Ottoman Empire

By: Alyssa Ayala, Cassidy Cain, & Jen Fahr

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

EstablishmentThe CreationLocationPeriod of Time it ExistedReligion Impact on EuropeForeign RelationsThe Rising of the Ottoman EmpireThe Golden Age (1481-1566)The Downfall of the Ottoman EmpireSignificance of the Ottoman Empire

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Othman (Osman) founded the Ottoman Empire around 1307 Turkish tribal chief Founded the dynasty called Osmanli (Sons of Osman) Seljuks- strongest tribe of the Turks who established

themselves in Asia minor The Mongols defeated the Seljuks in 1283 and Othman

emerged as the leader of the Turks in the fight against the Byzantine Empire

ESTABLISHMENT

This empire was created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia It emerged in Asia Minor after the breakdown of the empire of

the Seljuk Turks Ottoman Turks began to take over the other states and ending all

other Turkish dynasties The Ottomans achieved many victories and were able

to place large parts of the Balkan Peninsula under their rule Ottoman’s now have a stable empire

THE CREATION

Ruled parts of southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and East Africa for more than 600 years Includes Anatolia, the Balkans, Crimea, Hungary, parts of

Syria, Arabia, and North Africa

LOCATION

LOCATION

Existed form 1301-1922 One of the largest and longest lasting Empires in the world Stayed a strong empire because it was ruled by a single family for

7 centuries Reached it’s height from 1520-1566Began to decline in 15711922 the sultan was overthrown ending the empire

PERIOD OF TIME IT EXISTED

Main religion was Islam Islamic ideals and laws form the basis of their

society, government, and lawThe Suleiman was regarded as the religious leader of

Islam and Muslims Other religions were ensured protection in the empire

RELIGION

Many European countries ignored the expansion of the Ottoman Empire

They viewed the Turks as a threat to Christian civilization

People, such as Luther and Desiderius Erasmus, saw the Turks as a sign of God’s anger toward Europe They urged for repentance and reform

The Ottoman Turks became less of a concern to Europe as the Renaissance continued

IMPACT ON EUROPE

Military alliance with France, England, and the Netherlands

Wars against Habsburg Spain, Italy, and Habsburg Austria

FOREIGN RELATIONS

1. Gained landed in the northwest corner of the Anatolian Peninsula by the Seljuk Turks due to their assistance in fighting the Mongols

2. Expanded westward to control Bosporus and the Dardanelles, which were two straits that connected the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. (Byzantine Empire previously controlled this land)

3. They expanded into the Balkans Ottoman rulers claimed the name of sultan and built a

strong military by developing an elite guard called janissaries

4. New Technology Janissaries used firearms to spread the Ottoman

Empire 1400- defeated the Serbs and annexed Bulgaria

THE RISE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Three sultans ruled the Ottoman Empire at its height: Beyazid (1481-1512)- extended empire into Europe,

added outposts to the Black Sea, put down revolts in Asia Minor, and turned the Ottoman Fleet into a major Mediterranean naval power

Selim (1512-1520)- eliminated all competition for his position, established control over the army, and moved south and eastward into Syria, Mesopotamia, Arabia, and Egypt

Suleyman I the Magnificient (1530-1566)- captured Belgrade in 1521, captured Rhodes in 1522, broke military power of Hungary, and waged three campaigns against Persia

THE GOLDEN AGE (1481-1566)

The Battle of Lepanto (1571) Beginning of the downfall Conflict between the Ottoman and Habsburg empires

extended to Mediterranean Sea Turkish navy fought against Spain and Venice Destruction of the Turkish fleet

Government Became weaker and parts of the empire began to act

independentlyMurad III (Ruled 1574-95) the Caucasus were

conquered and Azerbaijan seized Ottomans were driven out of the Caucasus and Azerbaijan

in 1603 and out of Iraq in 1604

THE DOWNFALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Ottomans were at war with European enemies for 41 years

Lost Blakan territory and all possessions on shores of the Black Sea

Selim II (ruled 1789-1807) attempted to reform empire and navy but he failed and was overthrown

Mahmud II (ruled 1808-39) empire was in desperate straits

“Sick Man of Europe” (1850-1922) Ottomans forced to sign the Treaty of San Stefano which

would end their rule in Europe except for Congress of BerlinAbdulhamid II (ruled 1876-1909) developed strong

ties with Germany and fought on their side in World War I

Mohammed VI fled in 1922 after the sultanate was abolished

THE DOWNFALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Universalized the civilizations of East and West Influenced Islamic religions in the Middle East and

Persia Provided a strong and organized militaryHad a centralized political structure One of the largest, longest lasting and most

successful empires

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

"Ot toman Empire. " Gale Encyc lopedia of World His tory : Governments . Vol . 1 . Detro i t : Gale , 2008. Gale Vir tual Reference L ibrary . Web. 7 Mar.

2014. "Ot toman Empire. " Renaissance: An Encyc lopedia for Students . Ed. Paul F.

Grendler. Vol . 3 . New York: Char les Scr ibner 's Sons, 2004. 132-134. Gale Vir tual Reference L ibrary . Web. 7 Mar. 2014.

"Ot tomans and Ot toman Empire. " The Middle Ages : An Encyc lopedia for Students . Ed. Wi l l iam Chester Jordan. Vol . 3 . New York: Char les Scr ibner 's Sons, 1996. 186-189. Gale Vir tual Reference L ibrary . Web. 7 Mar. 2014.

" In t roduct ion to the Rise and Fal l o f the Ot toman Empire (Four teenth to Seventeenth Centur ies) . " Gale Encyc lopedia of World History : War . Vol . 1 . Detro i t : Gale , 2008. Gale Vir tual Reference L ibrary . Web. 7 Mar. 2014 .

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