained effecting cold and
being watched. The story goes that in the 18th. century a coachman murdered a cook. He killed her in the serv-
ant's quarters in Testwood House and dumped her body in a lane nearby. The lane is now called, Cook's Lane. A
later version of the story replaces the coachman with the butler. The factual origin of the tale has not been
traced, yet it is probable that a real event lies at the centre of the story, an event so powerful that it has been
remembered in some form for two hundred years. One wonders if it is the sad story of Edward Dudman, shot
by a maid which has become changed as it has been passed down.
40
1.19
The Reformation and Eling Church
"Play the man Master Ridley, for we shall light such a candle in England
as by the grace of God shall never be put out." Archbishop Latimer as he was being burnt at the stake in 1555.
In the 16th. century England was rocked by the Reformation. For centuries England had been part of the Catho-
lic Church. In the early 1500's Henry VIII decided to divorce his wife Catharine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn.
Divorce could only be granted by the Pope and the Pope was a virtual prisoner of Catharine's nephew, Charles
ruler of Spain and Austria. Henry decided to put pressure on the Pope after the Pope refused to grant the King's
divorce.
In a series of measures the King made himself Head of the Church and destroyed the monasteries taking the
land and wealth for himself and his friends. By the reign of his son Edward an English Bible and Prayer Book had
been produced. After a brief return to Catholicism under Mary the country returned to the Protestant fold un-
der Queen Elizabeth. She founded the Protestant Church of England.
These changes were of course reflected in local churches. St. Mary's ,however has no record of a re ordering at
this time. In Tudor times the basic structure of St. Mary's was probably much the same as it looks today. The
furnishings would have been different. The ceiling would have had wooden beams as these are recorded as
having been removed in the mid 19th. century. The Altar would have stood at the far end of the Nave. There
may have been wall paintings as these have been found in other New Forest churches. There would have been
no pews as the congregations stood for services. There was probably an Altar Screen separating the congrega-
tion from the High Altar. When the church was re ordered in the 1990s a rescue dig found remains of what ap-
peared to have been a wooden screen buried under the floor. Perhaps this was the original screen, torn down
and buried by reformers. If the church had wall paintings they were removed, but who removed them and
when they were removed remains a mystery. Only one monument in the church predates 1600. If there were
others they may have been destroyed by reformers. On the right side of the Nave is a small window which may
be the remains of a Rood Loft, perhaps containing an Altar. This too could have been removed. An Inventory of
the time of Edward VI hints at a rich set of Priests vestments. These have long gone.
One wonders what the local people felt. They probably felt very confused. The local clergy seemed untroubled.
For much of the century Eling was served by two priests. Henry Hawkyns from 1485 to 1536 and Thomas Sel-
woode from 1536 to 1587. Henry Hawkyns may have retired or simply died of old age as he was well into his
seventies. Thomas Selwoode survived all the religious chops and changes of the 16th. century. He must have
been a very adaptable man or simply adept at keeping his head down!
One would expect changes in local landholding either in the confiscation of Church lands or the removal of
lands from those who did not support the new order.. Strangely enough unlike the evidence that comes from
other areas, changes in land holding were not widespread. Eling was held by the Wardens of Winchester Col-
lege and they continued to hold the manor after the Reformation. Rumbridge remained in the hands of the
Canterton family and the manor of Testwood remained in the hands of the West family. Netley Abbey held a
small piece of land in Totton. In 1546 this was given to John Bellowes and John Broxhoime. They appear to have
been speculators as they sold the land next day to Richard Marden. Colbury manor was held by the Abbey of
Beaulieu but in 1538 it was sold to Thomas Hopson. In 1545 it was sold to the Mill family who held it for 200
years. The manor of Langley was held before the Reformation by the Priors of Breamore Abbey. After the
41
Reformation it passed to Henry Marquis of Exeter. Two years later he forfeited all his estates and the manor
was given to Anne of Cleves, presumably as a Wedding gift. In 1545 it was purchased by the Mill family. Some
local families such as the Mills did very well out of these transactions. They would be loyal supporters of the
Crown because they owed their lands to the Crown. Other locals kept their feelings to themselves. Better to
keep their land than express an opinion.
What the locals thought is not recorded. The Churchwarden Accounts do not begin until 1667. Local people
probably did as they were told. It soon became obvious that dissent would not be tolerated.
http://www.southernlife.org.uk/elingchu.htm
1.2
Eling Conservation Area
Once the centre of a large parish Eling, owes its survival of its rural setting on a hill, overlooking Southampton
Water and to its separation from Totton by Eling Creek with its causeway and centuries old toll bridge.
Its status as a conservation area acts as a defence against urban encroachment from Totton and Hounsdown.
The contrast between the environments within and outside the area could hardly be more stark. The footpaths
around the village and Hartley Water, and Goatee Beach on Southampton Water, provide important recrea-
tional areas for locals.
A long straggling settlement of farms and cottages, interspersed with more imposing buildings, stretches up
Eling Hill from the Creek to Cole's Farm. The historic buildings include three which are listed Grade II* - the Tide
Mill, St Mary's Church and the Old Rectory -as well as several attractive unlisted buildings. The tidal waters of
Eling Creek, which provided a good site for mills for centuries, is today home to the yacht club.
The name Eling has Celtic origins which suggests that this area has been occupied for a very long time. In the
9th century King Aethelwulf, father of Alfred the Great, gave land for a burial ground and a church at Eling Hill,
and the Domesday Book, in 1086, mentions two mills and a church here.
For hundreds of years Eling was a busy port and in the 18th century there were plans for a canal link to Salis-
bury but this came to nothing. During the 19th century Totton expanded right to the edge of the Creek, chang-
ing the character of the north bank of the creek completely.
These are key features in the conservation area:
Eling Tide Mill is the only surviving tide mill in the world still regularly producing stoneground flour. Tide mills
are usually built on causeways across inlets of tidal estuaries which form both a bridge and a dam. The tide fills
the estuary behind the dam and the water is held back by sluice gates until it is released through the mill race
to operate the machinery for about five hours each tide. In 1382 William Wykeham granted Eling Tide Mill to
his newly founded College in Winchester as part of its endowment. It remained the property of the College
until 1975 when it was bought by New Forest District Council and restored by volunteers.
The first church was replaced by a stone building in the 11th century. The ashlar tower dates from Tudor times
and is three storeys high with battlements. Although most of the church dates from between the Norman peri-
od and the 14th century much of this is hidden by the restoration work of Benjamin Ferrey 1863-5. The church-
yard is full of interesting grave stones from the last 300 years, twelve of which are listed.
More than 50 fire-fighters tackled a blaze at a Hampshire pub early today. The blaze broke out at the closed down Red Lion pub in Totton. It started at about 10.40pm and fire-fighters stayed at the sce-ne throughout the night. Crews were still damping down the wrecked building this morning and keeping a watch for further flare-ups. A partial road closure has been put in place causing traffic jams in the area. Six engines from across south west Hampshire plus an aerial ladder were called to the blaze at the empty pub in Commercial Road. It started in the first floor and spread to the roof, which collapsed.
48
The officer in charge, station manager Mark Raven said: “Crews did a great job in tackling the blaze quickly by using the aerial ladder platform to contain the fire to the roof and first floor of the premises. "Had it not been for the fire-fighters good work this could have been a much more serious incident with the possibility of the spread of fire and further damage to the building.” The pub, which had a 2am licence, was shut down last month by police four days before it was due to be closed by its pub co-owners Enterprise Inns. Officers served a closure order in the interests of public safety after landlady Jacqui Barclay, formerly Jacqui Clapp, invited customers to “drink the pub dry”. At a council meeting last week licencing bosses heard the pub had a history of violence and police were called to a spate of incidents including several fights and assaults in which people were badly injured. But after reading a 110-page report agreed that the Red Lion could reopen, subject to new licensing hours and a change of staff. However, its fate remains unclear after Paul Gill, regional manager of Enterprise Inns, was asked if the building would be sold. He replied: “We’re looking at various options and no decision has been made. “An investigation has been launched into the cause of the fire. http://www.thisishampshire.net/news/8361485.Firefighters_tackle_blaze_at_Hampshire_pub/
By Terri & Svetlana Gagarin-Rawlings First Printing 14.03.2011
2.0 1. National Archives – Domesday Book
Marchwood, Hampshire
Folio: 50v Great Domesday Book
Domesday
place name:
Merceode
People
mentioned
within entire
folio:
Aelfhelm; Aelfric the Little; Aestan; Aghmund; Almaer; Alric; Alsige
the chamberlain; Alwig; Alwine White; Alwine son of Wulfgeat; Cola
the huntsman, son of Wulfgeat; Cynna; Eadgifu; Ealdraed brother of
Oda; Earl Tosti; Edmund; Edmund son of Pain; Edwin the huntsman;
50
Father of Alric; Father of Wulfric the huntsman; Godric Malf; Godric
uncle of Alric; Godwine the falconer; Goldgifu; Hugh Latimer; Hugh de
Port; Hugh de St Quentin; Humphrey Visdeloup; King Edward as donor;
King Edward as lord; King William as monarch; Leofwine; Miles; Odo,
Bishop of Bayeux; Picot; Ravelin; Saewine; Saewulf; Bishop of Saintes;
Siward; Sons of Godric Malf; Thegns of King William; Vigot; William
Orenet; Wulfgeat father of Alwine; Wulfgeat father of Cola the
huntsman; Wulfgeat the huntsman; Wulfric; Wulfric the huntsman
Date 1086
From Kelly’s Hampshire Directory in Southampton Library local study collection. Marchwood, situated on the western shore of Southampton Water, was once a tithing: formed into an ecclesiastical parish in 1843 from the civil parish of Eling; constituted a civil parish under sec.57 of the 'Local Government Act, 1888' (51 & 52 Vict, c.41), by order of the County Council, confirmed 16th July, 1894; this place is 2 1/2 miles south-east from Eling, and 3 miles south-east from Totton station on the London and South Western railway, in the New Forest division of the county, Redbridge hundred, petty sessional division of Lymington, New Forest union and Southampton county court district, and in the rural deanery of Lyndhurst and archdeaconry and diocese of Winchester; a ferry boat plies to and from Southampton. The church of St. John’s is a building of stone and white brick in the Perpendicular Style, and consists of chancel, nave of four bays, south aisle, transepts and a tower with spire, containing a clock and one bell, there are several stained windows, one of which was presented by Major William Sawyer, in memory of his child; there are about 400 sittings. The register dates from the year 1845, the living is a vicarage, net yearly value &150, including 18 acres of glebe, with residence, in the gift of Charles Bartholomew Esq., and held since 1879 by the Rev. Charles Lambert Coghlan M.A., of University College, Oxford. Here is a Congregational chapel. In the parish is the Royal Naval Ordnance depot, together with a hospital and barracks. Pooks Green is a place in this parish, Byams, the seat of William Gascoigne Roy Esq. J.P. was rebuilt in 1878; the old house had been in possession of the family for over a century. Cecil Roy Saunders Esq*. F.S.S., of Eling, who is Lord of the manor, Mrs Vaudrey, of Langley Manor, Charles Bartholomew esq. C.E. of Castle Hill House, Ealing, London W. and W. Gascoigne Roy esq. are the principal landowners.
*The manor afterwards passed to John Saunders, of Downs House, on whose death in 1832 it descended to his son, Andrew Saunders. (fn. 239) Cecil Roy Saunders, who succeeded his father Andrew in 1876, died in 1907, and his brother, Archibald Carmichael Saunders, is now lord of the manor of Marchwood.
The soil is clay and sandy; subsoil, sand. The chief crops are wheat, barley and oats; the rateable value is &2,837. the population in 1891 was 695, including 58 in the Government Powder Magazine, Hospital, Barracks & C … Parish Clerk, Frederick Drake. List of Notable Residencies Marchwood Park Charles Bartholomew Byam’s House W. Gascoigne Roy. The Vicarage. Charles Lambert Goghlan. MA. Lord of the Manor Archibald Carmichael Saunders Langley Manor Mrs Vaudrey
51
County Police Station Charles Young – Constable in charge. Post Office Mrs Margaret Jones – Postmistress National School Built 1854 White Horse PH Peter Kingham Licensee Ship PH Charles Hasman Licensee Malt House Stephen Philpot Bury Farm Henry Stock Staplewood Farm Thomas Webb Pooks Green is in this Parish, noted as Rooks Green in the Southampton Kelly Directory
2.01 Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood 1812
Conservation Area
The Royal Naval Armaments Depot (RNAD) is an important site at a key location between Eling and Hythe on Southampton Water. The site developed between 1812 and the 1890s, initially as a depot for the storage and management of gunpowder, and later for the storage of other munitions. The survival of Georgian military works from the period of the Napoleonic wars is relatively rare and the site is therefore of both local and national importance. RNAD is clearly a planned site, the buildings are highly specialised and enough survives for the history of the site to be easily understood. Many of the buildings and walls are individually listed. Since the site was decommissioned and closed the historic buildings have fallen into disrepair and a number still need new uses to give them a new lease of life. Designation as a conservation area recognises the special historic interest of RNAD, and focuses attention on the scope for the environment of the area as a whole to be improved, and on opportunities for the waterfront and links to Marchwood village.
In 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia and Russia formed an alliance with England. As a result the Inspector General of Fortifications ordered a depot for 20,000 barrels of gunpowder to be built at Marchwood to supplement the magazines at Gosport.
By 1814 three magazines and Examining Rooms had been built linked by a canal system to transport the barrels. Earth banked blast walls and high walled enclosures protected each building. An office and guard house and a barrack block were built on Magazine Lane. There was a rolling stage, a raised planked barrow way, built out to a landing stage in deep water. A sea wall was added fronting Southampton Water and returning along the Creek. In the 1840s Receiving Rooms were built at the end of the rolling stage.
The depot closed briefly in 1850 but was reopened during the outbreak of the Crimean war and in 1856-57 four new and larger magazines were added. Further protecting walls linking the original magazine compounds and a new western boundary wall were built.
RNAD continued in use for the storage of munitions into the 20th century. War damage in 1940 destroyed some of the magazines. Stocks of munitions were reduced after the war and the site was finally decommissioned and closed in 1961.
These are key features in the conservation area:
Magazine C with its surrounding walls is one of the surviving magazines added in 1856-7. It is a large red brick
building with few window and door openings. Much of the original roof structure survives. Internally, one large space was laid out in bays for the storage of powder barrels. Since it was highly dangerous it was essential that the gunpowder was securely stored. The magazine was therefore solidly constructed with double skinned brick walls and a heavy slate roof.
The barrack block now restored and converted to apartments and known as Frobisher Court.
Magazine A. The Receiving Rooms and the surrounding walls. Magazine A, dates from the original
development of 1814. The roof covering of this magazine consisted uniquely of huge slates underlayed by clay tiles - again a protective measure.
The Examining Rooms date from the original development of the site. The single storey building consists of two
rooms with entrance porches. The roof structure survives under the temporary covering. The Examining Rooms were used for inspecting and repacking powder barrels - strict regulations were enforced and no barrels were ever opened in the magazines.
The office and guardhouse are two small lodge-type buildings, dating from the original development of 1814,
now occupied by Marchwood Yacht Club. The colonnaded porches were added to the front of the buildings in 1856. Original doors and window joinery survive.
52
The earth banked blast walls around existing and former magazines. These are impressive six metre high walls
which lean in towards the banks. They are now consolidated by mature vegetation and oak and pine trees. These are some of the things that make RNAD special - they need to be looked after:
History The increasing importance of rare military survivals from the period of the Napoleonic wars.
The layout of the site which was determined by the way the buildings were used.
Buildings
Buildings and walls are of red brick, of English Bond, with slate roofs, although some have temporary roofs. Brickwork has fine detailing with decorative recesses, raised panels, rubbed brick arches and detailed copings. The individual purposes of the buildings are particularly evident in their character. The magazines are uncompromising with few openings for windows and doors. The accommodation buildings have a more domestic scale with more windows and doors. Windows are typically sashes of the period, of 6-pane over 6-pane. The separation and enclosure of the buildings by the large scale earth banked blast walls and high brick walls sought to contain accident damage.
Landscape and Setting
The approach to the site is along Magazine Lane which still retains the character of a narrow country lane. The spaces contained by the walls around the building compounds.
The promenade to Southampton Water - an important open space with stunning views of the docks, and backed by the continuous frontage wall bounding the magazine compounds. The sea wall, part original, part rebuilt - a key landscape feature.
Magazine Lane, with the accommodation buildings on one side and the creek on the other. Groups of trees on the earth banks to the blast walls and valuable trees across the site are especially prominent when the area is viewed from the water.
Potential for enhancement
Retaining and repairing the historic buildings is a key factor in the future of the site. The Council's intention is for this to become a residential site with development respecting the conservation area and the listed buildings. As much of the site has long lain derelict, there is much potential for improvement and enhancement through any new development. The waterside promenade, including the completion of the sea wall, could be an attractive amenity. Magazine Lane, including the adjacent Creek from the public hard to the cottages, is a key area which
could benefit from pedestrian priority. http://www.newforest.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=2178
2.02
3. Marchwood Yacht Club History
The Royal Naval Armaments Depot at Marchwood Opened in 1815
The picture shows the old jetty and the magazine buildings.
Magazine 'A' is the building in line with the jetty
Ordnance House which is in the centre of the picture was occupied by the Commanding Officer.
To ensure that a country is well defended, its arms and munitions must be safely and securely stored. As long ago as the early Middle Ages, when England had no standing army or navy, the king's stock of arms was kept under the surveillance of the Keeper of the King's Wardrobe in the Tower of London.
As the art of gun design and the production of arms became more skilled, the status of the office was raised and from 1414 onwards there was a succession of 'Masters of our Works, Engines, Cannons and Other Kinds of Ordnance'. Towards the end of the sixteenth century, allegations of corruption together with the deteriorating quality of weaponry led to the appointment of a Commission of Investigation and the re-shaping of the Office of Ordnance. In 1598 the department was put into the charge of The Great Master who controlled the disposition and storage of military and naval armaments and for the following 250 years, this administrative arrangement changed very little.
In about 1667, an ordnance depot was established in Portsmouth which immediately became one of the country's most important arms stores outside the Tower of London. Explosives were kept in the Square Tower at the south-west end of Portsmouth High Street, but during the next century, fears grew over the proximity of the magazine to the heavily Populated town and in the 1760s this culminated in a successful public petition for its removal.
Weapons and hardware continued to be stored in the Square Tower, but during the 1770s, all the explosives were moved across the harbour for storage in the massive gunpowder magazine at Priddy's Hard - the oldest of the four depots making up the complex of R.N.A.D. Gosport. Priddy's Hard was built in 1771, and although six thousand barrels of gunpowder could be stored there, it was necessary to disperse the ammunition and gunpowder in case the depot ever came under attack. Satellite magazine stores were built to serve this purpose and one of these was the Royal Naval Armaments Depot at Marchwood.
R.N.A.D. Marchwood was built some 40 years after Priddy's Hard came into use and was opened in 1815. Historically this date was significant as it was not only a time when Britain was undergoing industrialization and consequent social changes, but it was also in this year that Britain defeated France at Waterloo, making her one of the strongest nations in Europe. Priority was naturally given to maintaining this superiority and ensuring that the country remained well protected.
The building of this small depot at Marchwood may have appeared insignificant in the grand scale of things
54
but its role was to prove important during its 146 year life. Plans to build a satellite magazine on the west side of the River Test were initiated in 1812 under the instruction of the Inspector General of Ordnance.
The site at Marchwood was purchased by the Ordnance Office from Sir Charles Mills for £1,200 and three years later, staffed by a storekeeper named R.B. Ady, a Foreman and two Watchmen, a three magazine depot capable of storing 21,000 barrels of gunpowder, was opened. Being highly dangerous it was imperative that the gunpowder was securely stored, both to minimise the risk of accident and to keep it out of the reach of would-be thieves.
Consequently each magazine had to be solidly constructed with 21 inch thick brick walls which were double skinned and had ventilation ports. The massive roofs were of half inch thick slates laid on top of clay tiles, with the soffits finished in one inch thick elm boarding. To avoid the obvious hazard from sparks, all metal work was non-ferrous and even the one and a half inch thick coffered floors were constructed using wooden pegs instead of nails. Copper was used for other metal surfaces.
Outside, the magazines were surrounded by brick wails 11 feet high and 15 inches thick. They were also separated by traverses of brick walls and blast banks of earth 21 feet high. In addition to the three magazines, the Depot consisted of an examining laboratory with two rooms, a shifting house, a cooperage, two store rooms, a boathouse, a powder pier and a hard. There were also barracks and offices.
It was necessary for security at Marchwood to be strict and in 1819 military sentries were introduced to the site. During the next 72 years, while Marchwood was under the jurisdiction of the Board of Ordnance and, later, the War Office, the depot was under a 24 hour guard. This was carried out by four military sentries and two watchmen who were labourers at the depot. The exclusive duty of one of these watchmen would be to patrol the river bank behind the magazines.
The strength of the military presence varied over the years. The first detachment of the Royal Artillery to be deployed at Marchwood in 1819 consisted of one sergeant with 12 N.C.0s. and men. The detachment in 1846 had one sergeant and fourteen gunners and in 1891, there were two officers, a company of the Rifle Brigade and a surgeon with army medical staff. The number of men posted to the depot at any particular time is probably an indication of the volume of gunpowder being stored there.
By the start of the 1850s, activity at Marchwood appears to have diminished, as between October 1850 and March 1854, the magazines were empty and depot houses were let to coast-guards and civilians. However, Britain's entry into the Crimean War (March 1854 - February 1856) immediately led to the re-commissioning of the magazines and in 1856 four new magazines were built. These were handed over to the War Office, which replaced the now abolished Ordnance Office, by the Royal Engineer on July lst l857. The establishment site now covered 7 acres and became triangular in shape.
Like the residents of Portsmouth a hundred years earlier, the people of Southampton were concerned about an armaments depot being so close to their homes. In January 1876, when Marchwood was well stocked and fears were at their worst, the Committee for the Transport and Storage of Powder was petitioned and the removal of the depot was demanded. The Committee's president, Colonel C.M. Younghusband reassured the people of Southampton that they were in no danger and maintained there was nothing to justify the removal of the establishment from the neighbourhood.
The Secretary of state for War agreed that under no circumstances could he consent to the removal of the armaments depot. At about this time, the stock at Marchwood ceased to be exclusively gunpowder, and in 1877 one magazine was allocated for small arms. In 1892 a second magazine was set aside for Q.F. ammunition.
Naval vessels brought the consignments of gunpowder along Southampton Water to Marchwood where they were delivered at the pier head. The barrels were then, three at a time, transported on magazine barrows along the pier to the rolling stage for inspection by the cooper. The barrels were then transferred to flat bottomed barges and ferried along the canal to the magazines. Casual labour was sometimes employed to help convey the barrels to and from the magazines. Throughout the depot's life, few changes were made to the unloading and storage procedures. Every effort was made to avoid accidents and spillages and over the years strict regulations were enforced. For example, no barrels were ever opened in the magazines but were taken to the Examining Rooms for investigation. The barrels were constantly examined for faults such as slackness in the hooping and if any defective barrels were discovered, they were immediately taken to the cooper to be repaired. The magazine floors were swept after every arrival
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and dispatch of gunpowder and any areas that the gunpowder had been carried over were sprinkled with water.
There were also strict rules concerning the men who worked in the depot. The cooper and labourers for instance were frequently assembled in the shifting room where their clothing was searched for pipes and matches. Before they were allowed to enter the magazines they had to change into jerseys and woolen drawers which they wore under 'duck' frocks and trousers. Working parties employed from 1925 onwards were also carefully searched for anything of a dangerous nature. They too wore prescribed clothing and special magazine shoes.
Royal Marine Light Infantry in Marching Order
Two officers, 40 N.C.0s. and men of the Royal Marines Light Infantry were detached to Marchwood under the authority of Captain W.S. Cox. Life for these men appears to have been relatively congenial compared to the rigours of normal marine life. The officers, for example, were granted a special allowance of 1s 6d a day in lieu of provisions, fuel and mess expenses.
No.167 Admiralty Orders in Council 9th May 1892
ALLOWANCE IN LIEU OF PROVISIONS, &c., TO OFFICERS, ROYAL MARINES, SERVING AT NAVAL POWDER MAGAZINES.
Whereas a detachment of Royal Marines is now stationed at Marchwood Powder Magazine in consequence of its transfer from the War Office to the Admiralty. We are of opinion that the Officers serving with the detachment there, and all other Royal Marine Officers on detached duty of a similar character, should receive a special allowance of Is. 6d. a day, in lieu of Provisions, Fuel, or Lights, and in aid of Mess expenses. We beg leave therefore humbly to recommend that Your Majesty will be graciously pleased by, Your Order in Council to sanction the issue of this allowance as from the 1st. September 1891, or such other date subsequent thereto as the Officers of the Royal Marines may be employed on detached duty at any of the Naval Powder Magazines, &c.
The Lords Commissioners of Your Majesty's Treasury have signified their concurrence in this proposal.
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An Officer of The Royal Marines Light Infantry.
It was during the time of the Marines' residence that a windmill to supply fresh water was constructed at the depot. The machine, 16 feet and supported on a 70 foot high square steel trellis, was purchased from John Wallis Titt's Iron Works in Warminster in 1873 for the sum of £155. It was in operation by the following year. For the next four years the windmill was in use continuously but it appears to have been the cause of grievance on more than one occasion.
In a letter dated 9th November 1898, Captain Cox complained to the Naval Officer at Portsmouth that for some considerable time the water has not accumulated in the tank to the slightest degree. Only three months later Captain Cox reported, It has been found almost impossible and extremely dangerous to attempt to stop the windmill from working during a storm or in a gale of wind.
At the turn of the century, the magazines were full to capacity, acting as a reserve unit for Portsmouth. Security was now undertaken by the Dockyard Division of the Metropolitan Police. At the outbreak of war in 1914, ammunition and the bulk of the Navy's gunpowder were stored at Marchwood, but between 1916 and 1918, all the magazines were emptied so that cordite could be stored there instead. This period saw a huge increase in the number of staff, from 21 at the begining of the war to 103 in 1918.
During the 1920s, due to the reorganization of the Metropolitan Police there was yet another change in security arrangements when it was decided that they should discontinue their service at Marchwood. Because the reorganization was so extensive, it was introduced piecemeal, begining with the country's arms depots then moving onto the dockyards. Since the Royal Marines had often undertaken a security role at depots and dockyards in the past, they were a natural choice to replace the Metropolitan Police. In 1923, the Royal Marine Police returned to Marchwood, staying there until they were absorbed into the Admiralty Civil Police Force in 1949
During the Second World War, Marchwood again acted as a reserve unit but this time for Priddy's Hard at
57
Gosport and was the main depot for explosives for the reserve fleet. On the night of 19th June 1940, however, the depot suffered an air attack and 200 incendiary bombs caused the destruction of four of Matchwood’s magazines and a full storehouse. About 229,000 rounds of Oerlikon ammunition together with 127,000 lbs. of cordite were detonated and the huge explosions seriously damaged cottages a hundred yards away. Nine thousand empty crates in the storehouse were also lost.
A second attack in December of that year destroyed yet another magazine but by January 1942 all of the buildings destroyed in the air raids had been rebuilt.
During the post war period Marchwood continued to provide storage space for the overflow of ammunition from Priddy's Hard. It also housed shells and small arms for coastal minesweepers and anti-aircraft fire.
In the late 1950s the Navy began to cut down on the size of the Fleet, weaponry had become refined and the location of Marchwood was now considered to be geographically unsuitable.
Marchwood Yacht Club
Aerial view of the jetty showing the buildings that are now the club room and committee room. As you can see the boat compound was full of trees which surrounded Ordnance House. The name can still be seen on the pillars between the club and committee room.
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Piling for the new power station in 1953. Club room in the background
Committee Room
Power Station being built with MYC Jetty in background at low tide. The jetty was demolished when the container dock was built. The jetty had bronze rails running the full length which were used to move the high explosives. The old jetty ran out at 90° to Magazine 'A' and the Receiving Room. The Receiving Room is still on the foreshore. Dinghies were stored and launched from the jetty steps. The old flag pole was removed because of rot and the base support structure can now be seen at Hythe Marina. Boats were lifted over the wall from the creek and stored on the grass strip in front of the clubroom. Two cranes used to drive down the narrow public road access and every boat was lifted out in one weekend.
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Zara
Seaview Mermaid conversion owned by Adrian & Mike Turner in 1973
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The single storey building used to be the first clubroom. You now drive through this when approaching the club.
Marchwood Power Ltd is a joint venture between Ireland’s ESB International (ESBI) and Scottish & Southern Energy.
Scottish and Southern Energy (www.scottish-southern.co.uk) is one of the largest energy companies in the UK. It has agreed to supply gas to the plant and take its electricity output for an initial 15 years. Scottish and Southern Energy is a publicly quoted company with 8.45 million customers and over 10,000 MWs of installed generating capacity. Scottish and Southern Energy owns and operates 127,000 km of overhead electricity lines and underground cables in central southern England and the north of Scotland, delivering electricity to 3.5m homes, offices and business. It is also the owner of Airtricity, one of Europe”s largest renewable energy businesses.
ESBI (www.esbi.ie) is a wholly owned subsidiary of ESB, the national electricity company of Ireland. It started developing Marchwood Power in 2004. ESBI has had a presence in the British energy market since 1990 as joint owner of the Corby Power station for which it is also responsible for the plant operations and maintenance. This builds on the company’s portfolio of investment projects which most recently includes power plants in Spain and in Northern Ireland both of which successfully entered commercial operation in 2005.
In the 1970s, a Department of Energy research programme identified possible sites of deep geothermal aquifers that contained water at a temperature high enough to provide heating for a number of buildings.
One such site was at the Marchwood power station on Southampton Water. A second well in the centre of Southampton itself found water at a depth of nearly 1,800 metres and at a temperature of 76°C. However, the size of the resource was deemed too small to develop the planned large-scale district heating scheme. The project was abandoned by the Department of Energy. At this point, the City Council went into partnership with Utilicom, a French-owned energy management company with experience in this area. They developed the scheme, which is now a thriving and expanding £4 million multi-source heating and chilling system.
The original well, which currently provides about a fifth of the system’s heat input, operates alongside CHP generators. These use conventional fuels to make electricity. The waste heat from this process is recovered for distribution through the 11-kilometre mains network. Southampton’s scheme also has conventional boilers for top-up and standby needs. More than 20 major consumers in the city centre are now served by the district heating scheme, including the Civic Centre, four hotels, the Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton Institute of Higher Education and an ASDA superstore. Recent developments include a district chilling system using the latest absorption chilling technology.
The geothermal well remains at the heart of the scheme. However, the current rate of flow is expected to decline eventually. The scheme delivers more than 30,000 megawatt hours of heat each year, alongside 4,000 megawatt hours of electricity sold from the generating plant plus 1,200 megawatt hours of power providing chilled water on tap.[/quote]
Would you believe that the first solar power station designed to feed power into the UK grid was installed back in 1982? The 30kW project was conceived by Ownergy's Philip Wolfe together with Donald Swift-Hook of the CEGB and installed on the old coal yard of the Marchwood Power Station
The Pompey-sisters continued in their trade until 1960, when the oil-fired Marchwood Power Station opened. The need for coal was reduced. Subsequently, "Pompey Power" was sold, while "Pompey Light" continued until 1968, when she was scrapped in Antwerp.
Eight hectares of land were reclaimed in the 1920’s for the proposed Marchwood Power Station
2.05
Marchwood Incinerator
THE old incinerator tower which has dominated the skyline over Southampton Water for more than 30 years is about to disappear. Hampshire County Council has revealed that the huge building in Bury Road, Marchwood, is about to be torn down at a cost of £250,000. A county council spokesman confirmed that demolition work would start this week.
Marchwood county councillor David Harrison said: “Local people will be delighted that an ugly carbuncle is going to be removed. “The old incinerator is a prominent eyesore at one of the gateways to the New Forest area.”
Alan Shotter, chairman of Marchwood Parish Council, added: “At long last, after many promises made over the past three or four years, demolition is beginning. The incinerator should be down by the end of June, which will be a great day for Marchwood. It’s a blot on the landscape and I’m delighted it will soon be gone. It’s very much a case of goodbye and good riddance.”
The incinerator closed several years ago after failing to meet new environmental standards and has since been replaced by a new rubbish burner nearby.
Mel Kendal, the county council’s executive member for environment, said: “I’m delighted to confirm that the former incinerator will be demolished soon and I know that Marchwood residents will share my pleasure.”
The massive rectangular building at the northern end of the village is next door to a household waste recycling centre.
Cllr Kendal said its demolition would allow the county council to provide a more modern and efficient recycling centre that would enable Hampshire residents to dispose of bulky items and garden waste more easily.
Noel Pemberton-Billing set up a company, Pemberton-Billing Ltd, in 1913 to produce sea-going aircraft. In 1914, the P.B. 9 was to set a design and build record. Designed by Noel Pemberton-Billing and built by Hubert Scott-Paine:
On Friday, July 31st, 1914 Billing, who had just purchased a new Rolls-Royce was away in London securing the views of Admiral Sueter, Director of Air Services in the Air Department of the Admiralty, on the likely requirements for aircraft in the event of war with Germany. The following day he arrived back at Steep Hill and discussed war plans for the factory with Scott-Paine. The two men decided that the emergency meant that they should take on work that was most likely to assist the national effort. They concluded that there would be a demand for light, land-based scout aircraft rather than for flying boats, and Scotty immediately set to work putting their ideas on paper. The project was dubbed PB 9 and Scotty worked all that night at Steep Hill, drawing out the machine. He was convinced that the aircraft would be 'of great note and moment in the world'. War was declared on Germany the next day and Southampton was suddenly full of soldiers of the British Expeditionary Force departing from the Docks for France. Scotty finished two elevations that day and passed them to the works draughtsman, Carol Vasilesco, to 'correct and make good'. The outbreak of war naturally caused the cancellation of the order for the PB. 7 and the machine were never completed.
The story of the creation of PB 9, has since become one of the popular tales from the pioneering days of British Aviation. The machine was completed in a mere six days and ten hours, and acquired the sobriquet the 'Seven Day Bus'. Work started on August 4th. The drawings were completed, thirty new carpenters were started, the moulds were set out and the lines were chalked out on the mould loft floor. In a fanciful and romantic account of the creation of the 'Seven Day Bus', Billing was later to claim that the lines were chalked out on the factory walls and that he personally spent the week, day and night, without sleep, supervising the construction. In fact, he spent most of the week in London and it was Scott-Paine who worked day and night driving his craftsmen and teaching new hands their work. Sixty-eight men were employed on the project, and a boy was employed to play music on a gramophone as the work proceeded throughout each night. Scotty had to undertake the installation of the Gnome rotary engine personally as all of his mechanics had been called away to French and British air stations.
Scotty was working twenty hours a day, and by the end of the third day, the fuselage was up and wired, the engine plates were mounted in the fuselage, the tail fin and rudder were completed and the oil and petrol tanks were installed. On the Saturday, August 8th, the wings were erected, covered and wired ready for truing, all fittings of the chassis were finished and the main controls were completed. The project was speeded by Scotty's decision to use the wings assembly from the firm's Radley aircraft, which was so arranged that the assembled wing cellule could simply be slipped over the fuselage and bolted in position. Work continued throughout Saturday night and again Scotty had no sleep, and by Sunday the wings were ready for mounting on to the fuselage.
Billing returned from London at 12.30 PM on the Sunday. An exhausted Scott-Paine was not pleased to see his governor whom, he knew, would claim all the credit for his remarkable achievement. Scotty went off home to his digs and slept. He was back at the works at 4.30 AM on the Monday morning and by midday PB 9 was finished. 'It was', Scotty wrote, ' a world's record never before has there been a machine designed and built in a week before'.
Arrangements were made to carry out the test flight of PB 9 at Netley Common, near Southampton. At 4.00 AM the next morning, Tuesday 11
th August, Pemberton Billing towed the wing cellule to Netley behind his
Sheffield Simplex car. Scott-Paine followed in the work's lorry, towing the fuselage and all the gear needed for the test flight. The aircraft was quickly assembled and the wing cellule slipped into position before being fixed by U-bolts round the bottom longerons. Tommy Sopwith had lent his chief mechanic Victor Mahl and his test pilot Howard Pixton to assist Scott-Paine with the trials and Mahl was given the task of taking the machine into the air.
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Carol Vasilesco, Victor Mahl and Hubert Scott-Paine with PB 9 at Netley,
near Southampton, August 14th
1914.
A mishap occurred when Mahl, carrying out a taxiing test, crashed a wing tip into a fence. Scotty sent for men from the factory to repair the damage and soon the machine was ready to fly. After a short take-off run of thirty-six yards, Mahl took PB 9 into a steeply banked climbing left-hand turn. A reporter from Flight was present and estimated the rate of climb to be in the region of five hundred feet per minute and the speed to be about 75 mph: Mahl reported that the machine was exceptionally good to fly. The aviation press was mixed in its praise of Scott-Paine's achievement. Flight described the event as 'another fine achievement for Mr Pemberton Billing', while The Aeroplane offered the more caustic comment that 'Mr Pemberton-Billing has produced an aeroplane that flies...'.
Scotty spent the rest of the day trying, without much success, to erect a canvas hangar for PB 9 in the field before joining his triumphant team in a visit to a local cinema and a riotous party of celebration. At the cinema, the revellers took over the front two rows of seats and Ross commandeered the piano, playing music quite inappropriate to the film then being shown. The party was evicted by the manager and Scotty went off to bed to sleep for twenty-four hours. Fast Boats and Flying Boats. Adriane Rance. 1989
Upon election as an MP in 1916 Pemberton-Billing sold the company to his factory manager and long-time associate Hubert Scott-Paine who renamed the company Supermarine Aviation Works Ltd. The company became famous for its successes in the Schneider Trophy for seaplanes, especially the three wins in a row of 1927, 1929 and 1931.
In 1928 Vickers-Armstrongs took over Supermarine as Supermarine Aviation Works (Vickers) Ltd and in 1938 all Vickers-Armstrongs aviation interests were reorganised to become Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) Ltd, although Supermarine continued to design, build and trade under its own name. The phrase Vickers Supermarine was applied to the aircraft.
2.06
5. THE BRITISH POWER BOAT COMPANY
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It all began at Shoreham, Sussex in 1890 with the birth of Hubert Scott-Paine. At an early age he became interested in aviation and spent many hours at the local aerodrome where he chatted to aviators and learnt about their machines. He became friendly with Noel Pemberton Billing another local resident with an interest in aviation and in 1913 they opened the Supermarine factory at Woolston, Southampton. Many successes followed including triumph in the 1922 Schneider Trophy Race with the Supermarine Sea Lion II. He sold his interests in Supermarine in 1923 and by any terms was then very wealthy.
In 1927 Hubert Scott-Paine bought the Hythe Shipyard and the British Power Boat Company was born. A keen sportsman, the first craft built were racing boats and fast cabin cruisers. His MISS ENGLAND racing boat won the World Championship from MISS AMERICA, at Daytona Beach in 1929.
His experience of hard chine planing hulls as used in racing made him realise that there was a military potential for this type of craft. The Admiralty were not interested at this time but the RAF borrowed one of his cruisers to see if it would be suitable as a seaplane tender. From this came an order for a prototype Seaplane Tender numbered RAF 200, a 37/2 ft craft and was delivered in March 1931. The trials were conducted by Aircraftsman T.E. Shaw (the famous Lawrence of Arabia) in the Cattewater at Plymouth. Shaw and Scott-Paine then entered into a collaboration which was to be of great service to British Power Boats. After successful trials and Shaw promoting the new craft, the RAF followed up with further orders for the 37Y2 ft ST (like ST 206) and even the Royal Navy eventually placed orders for similar craft for torpedo recovery and flag barges. The craft was also successful as a fast cabin cruiser, under the type name Sea Monarch.
Throughout the 1930's success continued with cruisers, racing boats and new classes of military boats. These included for the RAF, the 100 class HSLs (see HSL 102) and both the 40ft and 37V2ft Armoured Target Boats as well as the 16ft and 18ft planing dinghies, and for the Royal Navy several types of Fast Motor Boats and Flag Barges (see TARGET) and their version of the 16ft dinghy, known as the 16ft FMD. The private and commercial business was in full flow, with numerous types on offer, which included cruisers such as the Sea Lord and Sea Emperor, tenders for Imperial Airways, a 3714ft craft Island Enterprise for Red Funnel, a 45ft Armoured Customs Launch for China and even a 3714ft seaplane tender for the German flying boat base. Pleasure craft included the 35ft Sea Flash and the 20ft Sea Arrow (see Sea Arrow).
In 1935 the company received the first orders for MTBs for the Royal Navy. The 64ft type were thus numbered MTB I through to MTB 18, with later units being re-designated as MASB 1-6. On the 6th November 1938 the PV7O was launched and saw the start of a successful 70ft type MTBs and similar hulled MASB craft. With war clouds rising, production of military craft for all three services was stepped up and contracts to build types under licence were negotiated with ELCO in the USA, Canadian Vickers in Canada and the Cockatoo Boat Company in Australia. During WWII some 954 craft were built by the Hythe and Poole factories and 476 craft in the USA and Canada.
The WWII craft included the 7114ft MGB/MTB types (See MGB 81), and more of the same pre-war types for the Royal Navy, 24ft Marine Tenders and 4114ft Seaplane Tenders for the RAF (see 1502 & 1510) as well as the infamous 63ft HSLs (see HSL 142) and later the 68ft "Hants & Dorset" HSLs, the very similar 68ft Battlefield class High Speed Target Towing Launches (HSTTL), the 50ft Dickens class General Service Launches (GSL) and the 4414ft River class Fast Launches (See Avon & Humber) for the Army. The production of 1214ft Queen Gull targets continued at the Marchwood Facility (See Queen Gull). The RN had some of these craft as well, but also some larger target craft such as the Queen Pelican and the Queen Duck. Added to all this building activity, the company also carried out repairs to war damaged craft and also continued to develop prototypes for the war effort;- these included the 111ft LRRC which was built but never used and a design for an airborne lifeboat. There is also evidence of craft types in drawing form only, used for tender purposes, however it appears the orders and the craft were subsequently built by rival companies.
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Hubert Scott-Paine spent the war years in America and stayed on at the end of hostilities. He suffered a stroke in April 1946 and after a long illness died in April 1954. The production of boats at Hythe had much reduced after the War and the decision was taken to close down the yard late in 1946. The Army launch HUMBER was one of the last craft to be built by British Power Boats.
http://www.bmpt.org.uk/boatyards/BPB-Co/index.htm
The British Power Boat Company. In 1927 Hubert Scott-Paine bought the Hythe Shipyard and the British Power Boat Company was born.
2.06
Husbands Shipyard
Husbands Shipyard 2003
A SHIPYARD AT WAR - HUSBANDS YACHT YARD 1939 - 1945
Husbands Yacht builders moved from Teddington on the Thames to Marchwood in 1928 to establish their yacht building company in this area. In addition to this, they were also engaged in some ship repair and maintenance work, particularly with Oil Tankers calling at Fawley.
Because of their expertise at wooden boat construction their war orders were for this type of building. Their first order was for the Motor Minesweepers. These were built two at a time, end to end, in two large sheds. (One of the earliest covered building yards.) Each vessel used about 250 tons of oak which was required for the 6in. frames and lower planking. The upper planking utilised larch or similar timber. Husbands did much of the development work on these craft and their staff often advised other builders working on the programme. Modifications to the design or building technique initiated in the yard were frequently received from the Admiralty months later as an official alteration, much to the amusement of the builders.
Husbands were responsible for obtaining the materials required for the vessels under construction. This often involved many miles of traveling and difficult negotiations with firms attempting to maintain or hoard supplies for their own use "when the war was over ". Due to the shortage of seasoned wood many of the ships used" green" wood which reduced their working life. The search for suitable timber was complicated because, as in the days of" wooden walls" sections of wood with curved grain had to be found for the "knees" used to strengthen joints.
To cope with the increased work load Husbands had to take on extra craftsmen. They retained their own shipwrights but also employed joiners from many of the local house builders. This had an unexpected bonus for these firms as it prevented their men being called up into the armed forces, and they had a full workforce at the end of the war ready for the post war building boom, Extra workers were also brought down from Glasgow, but they found the bombing raids too much of a hazard and returned to their own area.
Husbands suffered an early set back to their war work when on the night 29/30th. Dec. 1940 the yard was bombed and both building sheds set on fire, two of the minesweepers in them were too badly damaged to be repaired. It was also realised that when the slips were greased prior to launching a ship it made them very conspicuous from the air and encouraged even more bombing. For this reason as soon as a minesweeper was launched it was towed around to Bailey's Hard on the Beaulieu River for fitting out. In addition to hulls completed by their own work force, Husbands also built them for completion by other local firms such as the Southern Railways depot in the Decks which pre-war had maintained the Channel Island vessels.
Motor Minesweepers fitting out at Husbands 1941
Although the Motor Minesweepers lacked the power to tow sweeps for contact mines they were suitable for handling equipment for combating magnetic mines and later were fitted with an acoustic hammer on an "A" frame over the bows for countering the acoustic mine. The suitability of wood for their construction was illustrated when one of the vessels built at the yard was damaged by a mine which witnesses claimed lifted it clear of the water, but due to the wood's natural flexibility, the damage was repairable. The crew were not quite so fortunate, they all had broken ankles.
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The Motor Minesweepers had limited use post war so they were quickly scrapped, but Husbands did convert two for the Salvesen Whaling Fleet for the duty of towing dead whales to the factory ship.
The MFV's (Motor Fishing Vessels ) were smaller vessels based on the Seine net fishing boats. Also of wooden construction, they were widely used as tenders, small store carriers and a variety of other uses. Their smaller size meant that 5 or 6 of them could be built diagonally in each shed at the same time. They were launched sideways.
When the MFV's were completed "ferry crews" were used to take them to their destination. The officer in charge of one such crew, who made several trips from Marchwood, was C.H.Lightoller who as a 2nd Officer had survived the sinking of the Titanic. These small vessels were much more useful after the war, a number remained in Naval or Army (RCT) service and many were converted as fishing boats. A few still survive to the present day.
In addition to building wooden warships, Husbands were also fully involved with the repair and maintenance of a wide variety of ships. They repaired a large number of damaged Landing Craft but because these were steel hulled they had to bring in boilermakers from other shipyards. This didn't always work out too well as the strong union background of these workers created problems when repairs needed to be done quickly.
After D-Day, Husbands were fully engaged with the maintenance of the U.S.Army vessels tasked with laying the "Pluto" oil pipeline across the Channel. The American armed services had expanded so rapidly that many of the men involved in this job had little or no marine experience, so the yard had to carry out some basic training with them.
Post war, construction of boats decreased, but the firm expanded its ship repair interests and the name became Husbands Ltd. Even today however, they have a reputation for repairing wooden vessels and sailing ships of this type can often be seen at their yard.
We are indebted to Mr Richard Husband for his help in producing this article and hope it has given some insight into the wartime activities of one of our area's shipyards. So many such companies have disappeared over the years that it is a reflection of the strength of this family firm that it has continued in service until the present day.
HUSBANDS YACHT YARD 1980's
A letter was sent by the Ministry of Defence in July 1982 to Mr B W Husband’s referring to the Falklands crisis.
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MFV 819 seen in May 2004 at Kemps Quay, Southampton. Now named "Sreenuous" ex "Cragoustan". Ordered from Fairmile and built by Thompson E Balfour, Boness,
West Lothian in 1945. (Courtesy Phil Simons. Photo courtesy R Hellyer)
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Husbands Shipyard 1950's. Mauretania and New Australia ? in background
Husbands Shipyard (above). Post War - late 1940s. Off jetty - Coaster, ex armed trawler (no funnel
but gun tubs on bridge wings) 2 MFVs, 3 Launches. On slip way 2 coasters and various other craft.
2 small craft on slipways in sheds
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http://www.bmpt.org.uk/boatyards/index.htm
2.07
Marchwood Railway Station
Station Name: MARCHWOOD
[Source: Nick Catford]
Date opened: 20.7.1925
Location: On the south side of Hythe Road
Company on opening: Southern Railway
Date closed to passengers: 14.2.1966
Date closed completely: 14.2.1966
Company on closing: British Railways (Southern Region)
Present state: There have been few changes in the station since closure. The station building is now a private residence.
Notes: The first plans for a railway in the area dated from 1860 but it was to take more than 60 years before Fawley finally saw a train service. In the 19th century there were elaborate plans for a railway line to Stone Point (to the south of Fawley) to connect with a Solent tunnel to link the mainland with the Isle of Wight. In the early years of the 20th century it seemed that a railway-operated bus service might negate the need for a railway at all.
At the beginning of the war the Fawley district was still essentially rural in character and apart from farming and fishing there were few industries. The construction of the oil refinery in 1920/21 by Anglo Gulf West Indies Petroleum Corporation Limited was to change the Fawley area forever. Opening of the railway finally came in 1925, a Light Railway Order having been sought as long ago as 1903, a single track branch from Totton to Fawley was constructed and opened on 20 July 1925. There were intermediate stations at Marchwood and Hythe, but the line was mostly noted for its numerous ungated crossings. Even thought Fawley and Hythe were close to the seaplane bases on Southampton Water, passenger traffic was never heavy.
Branch train's commenced from either Southampton Terminus or Central stations, being little changed from inception until the 1950s. The railway's salvation was the dramatic buildup of oil traffic from the refinery at Fawley.
As only tank locomotives were permitted because of lack of turning facilities and the ungated level crossings, loaded wagons soon proved to be beyond the resources of one, or even two, small engines. Robert Urie's hefty Pacific tanks, the 'H16' class built in 1921, were tried out early in 1960 and soon became a familiar sight on the oil trains - even they needed assistance up from Fawley. A loop was put in at Marchwood to allow trains to pass on the 9-mile branch. With the withdrawal of the `H 16' tanks during 1962, they were replaced by the freight-only Class W 2-6-4T locomotives dispatched from London; again, double-heading proved necessary with loaded trains. In 1964, diesel locomotives took over and were allowed to travel through to Fawley.
Steam was displaced on the passenger services by Hampshire DEMU's in 1960, but this proved only a temporary arrangement as closure took place from 14 February 1966.
The lone still remains open serving the oil refinery at Fawley and all crossings now have gates, half-barriers or flashing lights. At Marchwood the Army maintains a small standard-gauge system at the Marchwood Military Port, with access to Fawley branch at the southern extremity of the station. During the 1950's reservists were carried by through trains from Waterloo to Marchwood Military Siding.
Further reading: The Totton, Hythe & Fawley Light Railway by J. A. Fairman: Oakwood Press 2002 ISBN 0853615845
To see the other stations on the Totton, Hythe & Fawley Light Railway click on the station name: Hythe & Fawley
The Church of St. John the Apostle, Marchwood, was built 1839-1843 at the instigation of Mr. Horatio Francis Kingsford Holloway. It is a Commissioners' Church erected by Public Subscription with Mr. Holloway as the principal subscriber. The Church Building Society provided a small loan. Mr Holloway later provided the funds for the Village School.
H.F.K. Holloway was a man of some wealth who had inherited his maternal grandfather's fortune and adopted his surname. Mr. Holloway's family name was Martelli. The census of 1851 revealed that he was born in the parish of St. Clement Dane, London in 1808. Fosters Guide to Oxford shows that he was admitted to Brasenose College, Oxford in 1826. His brothers, Thomas and Charles, followed him to Oxford; Charles to Trinity in 1828 and Thomas to Brasenose in 1833.
In 1834 Mr. Holloway purchased Marchwood Park, a regency mansion built in 1820, now Marchwood Priory Hospital. In 1841 he married Mary Ann Breton who was a daughter of Peter Breton, Deputy Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire. Peter Breton and his wife are commemorated in the West Window of Marchwood Church.
Horatio Holloway afterwards became High Sheriff of Hampshire.
Thomas Chessher Martelli, Mr. Holloway's brother, obtained his degree and was ordained. He became Priest in Charge and thereafter the first Vicar of Marchwood.
Samuel Wilberforce, who was then Vicar of Alverstoke, Gosport, Archdeacon of Surrey and a Chaplain to the Queen, and later became Bishop of Oxford, attended the consecration of the building.
The Architect was J. M. Derick. The style of the church is Early English which is unusual for a building of its date. The style only became popular a few years later. The Chancel and the Sedelia mark the church as a possible product of the Oxford Movement.
John MacDuff Derick was the architect whom Dr. Pusey chose to design St. Saviour's Church, Cavalier Hill, Leeds. St. Saviour's was built in memory of Dr. Pusey's wife and daughter. Derick was born in Ireland and practised in Oxford, at first in partnership with Mr. Hickman. He later had offices in London. He flourished between 1838 and 1848 after which he moved to Dublin. Clark, in "Nineteenth Century English Church Builders" indicates that he resigned his profession but had to take it up again after some misfortunes. He moved to the U.S.A. and is said to have practised there. "The Builder" of 1861 announced his death and said that his wife was in England seeking financial assistance.
Falkland Memorial Stone
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Memorial Stone Detail
The RFA Falklands Memorial with is at The Church of St John The Apostle in Marchwood [Picture: Royal Navy]
10. Gospel Church
Gospel Church, Marchwood
History of the Gospel Church, Marchwood. By Roland Drake
It was in the early 1800’s that the Above Bar Congregational Church in Southampton established a number of daughter churches in the adjacent villages and towns, including Marchwood. Marchwood Chapel as it was then known served the local community for over one hundred years, until it closed down due to lack of numbers in 1939.
In 1941 a new group of Christians from various denominational backgrounds, (an Evangelical Alliance in miniature), established a new worshipping fellowship, first called a Gospel Mission and then The Gospel Church. The new church was very much children and youth orientated, and ministry to the younger generation has not only continued over the years, but has been very successful too. The establishing of the new church coincided with the arrival of hundreds of army personnel to work on the construction of the military port and railway, and the members of the church responded by providing a rest room for these soldiers who were living in atrocious conditions in tented accommodation nearby.
The church has always recognized Marchwood village as its ‘parish’ for evangelistic purposes, but it has also welcomed, and has been strengthened, by Christians from the area who have shared its mainstream evangelical ethos.
Although an Independent church, denomination wise, we have always practised interdependence in our relationships with other local churches, and have valued both the help received and the privilege of giving and sharing with others. To this end, it was felt right to officially affiliate ourselves to the Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches, the Evangelical Alliance both nationally and locally, and the association covering the local Waterside Churches.
Being served for many years by local ministers and lay preachers, the church has always enjoyed a first class teaching ministry, and this has continued in recent years under a settled pastorate and invited visiting preachers. This ministry has stirred the church on particularly in the area of service to our neighbours, and many of our members serve in various ways in local voluntary community organisations.
The original small church building inherited from the Congregational Union was partially destroyed by fire on January 16th 2002, and it was found possible to rebuild on site. Although restricted in site area, it was found possible to erect a two-story building making the most of the space available, and this is our main
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base today, although we do use local schools and the Village hall for some of our Church and social activities.
Although not captives to the past, we believe our history has given us the rich heritage we enjoy today and that is reflected in vibrant preaching, a diversity of worship styles and a wide social ministry that is very much appreciated by our local community.
Marchwood Gospel Church
Marchwood Gospel Church, Long Lane, Marchwood Southampton SO40 4WR
Last updated on Tuesday, November 16, 2004 23:38 BST
Marchwood Women’s Institute
Marchwood is situated to the west of Southampton on the Waterside. The first WI meeting was held on May 11th 1921, when 45 members were enrolled. The President was Lady Crofton and Miss R Longman, Secretary and Treasurer.
Our meetings take place on the second Tuesday of each Month (with the exception of August) @ 7.15pm and are held in Marchwood Village Hall which is situated in the Village Centre. Marchwood currently have 54 members.
Any enquiries please contact the following:
PRESIDENT Pauline 023 80844335 Or SECRETARY Peggy 023 80869140
A number of buildings in Marchwood are listed as being of special architectural or historic interest. Marchwood Parish Council has asked for the list of buildings to make sure that anything in our village that should be on this list is included. Here is the current list. Please do let us know if there is any building in Marchwood that you think should be included.
• Marchwood Green Farmhouse - Main Road • Staplewood Farmhouse • Former Police Barracks at Royal Navel Armaments Depot - Magazine Lane • Frobisher Court and attached wall - Magazine Lane • Entrance Lodge and gates, Former magazines and Enclosure Walls, Former Receiving rooms and former examining room and associated walls at various sites, former Royal Naval Armaments Depot • Marchwood Yacht Club (former entrance lodges) and attached wall and gates • Former A (No 1) Magazine , 100m N of Magazine Yacht Club Offices • Blast walls around Royal Armaments Depot. • Pear Tree Cottages - No’s 1 - 3 • The White Horse Public House - Main Road • Church of St. John’s The Apostle - Main Road • Marchwood Green Farmhouse (North West side) - Main Road • Marchwood House - Marchwood Park • Bury Farmhouse, Icehouse and Granary - Marchwood Road • Dun Clagh - Twiggs Lane
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14. British Listed Buildings Marchwood Parish
Listed Buildings in Marchwood, Hampshire, England Some building names may be abbreviated or partial; this is how they are recorded in the original register.
See buildings on parish map (Warning: this may be very slow to load if there are a large number of listed buildings in this parish)
Blast Wall Around Rebuilt Magazine at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 250m West of Entrance Lodg Grade II Quayside Walk, Marchwood, Hampshire
Bury Farm House Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire
Church of St John the Apostle Grade II Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire
Dun Clagh Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire
Former a (no. 1) Magazine and Enclosure Walls, 100m N of Marchwood Yacht Club Offices Grade II Portside Close, Marchwood, Hampshire
Former Examining Room and Associated Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North West of Grade II Marchwood
Former Magazine and Associated Blast Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 200m Wnw of Entran Grade II Boardwalk Way, Marchwood, Hampshire
Former Receiving Room at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North of Entrance Lodge (marchwood Grade II Portside Close, Marchwood, Hampshire
Frobisher Court and Attached Wall Grade II Fawley, Hampshire
Granary 5 Metres West of Bury Farmhouse Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire
Icehouse 25 Metres North of Bury Farmhouse Grade II Marchwood Road, Marchwood, Hampshire
LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England POSTCODE: SO40 4AH
MARCHWOOD 1860/5/38 MAGAZINE LANE
21-MAY-85 Blast wall around rebuilt magazine at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 250 west of Entrance Lodge
GVII. Blast wall. 1814. Red brick Portland stone coping. Surrounds rebuilt (unlisted) magazine. Gateways to N (blocked) and S. Each flanked by square piers, with round-headed recessed panels, surmounted by slightly projecting panels. D magazine, which this blast wall related to, was destroyed through enemy action in 1940. The walls were subject to some alteration in 1990s when Hawkins Court was built.
HISTORY: Marchwood was conceived in 1811 as a store depot like Tipner (Portsmouth). Potential canal communications from Southampton water were the Redbridge-Andover, Northampton-Winchester and Bursledon-Botley navigations. This was to be a 20,000 barrel magazine with two 10,000 barrel magazines the preferred disposition. In the event, and after deliberation resulting the adoption of submitted in 1811 by Sir William Congreve over those by General Fisher (commanding officer of the Portsmouth Royal Engineers' Department), 3 magazines each with a 6,800 capacity were built, with a small internal L-shaped channel for moving barrels by barge and a centrally-placed Shifting House. The shortcomings revealed through the Crimean War brought about the decision to increase storage capability, and additional magazines were built at Marchwood, Tipner and Upnor. In July 1853, the CRE Portsmouth had been asked to prepare a report on the expense of making Marchwood serviceable again. The magazines were ordered in September, to be made fit to receive powder from Dover. In November the floor of No. 3 Magazine was ordered to be made good before the establishment was re-established as a Powder Station and Officers appointed. This, effectively the second foundation of Marchwood, was marked by a vast increase in its storage, four new magazines, three of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels capacity being built in 1856-7. A Times article of 1864 noted that Marchwood was 'the largest magazine in the Kingdom', with a capacity of 76,000 barrels of powder. The establishment began to be wound down soon afterwards, there being 45 employees in 1898. B, E, F and G magazines were destroyed by the Luftwaffe in June 1940, and the Admiralty's use of the depot declined steeply after 1945: it was closed in 1961.
(Roger Bowdler, Former Board of Ordnance Gunpowder Magazines, Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire, Historical Analysis and Research Team, English Heritage, 1997)
16.
Bury Farm House Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire
DESCRIPTION: Bury Farm House
GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 10 June 1987
OS GRID REFERENCE: SU3909309947 OS GRID COORDINATES: 439093, 109947 LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 50.8877, -1.4456
LOCATION: Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4PA
LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest
COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England
POSTCODE: SO40 4PA
MARCHWOOD MARCHWOOD ROAD SU 31 SE 5/31 Bury Farm House GV II House. C16 timber-framed lobby entrance house, with cross wings, with C18 cladding and C20 renovation. Walls of brickwork, some of English bond, and some painted, with a high plinth to part, some cambered openings, part-exposure of frame in one wing. Tile roof half-hipped to part, with cat slide to one wing, gabled and hipped dormers. A rectangular block with cross wings and out-shouts, one storey with attic. South-west front of 1.2.1 windows. C20 casements and C20 porch. Listing NGR: SU3909309947
Church of St John the Apostle Grade II Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire
DESCRIPTION: Church of St John the Apostle
GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 10 June 1987
OS GRID REFERENCE: SU3839410170 OS GRID COORDINATES: 438394, 110170 LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 50.8897, -1.4555
LOCATION: Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UA
LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest
COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England
POSTCODE: SO40 4UA
In the entry for: MARCHWOOD MAIN ROAD SU 31 SE 5/2 Church of St John The Apostle GV II the serial number shall be amended to read: 5/39 ------------------------------------ MARCHWOOD MAIN ROAD SU 31 SE 5/2 Church of St John The Apostle GV II Parish church. 1847 by J Derick, repaired after 1945. Yellow brick with stone dressings, slate roof. Plan of chancel, nave with gabled transepts and south aisles with south-west tower. Disproportionately tall church in style between that of commissioners and Ecclesiological Early English. Externally, at east chancel of 2 bays with angle buttresses on corners and flat buttresses between bays, all with sloping at string level. Triple lancet with label and quatrefoil in gable to east. Kneelered gable wall with cross. Lancet with label in each bay. Machicolated eaves. To north-west bay low gabled vestry built out of north transept, with large diagonally set corner stack and rectangular lancet on each face. Nave has east kneelered gable wall with cross. Short north and longer south transepts have angle buttresses with sloping steps at level of sill string. Kneelered gable wall and triple lancet with label. South transept has each side paired lancet with label. Nave has to north 4 bays with flat buttress between them, having step at level of sill level string. In each bay paired lancet with label, except single lancet to narrower west bay. To south lean-to aisle of 2 bays with paired lancet in each and flatbuttress between. West end of nave has angle buttress to north corner. 2-order pointed west door with label. Large 2-light plate tracery west window with quatrefoil in head and label. Quatrefoil in gable and kneelered gable wall. South-west tower of 3 stages with broach spire. Large clasping corner buttresses which step with stages. 2 south buttresses have setback buttresses up to 2nd stage. North-west buttress has square-section pyramid roofed stair tower up to 2nd stage. Lowest stage has pointed 2-order south door and tall lancet to west. 2nd stage has rectangular lancet to east and west and lancet
in gablet to south. Blind pointed arcade around top of stage on all faces with unequal trefoiled arches to south. Top stage has plate tracery 2-light bell opening. Machicolated eaves. Stone spire with gablet on each face. Inside scale is grand, but detailing oversized and heavy. Fittings all C19 originals Font copy of Tournai marble font in Winchester Cathedral. Stained glass in east window. Pevsner; Buildings of England; Hampshire; 1966; p 329. Listing NGR: SU3839410170
Source: English Heritage
18. Dun Clagh
Dun Clagh Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire
Description: Dun Clagh
Grade: II Date Listed: 10 June 1987
OS Grid Reference: SU3848409340 OS Grid Coordinates: 438484, 109340 Latitude/Longitude: 50.8823, -1.4543
Location: Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UN
Locality: Marchwood Local Authority: New Forest
County: Hampshire Country: England
Postcode: SO40 4UN
MARCHWOOD TWIGGS LANE, SU 31 NE 8/5 Dun Clagh GV II House, built as the Rectory 1846, by Woodyer. Walls of rubble stonework with Bath stone dressings, brick service wing and outbuildings. C20 roof of interlocking pantiles (replacing tiles), tiles to wing. A Gothic house of T-shaped, modified by two storeyed porch, half-hexagonal (rear) staircase wing and single storeyed wings; two storeys and attic. The north entrance front has a gable projection at the west side, with a porch in the angle, of 2.1.1 windows. There is a variety of windows in Gothic style, small coupled lancets, taller cusped lancets in groups of 3 and 4, and coupled mullioned and transomed lights with simple tracery; all with casements. Other elevations have similar features with irregular but balanced treatment. West of the house there is a yard, containing a wing and outbuildings, with a high enclosing wall of brickwork. Inside, original features still remain, with stained glass in the traceried windows. Listing NGR: SU3848409340
Source: English Heritage
NB,. On the 17.03.2011. We visited Dun Clagh and met Mr B Nuttall, who very pleasantly, declined my request to photograph, the building. He said that he purchased the place about 15 years ago as it seemed a very pleasant a private house and gardens. Standing some 50 metres up a driveway, out of sight from the road. He is in the directory Tel. o2380862426 *****************************
LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England POSTCODE: SO40 4AL
MARCHWOOD 1860/5/34 MAGAZINE LANE
21-MAY-85 Former A (No. 1) magazine and enclosure walls,100m N of Marchwood Yacht Club offices. (Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE. Former magazine at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 100m north of Entrance Lodge).
GV II
The former A (No.1) Magazine at Marchwood was built between 1814 and 1816 using plans drawn up by Lieutenant-General Sir William Congreve, Bt., Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery and Controller of the Royal Laboratory at Woolwich. It is a brick construction which originally had a roof of pantile and slate.
DESCRIPTION: In plan the magazine is a simple rectangular building within a rectangle formed by its outer enclosure wall. Both the magazine and enclosure have red brick walls. The enclosure has a gate to its south. The corresponding entrance on the north side is incorporated into the Receiving Room building. The existing gateway is flanked by square piers, each having a round-headed recessed panel surmounted by a slightly-projecting square panel.
Originally the magazine had a triple-pitched roof with prominent lightning conductors. It has three windows at each end with a small stone ledge under each window. There are, in addition, small ventilation openings in the magazine wall set within Portland stone surrounds, which originally had wooden doors. These ventilation openings complimented the voids built into the brickwork to facilitate the circulation of air to prevent damp.
The interior fittings of the magazines are no longer present, but would have had rows of racking for the storage of the powder barrels and copper fittings.
HISTORY: The threat of French invasion in 1779, and the advent of the Napoleonic Wars caused a dramatic reform in the way that gunpowder was stored and issued in Britain. Until the later years of the C18 storage facilities for gunpowder required a bombproof structure. Most powder was stored in old fortifications or more recently constructed similar massive vaulted buildings. At this time the two sites of gunpowder production in the country were at Waltham Abbey and Faversham, both of which were established in the C17, and acquired by the Crown in the C18. Under the new system, the powder produced here was stored at eight depots around the country, from where it was issued as needed. These depots were at Purfleet, Tilbury, Gravesend,
Upnor Castle, Priddy's Hard, Tipner Point (both within Portsmouth Harbour), Keyham Point (Devonport), and Picket Field in Berkshire. In addition to these, a magazine in Hyde Park supplied London, and other powder was stored in floating magazines in the River Medway, at Portsmouth and at Plymouth. In 1811 it was decided to increase the number of depots, and to replace the floating magazines with more permanent storage facilities. With this in mind, four new magazines were built; at Dorchester, Carmarthen, North Hyde and Marchwood. Of these four magazines, Marchwood was the largest, and remained in service for the longest time. At this time gunpowder was stored in barrels, each containing 90 lbs of powder. The Marchwood site was intended to store 20,000 barrels. In its initial design the Marchwood Depot was to contain the 20,000 barrels in one enormous magazine. By 1807 the Board of Ordnance had realised the importance of the provision of separate buildings for examining powder and other functions at magazines. After much deliberation about the design of the depot, it was decided to construct three magazines, placed as far apart as possible, each having the capacity for 6,800 barrels. Built into the design was Congreve's revolutionary idea of using `soft top' roofs (which, because of the low resistance in the roof, allowed any accidental blast to go upwards rather than outwards), hollow wall construction to reduce the risk of damp penetration (patented by John Groves in 1809), and a canal to move the barrels by barge from magazine to magazine. Although canal communication was used in the major Ordnance factories, the small canal just to the south of the magazines used for moving barrels by barge is thought to be unique. The powder from Marchwood was used to supply the smaller Portsmouth magazines at Priddy's Hard and Tipner Point and also to supply the fleet off Spithead.
At Marchwood the three magazines, together with the ancillary buildings and the perimeter wall, were built between 1814 and 1816. Magazine A (No.1) is the only one of the three original magazines to survive. The other early magazines, D (No.2) and G (No.3) were destroyed in 1940. Four more magazines were added in 1856-7 due to the shortcomings revealed by the Crimean War. This effective second foundation of Marchwood took its storage capacity to three magazines of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels. By 1864 it was the largest magazine in the country, according to the Times, with a capacity of 76,000 barrels. The canal was by now superseded by a roller way. The Board of Ordnance was abolished in 1856, and the War Office took over its responsibilities. In 1890 control of Marchwood was handed over to the Navy. The establishment began to be wound down soon afterwards, and a number of Marchwood's magazines were destroyed by bombing in 1940. The Depot was closed in 1961.
SUMMARY OF IMPORTANCE: Despite the loss of some of its elements, Magazine A at Marchwood retains those important features which identify it as a significant landmark in magazine construction. It dates from a period which marks a new approach to the concept of gunpowder storage, and of which there are no similar listed examples. It also has strong group value with the other surviving buildings at the Marchwood Depot.
SOURCES: Former Board of Ordnance Gunpowder Magazines Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire - by Roger Bowdler, Historical Analysis and Research Team English Heritage - November 1997.
Thematic Survey of the Ordnance Yards and Magazine Depots Summary Report - Thematic Listing Programme - Final Draft January 2003.
Source: English Heritage
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20.
Former Examining Room and Associated Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North West of Entrance Lodge.
Grade II
Marchwood
DESCRIPTION: Former Examining Room and Associated Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North West of Entrance Lodge.
GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 21 May 1985
We don't have any geographic location information for this building. Help fix that!
LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England
MARCHWOOD 1860/5/36 MAGAZINE LANE 21-MAY-85 Former examining room and associated walls at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m north west of Entrance Lodge (Marchwood Yacht Club offices) (Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE Former examining room at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m north west of Entrance Lodge) GV II Examining rooms, now derelict. Built 1814, for un-heading barrels and examining contents. Red brick walls, roofs of grey slate laid to diminishing courses; camber gauged brick arches to openings. Two large rooms, each with separate roof hipped to front and rear entered via gabled porches with six panelled doors, flanked by 2 x 6 pane sash windows. Surrounded by brick blast walls, with gates to front (north) and blocked) to rear (south), flanked by square piers each with a round-headed recessed panel surmounted by a slightly projecting square panel. HISTORY: Marchwood was conceived in 1811 as a store depot like Tipner (Portsmouth). Potential canal communications from Southampton water were the Redbridge-Andover, Northampton-Winchester and Bursledon-Botley navigations. This was to be a 20,000 barrel magazine with two 10,000 barrel magazines the preferred disposition. In the event, and after deliberation resulting the adoption of submitted in 1811 by Sir William Congreve over those by General Fisher (commanding officer of the Portsmouth Royal Engineers' Department), 3 magazines each with a 6,800 capacity were built, with a small internal L-shaped channel for moving barrels by barge and a centrally-placed Shifting House. The shortcomings revealed through the Crimean War brought about the decision to increase storage capability, and additional magazines were built at Marchwood, Tipner and Upnor. In July 1853, the CRE Portsmouth had been asked to prepare a report on the expense of making Marchwood serviceable again. The magazines were ordered in September to be made fit to receive powder from Dover, and in November the floor of No. 3 Magazine was ordered to be made good before the establishment was re-established as a Powder Station and Officers appointed. This, effectively the second foundation of Marchwood, was marked by a vast increase in its storage, four new magazines, three of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels capacity being built in 1856-7. A Times article of 1864 noted that Marchwood was 'the largest magazine in the Kingdom', with a
capacity of 76,000 barrels of powder. The establishment began to be wound down soon afterwards, there being 45 employees in 1898. B, E, F and G magazines were destroyed by the Luftwaffe in June 1940, and the Admiralty's use of the depot declined steeply after 1945: it was closed in 1961. (Roger Bowdler, Former Board of Ordnance Gunpowder Magazines, Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire, Historical Analysis and Research Team, English Heritage, 1997)
Source: English Heritage
21.
Former Magazine and Associated Blast Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 200m Wnw of Entrance Grade II Boardwalk Way, Marchwood, Hampshire
DESCRIPTION: Former Magazine and Associated Blast Walls at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 200m Wnw of Entrance Lodge (Marchwood Yacht Club offices)
GRADE: II DATE LISTED: 21 May 1985
OS GRID REFERENCE: SU3906311472 OS GRID COORDINATES: 439063, 111472 LATITUDE/LONGITUDE: 50.9014, -1.4459
MARCHWOOD 1860/5/37 MAGAZINE LANE 21-MAY-85 Former magazine and associated blast walls at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 200m WNW of Entrance Lodge (Marchwood Yacht Club offices) (Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE Former magazine at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, 200m WNW of Entrance Lodge) GV II Magazine, now derelict. 1856-7. Red brick walls, roofs of grey slate laid to diminishing courses; cambered gauged brick arches to openings. Rectangular plan, divided into 4 bays by timber posts supporting valleys of pitched roofs, hipped at ends, over each bay. Doors in long sides, four sash windows with Portland stone sills to end walls. Interior: softwood trusses; partial survival of barrel racks, a very rare example. Surrounded by mid-late C19 brick blast walls.
HISTORY: Marchwood was conceived in 1811 as a store depot like Tipner (Porstmouth). Potential canal communications from Southampton water were the Redbridge-Andover, Northampton-Winchester and Bursledon-Botley navigations. This was to be a 20,000 barrel magazine with two 10,000 barrel magazines the preferred disposition. In the event, and after deliberation resulting the adoption of submitted in 1811 by Sir William Congreve over those by General Fisher (commanding officer of the Portsmouth Royal Engineers' Department), 3
magazines each with a 6,800 capacity were built, with a small internal L-shaped channel for moving barrels by barge and a centrally-placed Shifting House. The shortcomings revealed through the Crimean War brought about the decision to increase storage capability, and additional magazines were built at Marchwood, Tipner and Upnor. In July 1853, the CRE Portsmouth had been asked to prepare a report on the expense of making Marchwood serviceable again. The magazines were ordered in September to be made fit to receive powder from Dover, In November the floor of No. 3 Magazine was ordered to be made good before the establishment was re-established as a Powder Station and Officers appointed. This, effectively the second foundation of Marchwood, was marked by a vast increase in its storage, four new magazines, three of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels capacity being built in 1856-7. A Times article of 1864 noted that Marchwood was 'the largest magazine in the Kingdom', with a capacity of 76,000 barrels of powder. The establishment began to be wound down soon afterwards, there being 45 employees in 1898. B, E, F and G magazines were destroyed by the Luftwaffe in June 1940, and the Admiralty's use of the depot declined steeply after 1945: it was closed in 1961. (Roger Bowdler, Former Board of Ordnance Gunpowder Magazines, Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire, Historical Analysis and Research Team, English Heritage, 1997)
Source: English Heritage
22.
Former Receiving Room at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North of Entrance Lodge (marchwood yacht club offices) Grade II Portside Close, Marchwood, Hampshire
Description: Former Receiving Room at Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m North of Entrance Lodge (Marchwood yacht club offices)
Grade: II Date Listed: 21 May 1985
OS Grid Reference: SU3925011520 OS Grid Coordinates: 439250, 111520 Latitude/Longitude: 50.9018, -1.4432
MARCHWOOD 1860/5/35 MAGAZINE LANE 21-MAY-85 Former receiving room at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m north of Entrance Lodge (Marchwood Yacht Club offices).
(Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE Former receiving room at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot 130m north of Entrance Lodge, Marchwood Yacht Club Offices)
GV II
The former Receiving Room is an integral part of A (No.1) Magazine at Marchwood, which was built between 1814 and 1816, using plans drawn up by Lieutenant-General Sir William Congreve, Bt., Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artillery and Controller of the Royal Laboratory at Woolwich. It is a brick construction which originally had a roof of slate.
DESCRIPTION: In plan the Receiving Room is a simple oblong red brick building forming the north side of the rectangular enclosure around Magazine `A' (No.1). There is an opening in the centre of the Receiving Room with cambered arches, which corresponds to the gateway on the south side of the Magazine enclosure wall. This central entrance opened to the former pier to the north and the magazine to the south. Originally it had a pitched roof of slate, but is now battened felt, hipped to the ends. The south elevation has eight windows, each with a small stone ledge beneath, four to either side of the central entrance. The interior fittings of the magazines are no longer present.
HISTORY: The threat of French invasion in 1779, and the advent of the Napoleonic Wars caused a dramatic reform in the way that gunpowder was stored and issued in Britain. Until the later years of the C18 storage facilities for gunpowder required a bombproof structure. Most powder was stored in old fortifications or more recently constructed similar massive vaulted buildings. At this time the two sites of gunpowder production in the country were at Waltham Abbey and Faversham, both of which were established in the C17, and acquired by the Crown in the C18. Under the new system, the powder produced here was stored at eight depots around the country, from where it was issued as needed. These depots were at Purfleet, Tilbury, Gravesend, Upnor Castle, Priddy's Hard, Tipner Point (both within Portsmouth Harbour), Keyham Point (Devonport), and Picket Field in Berkshire. In addition to these, a magazine in Hyde Park supplied London, and other powder was stored in floating magazines in the River Medway, at Portsmouth and at Plymouth. In 1811 it was decided to increase the number of depots, and to replace the floating magazines with more permanent storage facilities. With this in mind, four new magazines were built; at Dorchester, Carmarthen, North Hyde and Marchwood. Of these four magazines, Marchwood was the largest, and remained in service for the longest time.
At this time gunpowder was stored in barrels, each containing 90 lbs of powder. The Marchwood site was intended to store 20,000 barrels. In its initial design the Marchwood Depot was to contain the 20,000 barrels in one enormous magazine. By 1807 the Board of Ordnance had realised the importance of the provision of separate buildings for examining powder and other functions at magazines. After much deliberation about the design of the depot, it was decided to construct three magazines, placed as far apart as possible, each having the capacity for 6,800 barrels. Built into the design was Congreve's revolutionary idea of using `soft top' roofs (which, because of the low resistance in the roof, allowed any accidental blast to go upwards rather than outwards), hollow wall construction to reduce the risk of damp penetration(patented by John Groves in 1809), and a canal to move the barrels by barge from magazine to magazine. Although canal communication was used in the major Ordinance factories, the small canal just to the south of the magazines used for moving barrels by barge is thought to be unique. The powder from Marchwood was used to supply the smaller Portsmouth magazines at Priddy's Hard and Tipner Point and also to supply the fleet off Spithead.
At Marchwood the three magazines, together with the ancillary buildings and the perimeter wall, were built between 1814 and 1816. Magazine A (No.1) is the only one of the three original magazines to survive. The other early magazines, D (No.2) and G (No.3) were destroyed in 1940. The Receiving Room forms the north side of the rectangular enclosure around Magazine A. It was built at the same time as Magazine A, originally as a Shoe Room for changing into specialised magazine clothing.
Four more magazines were added in 1856-7 due to the shortcomings revealed by the Crimean War. This effective second foundation of Marchwood took its storage capacity to three magazines of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels. By 1864 it was the largest magazine in the country, according to the Times, with a capacity of 76,000 barrels. The canal was by now superseded by a roller way. The Board of Ordnance was abolished in 1856, and the War Office took over its responsibilities. In 1890 control of Marchwood was handed over to the Navy. The Receiving Room was extended in 1899 for use as a cordite store. Cordite had been introduced in the 1890's, and was considered to have relatively benign qualities. The presence of exposed metal was no longer considered dangerous in a cordite magazine, but temperature control was now needed.
95
Marchwood Depot began to be wound down soon afterwards, and a number of its magazines were destroyed by bombing in 1940. The Depot was closed in 1961.
SUMMARY OF IMPORTANCE: despite the loss of some of its elements, the features which characterise it; its floor plan, its relationship with the Magazine, and the quality of its brickwork, testify to its concept and usage. It dates from a period which marks a new approach to the concept of gunpowder storage, and of which there are no similar listed examples. It is integral to the construction of Magazine A and also has strong group value with the other structures at the Marchwood Depot.
Source: English Heritage
23.
Frobisher Court and Attached Wall Grade II Fawley, Hampshire
Description: Frobisher Court and Attached Wall
Grade: II Date Listed: 21 May 1985
OS Grid Coordinates: 447623, 100981 Latitude/Longitude: 50.8064, -1.3255
Location: Marchwood, Hampshire SO45 1BT
Locality: Marchwood Local Authority: New Forest
County: Hampshire Country: England
Postcode: SO45 1BT
MARCHWOOD 1860/5/32 MAGAZINE LANE 21-MAY-85 Frobisher Court and attached wall (Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE Former Police Barracks at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot) GV II Barracks flanked by officers' quarters, now houses. 1816, restored 1990-5 with new buildings in matching style added to rear. Walls of red brick on Portland stone plinth; rendered to left flank. Roof covering of grey slate laid to diminishing courses; brick chimneys. Two storeys with attic lit by roof dormers. Main block of 7 bays (original barracks, originally 4 rooms) flanked by returns of 3 bays (original officers' quarters) with roof hipped to front and stair string courses of first floor level. Main block entered by central doors (2 x 6 panel),
LOCALITY: Marchwood LOCAL AUTHORITY: New Forest COUNTY: Hampshire COUNTRY: England POSTCODE: SO40 4UD
MARCHWOOD MARCHWOOD ROAD SU 31 SE 5/29 Icehouse 25m north of Bury Farmhouse
GV II Icehouse. Early C19. Brick lined chamber, covered by earth. 2m long brick passage leads into top of dome of 3m diameter chamber, some 2m deep. Interesting position for icehouse, in woods by salt marshes of Southampton Water.
Listing NGR: SU3909309947
Source: English Heritage
26.
Malthouse Farmhouse Grade II Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire
Description: Malthouse Farmhouse
Grade: II
Date Listed: 1 April 1980
OS Grid Reference: SU3839410170
OS Grid Coordinates: 438394, 110170
Latitude/Longitude: 50.8897, -1.4555
Location: Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UA
House. Late medieval timber-framed hall, with inserted (C16) chimney and some upper floors, appearing as a lobby-entrance three bay house, with early C19 cladding and extensions and mid C19 extensions. Walls of cement rendering, some brickwork in rear outshots. Steep slate roof. The north-west front elevation has a hall with staircase unit projecting in front of the original entrance. One storey and attic, 3.1.1 windows.Casements. 6-panelled door within a gabled trellis porch. The massive chimney and framing are masked within, the entrance hall having panelled walls, and the original staircase partially surviving with slatted rails.
Listing NGR: SU3839410170
Source: English Heritage
27.
Marchwood Green Farmhouse Grade II Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire
Description: Marchwood Green Farmhouse
Grade: II
Date Listed: 12 October 1990
OS Grid Reference: SU3839410170
OS Grid Coordinates: 438394, 110170
Latitude/Longitude: 50.8897, -1.4555
Location: Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UA
Locality: Marchwood
Local Authority: New Forest
County: Hampshire
Country: England
Postcode: SO40 4UA
MARCHWOOD MAIN ROAD SU 31 SE 5/44 (North West side) Marchwood Green Farmhouse
Grade II House. Mid C18, and early C19; later alterations. Red brick in flemish bond; the front range has the front and left return clad in mathematical tiles, cream to front, red to return. Welsh slate roofs. Brick stacks. Mid C18 front range with short rear-wing at centre, this extended to full rear range and front range clad in tiles and porch added early C19. 2 storeys, 3 bays. Windows mostly have late C20 replacement 12-pane sashes. Symmetrical elevation. Step up to central 4-panel door (upper panels arched and glazed, lower panels with moulded edges) which has segmental-arched over-panel, panelled reveal, moulded surround with impost string and classical porch with fluted columns and pilasters and entablature. Wide flanking windows have gauged flat brick arches and paired sashes. 2-span roof with end stacks.
Rear: central door with old board door on left, and 16-pane sash on right. Two sashes with exposed boxes on 1st floor.
Added conservatory not of special interest.
Right return: one old segmental-arched 12-pane sash to 1st floor of rear range.
Interior: old doors, some with raised and fielded panels, and architraves; stick balusters and square newels remain to landing balustrade. On ground floor left-hand room has chamfered spine beam; right-hand room has C18 plaster. Ceiling moulding with roundels at corners and door of 4 moulded panels; round-arched architrave with key-block to front door; and hall rear doorcase has pulvinated architrave. 1st floor left-hand room has C18 fireplace surround with cornice. Attached C19 range, formerly outbuildings, to rear left not of special interest. Listing NGR: SU3839410170
Source: English Heritage
28. Marchwood House Grade II* Marchwood, Hampshire
Description: Marchwood House
Grade: II*
Date Listed: 10 June 1987
OS Grid Reference: SU3909309947
OS Grid Coordinates: 439093, 109947
Latitude/Longitude: 50.8877, -1.4456
Location: Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4PA
Locality: Marchwood
Local Authority: New Forest
County: Hampshire
Country: England
Postcode: SO40 4PA
MARCHWOOD MARCHWOOD PARK SU 30 NE 8/7 Marchwood House (Formerly Marchwood Park House) GV II*
Country mansion. 1820 by H F K Holloway and later. Stucco, 1st floor band, moulded eaves cornice below blocking course, architraves to windows with cornice on brackets to the ground-floor. Low-pitched hipped slate roof. A Regency building of classical form and restrained detail of Greek mouldings; almost square main block with long service wing to one side, and ballroom (a later addition) to the other. The south-west front elevation has a slightly projecting centrepiece, of two storeys, 1.1.1 windows. Sashes in reveals, coupled in the centre. Greek Doric porch with coupled fluted columns, single pilasters, and laurel wreathes in the frieze, architrave enclosing plain fanlight and half-glazed coupled doors all on a stone flagged base of two steps. To the east side is set back the blank wall of the ballroom, the main block showing a triple ground-floor window south of a bow-shaped bay of three windows (2 blank) now masked by the ballroom. The long west service wing is lower, of three storeys on a lower ground level, and ends in a taller unit; all of plain but similar treatment. The north-east shows as a continuous range separated by only slight projections, of 1, 2, 3 storeys, 3:2.1.2: 5.0.1.0 windows. Plain walls with plinth, cornice to low parapet, sashes in reveals; the western block has a triple sash to the 1st floor (beneath a pediment) above a cambered (lower) ground-floor triple sash. Inside, there is a palatial staircase hall, with ornamental iron rails to the stone stairway, in several rooms there are original fireplaces, decorative ceilings, dado panelling, and mahogany doors in architraves.
Listing NGR: SU3909309947
Source: English Heritage
29.
Marchwood Primary School Grade II 2 Twiggs Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire
SU 30 NE TWIGGS LANE 1860/8/10020 Marchwood Primary School Grade II
School. Circa mid C19; extended late C19 / early C20 and later C20. Yellow /buff coloured brick, red brick at rear. Clay plain tile roof with gabled ends with ornate shaped and pierced barge-boards. Brick axial stack with multiple shafts.
PLAN : 2 large school rooms, one in main range to right, the other in cross-wing on left, and with entrance between, now blocked. C19 and C20 extensions at rear. Picturesque Victorian Gothic style.
EXTERIOR: Single storey. Asymmetrica15-bay west front with projecting gabled cross-wing on left, gabled porch in angle, projecting gabled bay to right of centre and dormer, all with ornate pierced bargeboards; large 2, 3 and 4-light stone mullion windows with hoodmoulds and lozenge shaped panes, that on left with transom; gables each have small pointed arch panels; pointed arch doorway to porch. Large gabled porch on left [N] side with tall pointed arch doorway, and large canted bay to left with lozenge panes; similar canted bay on south gable end. Circa late C 19/ early C20 extension adjoining rear [SE] , and large later C20 extension to rear [NE].
INTERIOR: The two large schoolrooms are open to their roofs, with scissor-braced trusses. Listing NGR: SU3836609703
Source: English Heritage
Marchwood Infants School Twiggs Lane Marchwood
102
30.
Marchwood Yacht Club (former Entrance Lodges) and Attached Wall and Gates Grade II Marchwood
Description: Marchwood Yacht Club (former Entrance Lodges) and Attached Wall and
Gates
Grade: II
Date Listed: 21 May 1985
We don't have any geographic location information for this building. Help fix that!
Locality: Marchwood
Local Authority: New Forest
County: Hampshire
Country: England
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MARCHWOOD 1860/5/33 MAGAZINE LANE 21-MAY-85 Marchwood Yacht Club (former entrance lodges) and attached wall and gates (Formerly listed as: MAGAZINE LANE Entrance lodge and gates at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot) GV II Entrance lodges and gates, now club building. Dated 1814 on foundation stone. Red brick walls, roofs of grey slate laid to diminishing courses, except to porticos which are felted. Twin rectangular buildings flanking a forecourt, the west side closed by a brick wall with central entrance gates. Each lodge has two 6/6-pane sash windows (glazing bars) flanking a central door with overlight. All openings have flat gauged brick arches. To the front of each lodge a portico supported on 6 cast iron columns, probably dating from 1850s. The main roof above hipped to front and rear, with central brick chimney stack. West forecourt wall of red brick terminating in square piers with sunk panels and surmounted by urns. Plain iron gates between, with spiked terminals. HISTORY: The lodge to the north was built as a guard house and engine house, that to the south as a watch house and office. Marchwood was conceived in 1811 as a store depot like Tipner (Portsmouth). Potential canal communications from Southampton water were the Redbridge-Andover, Northampton-Winchester and Bursledon-Botley navigations. This was to be a 20,000 barrel magazine with two 10,000 barrel magazines the preferred disposition. In the event, and after deliberation resulting in the adoption of plans submitted in 1811 by Sir William Congreve (the Comptroller of the Royal Laboratory in Woolwich) over those by General Fisher (commanding officer of the Portsmouth Royal Engineers' Department), 3 magazines each with a 6,800 capacity were built, with a small internal L-shaped canal for moving barrels by barge and a centrally-placed Shifting House. The shortcomings revealed through the Crimean War brought about the decision to increase storage capability, and additional magazines were built at Marchwood, Tipner and Upnor. In July 1853, the CRE Portsmouth had been asked to prepare a report on the expense of making Marchwood serviceable again. The magazines were ordered in September to be made fit to receive powder from Dover, and in November the floor of No. 3 Magazine was ordered to be made good before the establishment was re-established as a Powder Station and Officers appointed. This, effectively the second foundation of Marchwood, was marked by a vast increase in its storage: four new magazines, three of 14,400 and one of 9,600 barrels capacity, were built in 1856-7. A Times article of 1864 noted that Marchwood was
'the largest magazine in the Kingdom', with a capacity of 76,000 barrels of powder. The establishment began to be wound down soon afterwards, there being 45 employees in 1898. B, E, F and G magazines were destroyed by the Luftwaffe in June 1940, and the Admiralty's use of the depot declined steeply after 1945: it was closed in 1961. (Roger Bowdler, Former Board of Ordnance Gunpowder Magazines, Magazine Lane, Marchwood, Hampshire, Historical Analysis and Research Team, English Heritage, 1997)
Source: English Heritage
31.
Pear Tree Cottages 1-3 Grade II 4 Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire
Description: Pear Tree Cottages 1-3
Grade: II
Date Listed: 6 May 1976
OS Grid Reference: SU3894010572
OS Grid Coordinates: 438940, 110572
Latitude/Longitude: 50.8933, -1.4477
Location: 4 Main Road, Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4US
Locality: Marchwood
Local Authority: New Forest
County: Hampshire
Country: England
Postcode: SO40 4US
MARCHWOOD MAIN ROAD
SU 31 SE
5/42 Nos. 1-3 (consec)
Pear Tree Cottages
6.5.76
GV II
Row of cottages. C18 altered C19 and restored C20. Rendered brick, thatch roof. Irregular
and of several builds, each cottage of 2 bays, 1½ storey, with centre cottage slightly
projecting and C20 1 bay addition at one end, set-back. Front has to centre and left hand
cottage, C19 or C20 gabled porch in one bay. 3-light casement in other with C20 2 and 3 light
casement in other cottage. On 1st floor eyebrow dormers except to left hand which has 2 and
3 light casement under eaves. Room ½-hipped to right and hipped addition to left. Ridge
stacks between cottages and stack on front wall at left end corner.
Listing NGR: SU3894010572 Source: English Heritage
Staplewood Farmhouse Grade II Marchwood, Hampshire
Description: Staplewood Farmhouse
Grade: II
Date Listed: 10 June 1987
OS Grid Reference: SU3754009170
OS Grid Coordinates: 437540, 109170
Latitude/Longitude: 50.8808, -1.4677
Location: Marchwood, Hampshire SO40 4UL
Locality: Marchwood
Local Authority: New Forest
County: Hampshire
Country: England
Postcode: SO40 4UL
MARCHWOOD SU 30 NE 8/4 Staplewood Farmhouse GV II House. C16 with C20 extension. Exposed timber-frame with brick infill and other walling. Thatch roof, hipped and brought to a lower eavesat each end, eyebrow dormers. Lobby entrance form, of three bays with outshots, and rear extension in matching style; west front elevation of one
Royal Observer Corps Monitoring Post [Resource available from ADS]
Condition: Bad Marchwood, Hampshire, England Council for British Archaeology (CBA)
FORMER MARCHWOOD POWER STATION
Site code: W9885. Assessment in advance of proposed development identified potential palaeo-environmental evidence. HAMPSHIRE, SOUTHAMPTON, SOUTHAMPTON English Heritage, National Monuments Record
No title [Further information online]
A Bronze Age bronze palstave was discovered pre-1967 at Husband's Shipyard, Marchwood. It is now in Southampton City Museum. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
No title [Further information online]
Beacon depicted on John Nordens map of 1595. Possibly sited on either Staplewood Hill, Ap-plemore Hill or Beacon Hill, Marchwood. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
MARCHWOOD STATION [Further information online]
Site of railway station on the Fawley Light Railway, opened in 1925, closed to passengers in 1966 and to all goods in 1967. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
BIRCHLANDS [Further information online]
Documented as a vill in the Lay Subsidy Roll of 1327-28. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
NEWTOWN [Further information online]
Vill documented in the Lay Subsidy Roll of 1327-28; a residence here is recorded in the early 15th century. It was probably located at the present Bury Farm. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
Country house built in 1820 by H.F.K Halloway MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
No title [Further information online]
Ice House in grounds of Marchwood House MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
BOCOLT [Further information online]
Medieval village destroyed circa 1079 for the creation of the New Forest. Resettled as Buckholt. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
BURY FARM ICEHOUSE [Further information online]
Early 19th century ice house at Bury Farm MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
MARCHWOOD MILITARY RAILWAY [Further information online]
Army railway system from the Lymington line to Marchwood Military Port with a branch to Rob-erts Camp. Opened 1925. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
ORDNANCE HOUSE [Further information online]
Storekeeper and later Commander's house at the fromer Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. Built 1814, demolished shortly after 1982 in advance of housing development. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
BOXBUSH COTTAGE [Further information online]
The site of a cottage of rendered brick with thatch roof; the roof is hipped with eyebrow dormers. The cottage is of one storey with attics and was recorded by the RCHME in a derelict condition. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
No title [Further information online]
Second World War Mulberry Harbour construction site at Marchwood Power Station MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
Former Police Barracks at Royal Naval Armaments Depot. Military Police section House, former-ly barracks flanked by Officer's quarters, built 1814. Two storeys with attic, the walls are of red brick on... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
ROYAL NAVAL ARMAMENTS DEPOT [Further information online]
Entrance lodges and gates to former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. Dated 1814, they comprise twin rectangular buildings flanking a forecourt, the west side closed by a brick wall, with centra... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
No title [Further information online]
Magazine A at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. Built in 1814 the building has red brick walls, roofs of grey slate laid to diminishing courses, with cambered guaged brick arches to openi... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
No title [Further information online]
Receiving rooms at former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. They lie outside the en-closing wall on either side of the original northern entrance to Magazine A. They were probably first built by ... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
No title [Further information online]
Shifting rooms at the former Royal Naval Armaments Depot. Built circa 1814 they were used for repcking the powder barrels, and were known as the Examining Rooms from 1891. The single storey building b... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
No title [Further information online]
Magazine C at Royal Naval Armaments Depot. Built 1856-7 as one of four new and larger maga-zines added to the depot. It is of red brick walls originally with slate roof. Now in poor condition. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
ROYAL NAVAL ARMAMENTS DEPOT [Further information online]
Former Royal Naval Armaments Depot at Marchwood. Initially developed by the Board of Ord-nance between 1812 and 1815, it was closed in 1850. On the outbreak of the Crimean War the depot
was reopened in... MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
No title [Further information online]
A hoard of Roman coins was found in the 18th century when digging foundations at Bury Farm, then the residence of Sir Charles Mills. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
MARCHWOOD [Further information online]
Documented as a vill in the Lay Subsidy Roll of 1327-28. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
No title [Further information online]
Blastwall to Magazine G (now rebuilt) at the former Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. The blast wall dates from 1812-15 and is of red brick with Portland stone coping. MARCHWOOD, NEW FOREST, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND English Heritage, National Monuments Record
Marchwood History Research Journal 12.03.2011, today I took Sveta, to visit the Waterside Heritage Centre, to meet Graham Parkes. The visit was an introduction for Sveta to see the centre and to consider undertaking some research on the history of Marchwood. Sveta was a little impressed but agreed to start and see where it would lead. That afternoon we returned from shopping via the Eling Toll Bridge and followed the road to Marchwood. 13.03.2011, I spent the day searching the Internet and down loaded information about:
Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood. Marchwood Yacht Club Marchwood Parish council – Listed Buildings Marchwood Power Station Map of Marchwood Parish National Archives - Domesday Book Marchwood listed buildings
The Marchwood Parish Councils page of listed buildings led to English Heritages Listed Buildings. A search of Marchwood Parish gave me a new longer list of buildings and the rest of my day was taken up with downloading the details. I also provided updated information on two entries. 15.03.2011, today we had our first expedition around the roads of Marchwood with two objectives. To familiarise ourselves with the roads secondly, to try and find some of the listed buildings. At the end of the day we had found the yacht club, the White Horse PH, Pear Tree Cottages amongst a number of items I photographed. 17.03.2011, today Sveta and I went for our first volunteer session at the Heritage Centre Our first task was to strip down the display panels and number them. I stripped them down and Sveta did the numbering. When we had finished Sveta asked Graham if there was anything else we could do and Graham found another pile of documents that he sorted and Sveta numbered. Later we explored the Marchwood Area. We visited the Marchwood C of E Infants School, Twiggs lane and confirmed that the County Police Station was indeed next door. The building is now a pair of semi-detached houses, converted to private residences. The left one has a small sign County Po-lice Station. Crossing the Marchwood by-pass we discovered Dun Clagh up a long drive, invisible from the road. It’s a wonderful old building with an extensive garden. I met Mr B. Nuttall the current owner who told me that some of the buildings had been extended in keeping with original design. Unfortunately I had to respect the owner’s privacy and was unable to make a photographic record. Next we went looking for Staplewood Farm house, which my research had discovered, now be-longed to the Southampton Football Club. Enquiring of the security guard, who pointed out the farm house to me but regretted that he could not allow unauthorised photography. So I made do with taking a photograph over the gate. Finally in Old Magazine Close, I discovered some items of Industrial Archaeology. There were a dozen Harland & Wolff drain covers.
141
18.03.2011. I have copied the three separate research documents together and numbered the pag-es. I now have 37,841 word and 119 pages. I am also numbering sections and paragraphs.
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Index 1. National Archives Domesday reference Marchwood 2. Royal Naval Armaments Depot, Marchwood 3. Marchwood Yacht Club History 4. Marchwood Power Station 5. THE BRITISH POWER BOAT COMPANY 6. Husband Shipyard 7. Marchwood Railway Station 8. Map of Marchwood Railway Station 9. Church of St Johns the Apostle 10. Gospel Church 11. New Forest Community Church 12. Marchwood Women’s Institute 13. Marchwood Council Listed Buildings 14. British Listed Building 15. Blast Wall 16. Bury Farmhouse 17. Church of St John the Apostle 18. Dun Clagh 19. Former No. 1 Magazine 20. Former Examining Room 21. Former Magazine 22. Former Receiving Room 23. Frobisher Court 24. Granary 25. Ice House 26. Malthouse Farmhouse 27. Marchwood Green Farmhouse 28. Marchwood House 29. Marchwood Primary School 30. Marchwood Yacht Club 31. Pear Tree Cottages 32. Staple Farm House 33. Whitehouse Public House