Top Banner
Osteichthyes The Bony Fish
36

Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Jan 03, 2016

Download

Documents

Joan Harvey
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Osteichthyes

The Bony Fish

Page 2: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Class Osteichthyes

Characterized by having:• Bone in their skeleton • An operculum covering the gill openings• A swimbladder or lungs• True scales• Paired fins• Homocercal tail (Exception lungfish –

diphycercal)• Mouth terminal• Two chambered heart• Sexes separate (Sex reversal in some)• Fertilization external for most• Excrete ammonia

Page 3: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Class Osteichthyes

The bony fishes are the most diverse class of fish. ~24,000 species

Osteichthyes are divided into two subclasses

• The lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygians) • The ray-finned fish (Actinopterygians).*Most modern fish are members of the ray-

finned, Teleost subdivision.

Page 4: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 5: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 6: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Sarcopterygians

• Sarcopterygians are the fish most closely related to modern amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

• This subclass includes the lungfish and coelacanth. Coelacanth were thought to have become extinct at about the same time as the dinosaurs, until a live specimen was found in 1938

Page 7: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Sarcopterygians

• Characteristics:• Muscular lobe associated with fins• Have lungs for gas exchange• Live in areas with seasonal droughts• Can breathe air if water stagnates• Cannot withstand desiccation• Burrow in the mud • Have enamel on the teeth

Page 8: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Sarcopterygians

• Can survive drought by remaining in aestivation for 6 months or more

• Aestivation = dormant state

• After rain fills the lake or riverbed Lungfish emerge from their burrows to feed & reproduce

Page 9: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 10: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Lungfish - Found in Australia & Madagascar

Page 11: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Lungfish scales

• Cosmoid scales

Page 12: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Lungfish Circulation

Page 13: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Coelacanth

                                                   

         

Page 14: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Actinopterygians

• Ray-finned fish (Fins lack muscular lobes)

• Have swimbldders to regulate buoyancy

• ~23,900 species

Page 15: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Chondrosteans (Fresh water fish)

• Include stergeons and paddlefish• Stergeon eggs make caviar

Page 16: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Caviar = Sturgeon eggs

Page 17: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Paddlefish

Page 18: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Subdivisions of Teleostei

• Superorder Ostariophysi• Order Cypriniformes (minnows, carps)• Order Siluriformes (catfish)• Superorder Protacanthopterygii• Order Esociformes (pikes)• Order Osmeriformes (smelts)• Order Salmoniformes (salmon, trout, whitefish)• Superorder Paracanthopterygii• Order Gadiformes (cod, hakes, pollock)• Superorder Acanthopterygii• Order Percoidei (perches, snook, basses)• Order Pleuronectiformes (flounders, soles)• Order Perciformes (mackerel, tuna, swordfish)

Page 19: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Actinopterygians The Teleosts

• Teleosts are modern day ray-finned fish• Use their fins and body wall to push

against water for locomotion• Some secrete mucus to reduce friction• Most teleosts are carnivores swallowing

prey whole• Herring & paddlefish are filter feeders• Teleosts have pyloric ceca (outpockets

in the small intestine to increase absorption)

Page 20: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Ganoid Fish Scales

• Found on non-teleost bony fishes

• Usually diamond shaped bony scales

• “Heavy armor”

Page 21: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Cycloid Fish scales

• Found on teleost fishes

• Light, thin, & flexible

Page 22: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Ctenoid Fish Scales

• Teleost fishes• Have comblike

ridges along the exposed edge to reduce friction (drag)

Page 23: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Myomeres

Page 24: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 25: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Swimming mechanics

• Thrust- force in animal's direction 

• Lift- force opposite in right angles to the thrust 

• Drag- force opposite the direction of movement

Page 26: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.

Swimming mechanics

• Yaw – side to side movement of head

• Pitch – up and down movement of head

Page 27: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 28: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 29: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 30: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 31: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 32: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 33: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 34: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 35: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.
Page 36: Osteichthyes The Bony Fish. Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having: Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or.