Other Invasive Insects Or What Else do I Need to Worry About?
Feb 04, 2016
Other Invasive Insects
OrWhat Else do I Need to
Worry About?
Most insects are beneficial
pollinators predators and parasites
detritivoresfood!
Native vs. Invasive
• Trees have some resistance
• Predators and parasites• Populations often cycle• Example: spruce
budworm
• Trees often have no resistance
• Few or no effective natural enemies
• Populations keep on rising
Reasons why you are glad you live Downeast
Browntail Moth
Winter Moth
Pupates in soil May-Nov
• Hemlock• ~1/8” discrete white
woolly masses• Undersides of twigs• Base of needle
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
Photos: USFSPhoto: Maine Forest Service
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
Forest: Alfred, Arundel, Berwick, Biddeford, Kennebunk, Old Orchard Beach and Topsham (detection survey); Scarborough (trained volunteer). Planted (EHS+HWA): Mount Desert, Sedgewick
HWA Crawlers, Crawlers, Everywhere!
April - July• Abundant• Very Mobile• Nearly Invisible
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA)
• Chemical treatment – when high risk of human spread
• Biocontrol – best long-term solution. In areas protected from development.
• Outreach and public education.
Elongate Hemlock Scale
• First detected in ME in 2009
• Not quarantined – depend on public reporting
• Attacks fir and spruce as well
• Chemical control on planted trees to reduce spread to native forest
Maine Dept. Ag.
Two Invasives of Concern(not found here yet)
Brown Spruce Longhorned Beetle
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Longhorned beetle (Cerambycid)
New Find 2011
Maine Hosts: Spruce (fir, larch, pines)
Photos: Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management
Recognizing BSLB
Photos: CFIA (left), Jon Sweeney, bugwood.org (middle and right)
Round to D-shaped 1/8” exit holes
Resin Covered TrunksYellowing Foliage
Recognizing BSLB
Photos: Georgette Smith, bugwood.org
L-Shaped Pupal ChamberLarval Feeding Tunnels
Recognizing (what is not) BSLB
• Spruce Beetle– Native pest– Pitch tubes (not always)– Round exit holes
(smaller)
Questions?
Photo: Jon Sweeney, Natural Resources Canada, Bugwood.org
Emerald Ash Borer (EAB)
Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org
Bright metallic green -½ inch long
Emerald Ash Borer
- long and narrow- likely to be found near ash trees
Tiger Beetle
- broader- definite ‘shoulders’- often flies near ground(very fast)
Will our cold winters protect us from EAB?
Maine Hosts: White, Green, Brown Ash
White Green Brown
White Green
BrownPhotos: Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management
Crown Decline (top down)Troy Kimoto, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Bugwood.org
Epicormic Shoots
S-shaped Galleries
D-shaped exit holesPhoto: University of Wisconsin Entomology
Bark SplittingMichigan Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org
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Recognizing EAB
David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org
Jim Tresouthick, Village of Homewood, Bugwood.org
Impact• Hosts
– Attacks allall species of North American ash
– Kills allall of the trees it attacks
– Has killed 10’s of millions of trees since 2002
– Has the potential to wipe out ashin NA
Photo: Maine Department of Agriculture
The Enemy
• Killed tens of millions of trees since 2002
• Spread to 18 states and 2 provinces
• No effective natural enemies (yet)
• Little or no tree resistance
Emerald Ash Borer
One of the biggest problems…
No good method of monitoring for EAB
Purple Traps Trap Trees
Biosurveillance
So How Do We Monitor For EAB?
Public Education
Purple Sticky Traps
-Least sensitive-Most user friendly-Cheapest
2012 – 965 traps2013 – 852 traps
Trap trees
-fairly sensitive
-lots of work!
Volunteertrap-tree network
2013 – hope to involve state parks and MFS foresters
Biosurveillance
Cerceris fumipennis
-Native wasp
-Solitary ground-nester (in colonies)
-Non-stinging
-Provisions its nest with adult buprestids (metallic wood-boring beetles)
-Is capable of finding EAB at low levels
BIOSURVEILLANCE
Family: Crabronidae(hunting wasps)
Wasp colonies used for biosurveillance
Colonies not used
If we find an EAB infestation early…
• Smaller area infested, fewer beetles present• Much lower chance of inadvertent spread• Smaller quarantine• We have more management options• Management is much more effective
We found EAB!Now what???
• Delimiting survey (monitoring)• SLAM: SLow Ash Mortality (management of
EAB)• Biological control• Pesticide options
3 Parasitic Wasps
Spathius
Tetrastichus
Oobius
SLow Ash Mortality
• Delimiting survey• Remove large trees in infested area• Girdle trees to concentrate & remove EAB
• Can concentrate and reduce EAB popluation
Firewood