TRIAL OSPE YR 1 TRIAL OSPE YR 1 RICHARD LONG RICHARD LONG BIRO AKADEMIK BIGSIB BIRO AKADEMIK BIGSIB
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TRIAL OSPE YR 1TRIAL OSPE YR 1
RICHARD LONGRICHARD LONG
BIRO AKADEMIK BIGSIBBIRO AKADEMIK BIGSIB
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Station 1Station 1
AA-- Gene P53,Gene P53,
BB-- cytochrome c,cytochrome c, CC-- Caspase(s)Caspase(s)
2. regulated physiological cell death / programmed2. regulated physiological cell death / programmed
cell death.cell death.
3. local environment and growth factors3. local environment and growth factors
(haemopoietic growth factor)(haemopoietic growth factor)
b.
a. Gene
P__
c.
c.
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AA -- Left testicular (ovarian) vein, BLeft testicular (ovarian) vein, B -- superior superior mesenteric artery, Cmesenteric artery, C -- iliacus muscle, Diliacus muscle, D -- psoas psoas
major musclemajor muscle
Branches of celiac trunk: Common hepaticBranches of celiac trunk: Common hepaticartery, Splenic artery, Left gastric arteryartery, Splenic artery, Left gastric artery
Station 2Station 2
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AA-- tendon, Btendon, B-- elastic cartilageelastic cartilage
AA ± ± homogenous matrix, fibroblasts, avascular homogenous matrix, fibroblasts, avascular
BB ± ± nonnon--homogenous matrix, elastic fibers inhomogenous matrix, elastic fibers inmatrix, layered by perichondrium,matrix, layered by perichondrium,
chondrocytes in lacunaechondrocytes in lacunae
Station 3Station 3
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AA-- skeletal muscle, Bskeletal muscle, B-- cardiac musclecardiac muscle
AA ± ± nucleus at periphery, no intercalated discsnucleus at periphery, no intercalated discs
BB ± ± nucleus at center, with intercalated discsnucleus at center, with intercalated discs Both are striated.Both are striated.
Station 4Station 4
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AA -- Serratus anterior muscle, BSerratus anterior muscle, B -- linea alba, Clinea alba, C --
tendinous intersection(s), Dtendinous intersection(s), D -- rectus abdominisrectus abdominis
muscle, Emuscle, E -- external oblique muscleexternal oblique muscle Rectus abdominis muscle¶s actionRectus abdominis muscle¶s action ± ± flexes theflexes the
trunk forwardtrunk forward
Station 5Station 5
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AA ± ± lower onelower one--third of esophagusthird of esophagus
BB ± ± upper oneupper one--third of esophagusthird of esophagus
AA ± ± smooth muscle, muscularis mucosae, nonsmooth muscle, muscularis mucosae, non--keratinized stratified squamous epitheliumkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
BB ± ± skeletal muscle, no muscularis mucosae,skeletal muscle, no muscularis mucosae,
nonnon--keratinized stratified squamous epitheliumkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Station 6Station 6
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AA -- Supraspinatus muscle, BSupraspinatus muscle, B -- spine of scapula, Cspine of scapula, C --subscapularis muscle, Dsubscapularis muscle, D -- axillary nerve, Eaxillary nerve, E --
musculocutaneous nervemusculocutaneous nerve Axillary nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor Axillary nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor
muscles.muscles.
Station 7Station 7
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AA-- serratus posterior inferior ms.serratus posterior inferior ms.
BB-- latissimus dorsi musclelatissimus dorsi muscle
CC-- trapezius muscletrapezius muscle
DD-- rhomboid minor musclerhomboid minor muscle
EE-- levator scapulae musclelevator scapulae muscle
FF-- teres major muscleteres major muscle Nerve supply Nerve supply-- accessory nerve (trapezius muscle),accessory nerve (trapezius muscle),
thoracodorsal nerve (latissimus dorsi muscle)thoracodorsal nerve (latissimus dorsi muscle)
Station 8Station 8
AB
CE
FD
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AA -- tibial nerve, Btibial nerve, B -- sciatic nerve, Csciatic nerve, C -- gracilis muscle, Dgracilis muscle, D
-- patella (ligament), E patella (ligament), E -- fibularis (peroneus) longusfibularis (peroneus) longus
musclemuscle
Gracilis muscle is supplied by obturator nerve.Gracilis muscle is supplied by obturator nerve.
The 2 actions of gracilis muscleThe 2 actions of gracilis muscle ± ± adducts thigh, flexesadducts thigh, flexes
knee, rotates leg mediallyknee, rotates leg medially
Station 9Station 9
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what are the organ of slide A and slide Bwhat are the organ of slide A and slide B AA -- lymph nodeslymph nodes
BB -- palatine tonsil palatine tonsil
give 3 characteristic of slide Agive 3 characteristic of slide A
there¶s primary and secondary nodules at the cortexthere¶s primary and secondary nodules at the cortex
medullary cords & sinus at medullamedullary cords & sinus at medulla
Subcapsular sinusSubcapsular sinus
give 3 characteristic of slide Bgive 3 characteristic of slide B lined by nonlined by non--keratinized stratisfied squamous epitheliumkeratinized stratisfied squamous epithelium
presence of tonsillar crypts presence of tonsillar crypts
Primary & secondary nodulesPrimary & secondary nodules
Mucus glands & striated muscles under tonsilsMucus glands & striated muscles under tonsils
Station 10Station 10
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neutrophilsneutrophils
2 morphological features:2 morphological features:
Nucleus has 2 Nucleus has 2--5 lobes5 lobes Granular cytoplasmGranular cytoplasm
2 functions:2 functions:
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis
Inflammatory mediatorsInflammatory mediators
Defence against invading microorganism.Defence against invading microorganism.
Station 11Station 11
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AA-- Superior rectus muscleSuperior rectus muscle
BB-- Tendon of superior oblique ms.Tendon of superior oblique ms.
CC-- medial rectus musclemedial rectus muscle
DD-- lateral rectus musclelateral rectus muscle
State the motor innervations of A, B, C and D.State the motor innervations of A, B, C and D.
A & CA & C ± ± Occulomotor nerve, BOcculomotor nerve, B ± ± Trochlear nerve, DTrochlear nerve, D ± ±
Abducent nerveAbducent nerve
PhotoreceptorsPhotoreceptors ± ± rods & conesrods & cones
Station 12Station 12
A
D
C B
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AA-- cingulate gyrus, Bcingulate gyrus, B -- corpus callosum, Ccorpus callosum, C -- septumseptum
pellucidum, D pellucidum, D -- 44thth
ventricle, Eventricle, E -- thalamus, Fthalamus, F --choroid plexus, Gchoroid plexus, G -- fornixfornix
Secretes cerebrospinal fluid.Secretes cerebrospinal fluid.
Station 13Station 13
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AA -- Orbicularis oculi muscle (orbital part), BOrbicularis oculi muscle (orbital part), B --
inferior belly of omohyoid muscle, Cinferior belly of omohyoid muscle, C --
supratrochlear artery, Dsupratrochlear artery, D -- parotid gland parotid gland Parotid gland opens opposite the 2Parotid gland opens opposite the 2ndnd upper upper
molar tooth.molar tooth.
Station 15Station 15
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AA ± ± jejunum, B jejunum, B ± ± duodenumduodenum
AA ± ± Villous, crypts of Lieberkuhn, GobletVillous, crypts of Lieberkuhn, Goblet
cells, simple columnar epitheliumcells, simple columnar epithelium BB ± ± Brunner¶s glands in submucosa, Villous,Brunner¶s glands in submucosa, Villous,
Goblet cells, crypts of Lieberkuhn, simpleGoblet cells, crypts of Lieberkuhn, simple
columnar epitheliumcolumnar epithelium
Station 16Station 16
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1)Name the process that occurs ? 2M
RBC @ Bilirubin metabolism (Hb catabolism)
2)What are X, Y, Z ? 3M
X ± spleen, bone marrow or liver (either one)
Y ± Albumin
Z ± Liver
3)What is the substance that is conjugated to bilirubin
in organ Z? 2M
Glucoronic Acid
4)What is the effect to this process if organ Z is damaged? 3M
bilirubin can¶t be conjugated, increase unconjugated bilirubin in blood, presence of bilirubin in blood
Station 17Station 17 RBC
Break down
into haem
& globin
Organ X
Transported
Via
Protein Y
Undergo
conjugation
Organ Z
Conjugatedbilirubin
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AA ± ± inferior vena cavainferior vena cava
BB ± ± ligamentum teres (round lig. of liver)ligamentum teres (round lig. of liver)
CC ± ± Quadrate lobeQuadrate lobe
DD ± ± bare area of liver bare area of liver
Ductus venosusDuctus venosus
Main blood vessel supplying nutrient: Portal veinMain blood vessel supplying nutrient: Portal vein --75%75%
(Hepatic art. only supply 25% of total blood flow)(Hepatic art. only supply 25% of total blood flow)
Station 18Station 18 A
B
C
¡
a)¢
a£
akan struktur yang berlabel A, B, C dan
b) Senaraikan tiga (3) struktur yang£
e£
bentuk bahagian¡
18)
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AA ± ± cervix, Bcervix, B ± ± ovaryovary
AA ± ± simple columnar epithelium, cervicalsimple columnar epithelium, cervical
glands in lamina propia, unarranged smoothglands in lamina propia, unarranged smoothmuscle, squamous epithelium near vaginamuscle, squamous epithelium near vagina
BB ± ± simple cuboidal (germinal) epithelium,simple cuboidal (germinal) epithelium,
loose connective tissue & vessels in medulla,loose connective tissue & vessels in medulla,
follicles in various stages of development infollicles in various stages of development in
cortexcortex
Station 19Station 19
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Hb = 6.0 g/dL, RBC = 2.0 X 10Hb = 6.0 g/dL, RBC = 2.0 X 101212/L, PCV = 0.2/L, PCV = 0.2
MCV = PCV/RBCMCV = PCV/RBC
= 0.2 / (2 X 10= 0.2 / (2 X 101212))
= 1 X 10= 1 X 10--1313
LL MCH = Hb/RBCMCH = Hb/RBC
= 6 / (2 X 10= 6 / (2 X 101212))
= 3 X 10= 3 X 10--1212 gg
MCHC = Hb/PCVMCHC = Hb/PCV= 6 / 0.2= 6 / 0.2
= 30 g/dL= 30 g/dL
Station 20Station 20
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1) Thyroid gland1) Thyroid gland2) Characteristics:2) Characteristics:
1. Lumen of follicles filled with colloid1. Lumen of follicles filled with colloid
2. The follicular epithelium2. The follicular epithelium -- a simple squamous to cuboidala simple squamous to cuboidal
or low columnar epitheliumor low columnar epithelium3. A thin connective tissue capsule surrounds the gland3. A thin connective tissue capsule surrounds the gland
4. The capsule extends into the parenchyma as trabeculae4. The capsule extends into the parenchyma as trabeculae
5. Parafollicular cells in between follicles5. Parafollicular cells in between follicles
Arterial blood supply: Sup. & inf. Thyroid art.Arterial blood supply: Sup. & inf. Thyroid art.
Station 21Station 21
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AA-- prostate, B prostate, B-- ejaculatory duct, Cejaculatory duct, C-- UrinaryUrinary
bladder, D bladder, D-- Epididymis, EEpididymis, E-- seminal vesicleseminal vesicle
Arterial blood supply of AArterial blood supply of A -- Inferior vesicalInferior vesicalartery & middle rectal arteryartery & middle rectal artery
Station 23Station 23
C
A
B
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AA-- coronary sinus, Bcoronary sinus, B-- ligamentum arteriosum (NOT ductusligamentum arteriosum (NOT ductus
arteriosus) Carteriosus) C-- anterior Interventricular arteryanterior Interventricular artery
SA node supplied by right coronary art (SA nodal art.) in 60% of SA node supplied by right coronary art (SA nodal art.) in 60% of
individuals.individuals. Sympathetic cardiac plexus (T2~T4) & vagus nerve.Sympathetic cardiac plexus (T2~T4) & vagus nerve.
Station 24Station 24
Left bronchus
Coronary sinus
esophagus
Ligamentum
arteriosum
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Explain procedure [1]Explain procedure [1]
Permission [1]Permission [1]
Ask patient to roll up sleeve [1]Ask patient to roll up sleeve [1]
Select appropriate cuff size [1]Select appropriate cuff size [1]
Correct positioning of cuff & bladder [1]Correct positioning of cuff & bladder [1]
Test its¶ tightness [1]Test its¶ tightness [1]
Inflate & deflate bladder while taking correct reading [1]Inflate & deflate bladder while taking correct reading [1]
Inform patient of his/her reading [1]Inform patient of his/her reading [1]
Thank the patient [1]Thank the patient [1] Keep equipmentKeep equipment ± ± make sure bladder isn¶t still inflated & it¶smake sure bladder isn¶t still inflated & it¶s
switched off [1]switched off [1]
Station 25Station 25