OT Survey I 2 Samuel. English Location of Samuel in Canon Hebrew [ Historical Books] Joshua Joshua Judges Judges Ruth Ruth Samuel Samuel Kings Kings Chronicles.

OT Survey IOT Survey I

2 Samuel 2 Samuel

English

Location of Samuel in CanonLocation of Samuel in Canon

Hebrew[Historical Books] JoshuaJoshua

JudgesJudges RuthRuth SamuelSamuel KingsKings ChroniclesChronicles Ezra/Neh/EstEzra/Neh/Est

[Former Prophets] JoshuaJoshua

JudgesJudges SamuelSamuel KingsKings

[Writings] . . . Proverbs. . . Proverbs Ruth . . .Ruth . . .

Location of Samuel in CanonLocation of Samuel in Canon

Pentateuch (esp. Deuteronomy)

Joshua

Judges

Samuel

Location of Samuel in CanonLocation of Samuel in Canon

Pentateuch (esp. Deuteronomy)

Joshua

Judges

1 Samuel2 Samuel

lWaêv' tAmå ‘yrEx]a;¥ yhiªy>w:

Now it came about after the death of Saul… (NAS)

2 Samuel 1:1

Now it came about after the death Now it came about after the death of…of…

Now it came about after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD . . . (Joshua 1:1)

And it came about after the death of Abraham . . . (Gen 25:11) [Hebrew is the same]

Now it came about after the death of Joshua . . (Judges 1:1)

Now it came about after the death of Saul . . . (2 Samuel 1:1)

. . . after the death of the two sons of Aaron. (Lev 16:1) [Similar Hebrew]

[Later] . . . after the death of Ahab. (2 Kings 1:1)

Now it came about after the death Now it came about after the death of…of…

Now it came about after the death of Moses the servant of the LORD that the LORD spoke to Joshua the son of Nun (Joshua 1:1) [Mosaic Covenant: Torch passed to Joshua]

And it came about after the death of Abraham, that God blessed his son Isaac. (Genesis 25:11) [Abrahamic Covenant: Torch passed to Isaac]

Now it came about after the death of Joshua that the sons of Israel inquired of the LORD (Judges 1:1) [Joshua’s Covenant: Torch passed to the people (remember, “there was no king in those days”)]

Now it came about after the death of Saul . . . that David remained two days in Ziklag (2 Samuel 1:1) [Saul’s (Samuel’s?) Covenant: Torch passed to David]

Noahic to Abrahamic CovenantNoahic to Abrahamic Covenant

Failure – Tower of Babel (Gen 11)

Promise – Noahic Covenant (Gen 9)

Renewal – Abrahamic Covenant (Gen 15 -> 17) [note the historical prologue in 15:7]

Theophany – Smoking Oven and Flaming Torch (Gen 15)

Concern – Disobedience will result in cutting off (Gen 17)

Waiting – Abraham grows old (Gen 16)

Impatience – Abraham takes Hagar (Gen 16)

Fulfillment Begins – Isaac born (Gen 21)

“Now it came about after the death of Abraham…” (Genesis 25:11)

Abrahamic to Mosaic CovenantAbrahamic to Mosaic Covenant

Failure – Israel in Egypt (Gen 37 - Exod 12)

Promise – Abrahamic Covenant

Renewal – Mosaic Covenant (Exod 19-31 -> Lev) [note the historical prologue in 19:4]

Theophany – God thundering from Sinai (Exod 19) Concern – Boundaries to obey (Exod)! God is holy (Lev)!

Waiting – For Moses to return (Exod 32:1)

Impatience – Golden Calf (Exod 32)

Fulfillment Begins – Tabernacle Finished (Exod 34-40)

“…after the death of the two sons of Aaron…” (Leviticus 16:1)

Mosaic to Deuteronomic Mosaic to Deuteronomic CovenantCovenant

Failure – All of Numbers; but esp. at Kadesh (Num 13)

Promise – Mosaic Covenant

Renewal – Deut. Covenant (Num 14 -> Deut 1-30) [note the historical prologue in Deut 1-4]

Theophany – God appears in tent (Num 14 -> Deut 31:15)

Concern – Israel won’t obey! (Num 14 -> Deut 31:16-32:52)

Waiting – 40 years in the wilderness (Num 13-19)

Impatience – Moses strikes the rock (Num 20)

Fulfillment Begins – East of the Jordan (Num 21-36)

“Now it came about after the death of Moses…” (Joshua 1:1)

Deuteronomic to Joshua’s Deuteronomic to Joshua’s CovenantCovenant

Failure – No Herem at Ai (Josh 7)

Promise – Deuteronomic Covenant

Renewal – Renewed Covenant (Josh 8 -> 24) [note the historical prologue in Josh 24:1-13]

Theophany – ???

Concern – Israel will not obey, has idols (Josh 24)

Waiting – As opponents assemble (Josh 9:1)

Impatience – Not inquiring of Yahweh (Josh 9) Fulfillment Begins – Israel starts to take land (Josh 12)

“Now it came about after the death of Joshua…” (Judges 1:1)

Joshua’s to Samuel’s CovenantJoshua’s to Samuel’s Covenant

Failure – Judges through 1 Samuel 8, esp. 1 Samuel 8

Promise – Joshua’s Covenant (i.e., renewed by Joshua)

Renewal – Samuel’s Covenant (1 Sam 10 -> 12) [note the historical prologue in 1 Sam 12:6-11]

Theophany – 1 Sam 12:16-19 Concern – Sin will lead to God’s opposition (1 Sam 12:15)

Waiting – Saul for Samuel (1 Sam 13:8) Impatience – Acting before Samuel’s arrival (1 Sam 13:9-10)

Fulfillment Begins – David anointed as king (1 Sam 16)

“Now it came about after the death of Saul…” (2 Sam 1:1)

Samuel to David’s CovenantSamuel to David’s Covenant

Failure – Righteous king not reigning (1 Sam 18 - 2 Sam 4)

Promise – Samuel’s Covenant (i.e., renewed by Samuel)

Renewal – David’s Covenant (2 Sam 7; 1 Kings ?) [note the historical prologue in 2 Sam 7:8-9]

Theophany – 1 Kings ? Concern – Sin brings discipline (2 Sam 7:14; 1 Kings ?)

Waiting – David waiting for army’s return (2 Sam 11:1-3)

Impatience(?) – Taking of Bathsheba (2 Sam 11)

Fulfillment Begins – Solomon is born (2 Sam 12:24-25)

Structure of 2 SamuelStructure of 2 Samuel 2 Samuel 1- 4 – David’s rise to power2 Samuel 1- 4 – David’s rise to power 2 Samuel 5- 9 – David’s rule in power2 Samuel 5- 9 – David’s rule in power 2 Samuel 10-122 Samuel 10-12 – David’s abuse of power– David’s abuse of power 2 Samuel 13-20 – David’s fall from power2 Samuel 13-20 – David’s fall from power 2 Samuel 21-24* – End of David’s reign2 Samuel 21-24* – End of David’s reign

* Section actually ends in 1 Kings 2* Section actually ends in 1 Kings 2

The Hope of Hannah and The Hope of Hannah and DavidDavid

My horn (1/2:1, 2/22:3)My horn (1/2:1, 2/22:3) No other rock (1/2:2, 2/22:32)No other rock (1/2:2, 2/22:32) Armed with strength (1/2:4, 2/22:40)Armed with strength (1/2:4, 2/22:40) The grave, death (1/2:6, 2/22:5-6)The grave, death (1/2:6, 2/22:5-6) Humbles, exalts, proud (1/2:7, 2/22:28)Humbles, exalts, proud (1/2:7, 2/22:28) Darkness (1/2:9, 2/22:29)Darkness (1/2:9, 2/22:29) Thunder from heaven (1/2:10, 2/22:14)Thunder from heaven (1/2:10, 2/22:14) Gives the king (1/2:10, 2/22:51)Gives the king (1/2:10, 2/22:51) Yahweh’s anointed (1/2:10, 2/22:51)Yahweh’s anointed (1/2:10, 2/22:51)

Structure of 1 SamuelStructure of 1 Samuel 1 Samuel 1- 7 – The Ministry of Samuel1 Samuel 1- 7 – The Ministry of Samuel 1 Samuel 1 Samuel 8 – 8 – Israel Rejects GodIsrael Rejects God 1 Samuel 9-111 Samuel 9-11 – Saul becomes king– Saul becomes king 1 Samuel 1 Samuel 12 – 12 – God’s Promise of GraceGod’s Promise of Grace 1 Samuel 13-15 – Saul rejected as king1 Samuel 13-15 – Saul rejected as king 1 Samuel 1 Samuel 16 – 16 – David Chosen as kingDavid Chosen as king 1 Samuel 1 Samuel 17 – David defeats Philistines17 – David defeats Philistines 1 Samuel 18-27 – David flees from Saul1 Samuel 18-27 – David flees from Saul 1 Samuel 28-31 – Saul defeated by Philistines1 Samuel 28-31 – Saul defeated by Philistines

Structure of 2 SamuelStructure of 2 Samuel 2 Samuel 1- 4 – David’s rise to power2 Samuel 1- 4 – David’s rise to power 2 Samuel 5- 9 – David’s rule in power2 Samuel 5- 9 – David’s rule in power 2 Samuel 10-122 Samuel 10-12 – David’s abuse of power– David’s abuse of power 2 Samuel 13-20 – David’s fall from power2 Samuel 13-20 – David’s fall from power 2 Samuel 21-24 – End of David’s reign2 Samuel 21-24 – End of David’s reign

Key ChaptersKey Chapters 2 Samuel 7 – Davidic Covenant2 Samuel 7 – Davidic Covenant 2 Samuel 12 – Consequences of David’s sin2 Samuel 12 – Consequences of David’s sin 2 Samuel 222 Samuel 22 – David’s hope– David’s hope

Purpose StatementPurpose Statementof First Samuelof First Samuel

God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked request for a king and demonstrates request for a king and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David.by contrasting Saul and David.

• Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s Israel’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s righteousnessrighteousness

Purpose StatementPurpose Statementof First Samuelof First Samuel

God responds in grace to God responds in grace to Israel’s wicked Israel’s wicked request for a kingrequest for a king and demonstrates and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David.by contrasting Saul and David.

• Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked requestIsrael’s wicked request; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s ; ch. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s righteousnessrighteousness

Purpose StatementPurpose Statementof First Samuelof First Samuel

God responds in graceGod responds in grace to to Israel’s wicked Israel’s wicked request for a kingrequest for a king and demonstrates and demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and David.by contrasting Saul and David.

• Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked requestIsrael’s wicked request; ; ch. 12 – God’s gracech. 12 – God’s grace; ch. 16 – David’s ; ch. 16 – David’s righteousnessrighteousness

Purpose StatementPurpose Statementof First Samuelof First Samuel

God responds in graceGod responds in grace to to Israel’s wicked Israel’s wicked request for a kingrequest for a king and and demonstrates demonstrates the righteousness He desires in a king the righteousness He desires in a king by contrasting Saul and Davidby contrasting Saul and David..

• Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 8 – Ch. 8 – Israel’s wicked requestIsrael’s wicked request; ; ch. 12 – God’s gracech. 12 – God’s grace; ; ch. 16 – David’s ch. 16 – David’s righteousnessrighteousness

Purpose StatementPurpose Statementof Second Samuelof Second Samuel

God's covenant provides hope for God's covenant provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel.one day forever be a reality for Israel.

• Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its God’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous rulerrighteous ruler

Purpose StatementPurpose Statementof Second Samuelof Second Samuel

God's covenantGod's covenant provides hope for provides hope for Israel that in spite of David's failure, Israel that in spite of David's failure, the blessings of a Davidic king will the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel.one day forever be a reality for Israel.

• Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with DavidGod’s covenant with David; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its ; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, predicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous rulerrighteous ruler

Purpose StatementPurpose Statementof Second Samuelof Second Samuel

God's covenantGod's covenant provides hope for provides hope for Israel that Israel that in spite of David's failurein spite of David's failure, , the blessings of a Davidic king will the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel.one day forever be a reality for Israel.

• Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with DavidGod’s covenant with David; ; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequencespredicted consequences; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, ; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous rulerrighteous ruler

Purpose StatementPurpose Statementof Second Samuelof Second Samuel

God's covenantGod's covenant provides hope for provides hope for Israel Israel that that in spite of David's failurein spite of David's failure, , the blessings of a Davidic king will the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israel.one day forever be a reality for Israel.

• Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with DavidGod’s covenant with David; ; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequencespredicted consequences; ; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous rulerrighteous ruler

Purpose StatementPurpose Statementof Second Samuelof Second Samuel

God's covenantGod's covenant provides hope for provides hope for Israel Israel that that in spite of David's failurein spite of David's failure, , the blessings of a Davidic king will the blessings of a Davidic king will one day forever be a reality for Israelone day forever be a reality for Israel..

• Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Purpose statement highlights three key chapters: Ch. 7 – Ch. 7 – God’s covenant with DavidGod’s covenant with David; ; ch. 12 – David’s failure and its ch. 12 – David’s failure and its predicted consequencespredicted consequences; ; ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, ch. 22 – David’s hope of a future, righteous rulerrighteous ruler

Major ThemesMajor Themes Davidic Covenant – 7; 22:51; 23:1-7Davidic Covenant – 7; 22:51; 23:1-7 Glory of Israel and her kingGlory of Israel and her king

Prophesied by Hannah (divine reversal)Prophesied by Hannah (divine reversal) Present – (5:6-10, 17-25; 8:1-14; 10:1-19)Present – (5:6-10, 17-25; 8:1-14; 10:1-19) Future – See esp. 7:8-29Future – See esp. 7:8-29

The Ark and the Temple in Jerusalem!The Ark and the Temple in Jerusalem! 2 Samuel 6 – Brought to Jerusalem by David2 Samuel 6 – Brought to Jerusalem by David 2 Samuel 7 – David’s desire to build2 Samuel 7 – David’s desire to build 2 Samuel 15:24-29 – Remains in Jerusalem2 Samuel 15:24-29 – Remains in Jerusalem 2 Samuel 24 – The threshing floor of 2 Samuel 24 – The threshing floor of

AraunahAraunah

Major CharactersMajor Characters DavidDavid

Righteous (1:11-27; Righteous (1:11-27; 4:9-124:9-12; 6:5, 12-19; 7:2; ; 6:5, 12-19; 7:2; 8:15; 9; 8:15; 9; 24:2424:24))

Victorious (5:6-10, 17-25; 8:1-14; 10:1-19)Victorious (5:6-10, 17-25; 8:1-14; 10:1-19) Disobedient (11)Disobedient (11) Repentant (12:13)Repentant (12:13) Singer/Dancer (1:17-27; 6:14-16; 22:1-51)Singer/Dancer (1:17-27; 6:14-16; 22:1-51) Zealous/Passionate (1:19ff, 3:33ff, 6:8-9, 14-16, Zealous/Passionate (1:19ff, 3:33ff, 6:8-9, 14-16,

21; 12:5-6; 19:1-4)21; 12:5-6; 19:1-4) David’s SonsDavid’s Sons

Absalom (“My father is peace”) (3:3, 13-19; Absalom (“My father is peace”) (3:3, 13-19; 20:6)20:6)

Solomon (Jedidiah = “Loved by Yahweh”) (5:14; Solomon (Jedidiah = “Loved by Yahweh”) (5:14; 7:12-16; 12:24-25)7:12-16; 12:24-25)

Major Characters Major Characters (continued)(continued)

NathanNathan Samuel rebuked SaulSamuel rebuked Saul Nathan rebukes DavidNathan rebukes David Prophets will continue this role for years Prophets will continue this role for years

to cometo come Note who is missingNote who is missing

Philistines, Ammonites get a little inkPhilistines, Ammonites get a little ink Where is Egypt, Assyria, Babylon?Where is Egypt, Assyria, Babylon? God has given rest!God has given rest!

Major PlacesMajor Places Tyre (e.g., 2 Samuel 5:11)Tyre (e.g., 2 Samuel 5:11)

Important commercial cityImportant commercial city Will be important in Kings, prophetsWill be important in Kings, prophets

Damascus (e.g., 2 Samuel 8:5)Damascus (e.g., 2 Samuel 8:5) Residents called “Arameans”Residents called “Arameans” Also called SyriansAlso called Syrians Will be important in Kings, prophetsWill be important in Kings, prophets

Major Places (continued)Major Places (continued) Jerusalem!Jerusalem!

Original king: Melchizedek (Gen 14:18; Heb 7:1-2)Original king: Melchizedek (Gen 14:18; Heb 7:1-2) ““Historically, David’s conquering of Salem gave him Historically, David’s conquering of Salem gave him

the throne of Melchizedek” (Pettegrew) – Psa 110:4the throne of Melchizedek” (Pettegrew) – Psa 110:4 Adoni-zedek defeated by Joshua (Josh 10)Adoni-zedek defeated by Joshua (Josh 10) Inhabitants not driven out (Josh 15:63; 18:28)Inhabitants not driven out (Josh 15:63; 18:28) Defeated but not taken (Judg 1:7-8, 21; 19:10)Defeated but not taken (Judg 1:7-8, 21; 19:10) Location of Goliath’s head? (1 Sam 17:54)Location of Goliath’s head? (1 Sam 17:54) Captured by David (2 Sam 5)Captured by David (2 Sam 5) Location of the Ark, Temple (2 Sam 5, 24)Location of the Ark, Temple (2 Sam 5, 24) Capital of Israel (2 Sam 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 . . .)Capital of Israel (2 Sam 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 . . .) Protected by God (2 Sam 24:15)Protected by God (2 Sam 24:15)

Gihon Spring

Pool of Siloam

Kidron Valley

Central Valley

Gethsemane

City of David

Hinnom Valley

Hezekiah’s TunnelHezekiah’s Tunnel

2 Chronicles 32:30 It was Hezekiah who stopped the upper outlet of the waters of Gihon and directed them to the west side of the city of David

John 9:6-7 When He had said this, He spat on the ground, and made clay of the spittle, and applied the clay to his eyes, and said to him, "Go, wash in the pool of Siloam" (which is translated, Sent). And so he went away and washed, and came back seeing.

Time PeriodTime Period Solomon ruled from 970 BC onwards Solomon ruled from 970 BC onwards

(to be discussed later)(to be discussed later) David ruled for 40 years (2 Sam 5:5). David ruled for 40 years (2 Sam 5:5).

Therefore, his reign was from 1010 Therefore, his reign was from 1010 BC until 970 BC.BC until 970 BC.

Interpretative IssuesInterpretative Issues

2 Samuel 24:1 Now again the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and it incited David against them to say, "Go, number Israel and Judah."

1 Chronicles 21:1 Then Satan stood up against Israel and moved David to number Israel.

Interpretative Issues Interpretative Issues (continued)(continued)

“This is no contradiction for the Lord had simply allowed Satan to prompt David to an improper course of action in order that Israel might be punished and that David might be instructed. This is similar to the Lord’s permitting Satan to trouble Job (Job 1:12; 2:6) and His allowing an evil spirit to torment Saul (1 Samuel 16:14). In any case, the Lord

Interpretative Issues Interpretative Issues (continued)(continued)

Himself did not incite David to do evil, for ‘God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does He tempt anyone’ (James 1:13).”

Eugene H. Merrill Bible Knowledge Commentary Page 481

Cf. 1 Kings 22

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