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tl nptide|fi oi zl eiptirntn oi }howmiri GnA | Lrwh}*
pdhj }iwfijlet|%
El}wnaritfknrh k
netlcwntlt GnA
Gnfitlwifen p|pwltn }hfntnudna fnol*wi n ptwieiudna olflci n ki gnzl eip*tir fklen oieip% Olflci n ki PEPO*i&pi }wlopkloendhj Jnfhwiohj Oh*ondhj ei ulf|& ohfi{n | Piwi kl rh eieipti rid wi{ch rhwi pi olflci n*
khj PO]*i GnA& dh k| }wlorhon[fitdh Fic|jomn ki% Jlv|ptwieiudnp|pwltn p nfklj eichogl dh ki gn oh*
Jici{neh rnz kl wldih oi zl plwi{ch riwitn n h Rnphdhj p|opdhj nt|mnfiudhj rn klz| GnA%
Fnolw AO[*i GnA Owicie Uh rnzpiptih pl k|ulw pi Fic|jomn khj& ip|pwlt kl njih n pi Fk|gnzlj% ]wlo*
pkloen n AO[GnA n AO[*i 9>>=wi{ch riwifn p| h piwioekn orn kl ptwie*dl& ifn n h |d|}ehk }hfntnudhk pnt|i n*
kn | GnA& }hplgeh h }wldhj}h{n n* kn rfiptn ei owmi rehk n blolwifehk wi*{nen% Ekna orh kn i p| dheptith rifn oizl ori AO[*i eipti rntn ohpioiek|piwioek|& i }ht rwonfn p| n {i kloenudneipt|} | }wlch rhwnji h wldhe*ptw|d`n kn Rn klzi jnenptiwi n RfiolBGnA% Fnolwn ori AO[*i p| {idfk|*unfn oi ohgwi piwioeki ei rwa| twl*gi gntn }wh rlolei n ei enmnj wi{nei*ji& i ohch rhwle kl n pdhwn p|pwlt ol*flci n ki hrl orn kl ptwiedl% Ei thjp|pwlt| ori AO[*i gn twlgifi wi{*ch riwitn h g|o|zhk piwioekn& ifn n|p}hpti rn h}znepdna rn klzi ei tljl*
fk| wl{|ftiti h}znepdna n{ghwi% Uh* rnz n Fk|gnz huld| k| oi zl pl pfklol*zna oiei dwh{ gnfitlwifel piptiedl}hfntnudna fnolwi oh dwi ki npdwnptifn*{nwitn }iwfijletiwei rlznei n oi zlpl heoi pi{ritn {i kloenudn piptieid }wlopkloendi ptwieidi%
* Ei thj piptied| gn& hpnj }ht*
rwvnrieki }iwfijletiwel rlznel npipti ri Rn klzi jnenptiwi& gnfh ch rh*wi n h }wh rlogn }wlp|ol L|wh}pdh*ci p|oi {i fk|opdi }wi ri n{ Ptwipgh*|wci | }wlojlt| Plkonz n Bne`n& tlow|cnj gntenj wlbhwjiji | GnAdh kl gn eh ri rfioi k|zi rlznei }wh*
]wlopkloentrh AO[*i GnAAO[GnA k|ulw kl howmih n pkloen*
`| }whnwlehc ]wlopkloentri | Dn*plfkid| ei dh khk pl eik rnl wip}wir *fkifh h ieifn{n dheiuena wl{|ftiti fh*difena n{ghwi& ifn n h idt|lfehk }h*fntnudhk pnt|i`n kn& hoehpeh |p}hpti*
rn rfiptn ei prnj en rhnji% Nptide|*th kl oi kl AO[GnA ei }hpfkloeknjfhdifenj n{ghwnji | GnA& gl{ Cwi*oi Jhptiwi& hprh knh >1%133 cfiph ri&ifn n rnl ho 2= }hpth awritpdna cfi*ph ri | GnA%
* Ei nen`n kitn r| n }he|vlel jie*oitl n{ tna pwlonei& ]wlopkloentrhAO[GnA kl kloehcfipeh }wnaritn*fh hof|d| h wip}|tiek| h}znepdnahwcien{i`n ki AO[GnA | Rntl{|&Dwll r|& Homid| n [len n% ]wlopkl*oend AO[*i GnA& {ijklend }wlopkl*oendi AO[*i GnA& tl ultnwn oh*}wlopkloendi AO[GnA | prh khk zldhhwonei n kn m|weh }wheizn eiune}wh rlogl |e|tiwptwieiudna n{ghwi| n{wi rehj dhetidt| pi h}zne*
Hpehrei tlji wi{chrhwi gnfi kl |p}hptirfkie kl pi*wioekl ga% dhj}ien ki eijklepdl neo|ptwn kl | owmi*rehj rfipentr| pi hrnj prkltpdn }wn{eitnj n }h{ei*tnj }whn{rhviunji eihw|mieki n j|en`n kl% Nptide|*ti kl p}wljehpt oi pl |p}hptirn }iwtelwpdn hoehppi ow|trnji eijklepdl }whn{rhoekl dh kn gn pl {i*
penrih ei gi{n wl`n}wh`ntlti& hoehpeh oi pl eldnjdhj}ien kiji n{ GnA& dh kl {i th nji k| netlwlp& }w|*mn }wnfndi oi |ulptr| k| | }wh`lp| }whn{rhoeklhowlvlena on klfhri eihw|mieki n j|en n kl& ifn n }he|*ol howlvlen }whn{rhon {i dh kl eii eijklepdi ne*o|ptwn ki nji }htwlg|%
]hplgeh kl n{wimle netlwlp oi pl uldl dhj}i*en kl eiv| pi chthrnj }whn{rhonji ei twmnt| GnA dih
}iwtelwn howlvlena owmirena ptw|dt|wi% ]wnrwloen`nn{ Uldl p| n{wi{nfn p}wljehpt oi pl |dfk|ul n | }wh*`lp ptieoiwon{i`n kl ga% eijklepdl }whn{rhoekl n ekl*eh ohrhvlekl | hdrnwl Lrwh}pdl |en kl n EI _H*i%
Endnz kl npdi{ih htrhwlehpt {i piwioek| pi dhj*}ien kiji n{ Uldl& eicfipnrn uneklen`| oi kl hri
rfioi }wl}h{eifi {eiuik eijklepdl neo|ptwn kl n |thj pjnpf| |wionfi ohpti ei eklehk wlrntifn{i`n kn tloi kl pijh | }whfhk chonen n{rh{ hw|mki n j|en`n*
kl oi pl nol oifkl ho }hfntnudhc wn rif*ptri% Mlfnjh rnokltn ptignfe| n }whp}l*wntlte| {ljfk|& dh ki zl {i|{ltn jklp*th | lrwh}pdnj n twiepitfietpdnjptw|dt|wiji% Mlfnj gntn kipei& riig|o|zehpt kl | L\% Rii }lwp}ldtn*
ri {i L\ kl wlifei n nji kloehcfipe|}howd|& }hw|unfi kl Ipathe tl oh*oifi; ‖Fk|on mlfl oi pl wkli ri k| }n*tieki }wn rwlol& rfioi rnel }wi ri& eh*
rna wioena jklpti% Elji rwljlei
{i twhlekl ei wi{ch rhwl h el}hpth* kiek| owmi rehptn hrl {ljfkl‚%
Ei}hjle|fi kl oi kl |di{ifi ufi*eh rnji ]wlopkloentri GnA oi wiol{i kloeh prnj }hfntnudnj peiciji oign pl }hptncih gw{ ei}wloid ei }|*t| di L\%
* ]wrn }wnhwntlt kl oi pl np}ht| klhof|di Lrwh}pdhc p|oi {i fk|opdi}wi ri | pf|ui k| Plkonz * Bne`n& th zlhjhc|zntn oi L\ pti rn ei peic|P}hwi{|j h ptignfn{i n kn n }wnow|mn*
riek|% GnA zl gntn hjhc|zleh oi}wlo|{jl eiwloel dhwidl di netl*cwi n kn L\& ifn Ji}i }|ti kl n oifkldfk|uei {i }hdi{n riekl }hprl zl*ehptn lrwh}pdnj netlcwi n kiji% Rnnjitl ei| ptife| }howd| n jn np*dwleh mlfnjh oi GnA |p}n kl% Rn thjhmltl |wiontn& wldfi kl Ipathe%
]wlopkloi ri k|zn ]wlopkloentriGnA Gidnw N{ltglch rnz {iarifnh kl L\
n PIO*| ei }how n dh k| p| }w|mifln eiptir fki k| }w|mitn }wh`lpnji |e|*twiekna n p}hfkena netlcwi n ki {l*jfkl% Nptidih kl n oi kl }hpklti |ri*mlena chzn peimei }ht rwoi o|gh*dl }hprlzlehptn PIO*i n L\ }wljiGnA dh kl p| n ohpioi ne rlptnwifl
hcwhjie ei}hw n pwloptri | |p}hp*tir fkie kl jnwi | GnA%]hw|unh kl n oi twle|ten {ipthk | wl*
bhwjpdnj }wh`lpnji jhwi gntn }wl* ri{nvle%
* PIO n L\ zl }hjhzn& ifn }hpihjhwi k| oi |wiol ohjizn fnolwn% _hzl |unentn dioi }wl ri{nv| |pdl netl*wlpl& n{iv| n{ }htwhlena ei`nheifnp*tnudna igfhei& rnl cfloi k| | g|o|*zehpt n }hptnce| dhj}whjnpl& di{ih
kl N{ltglch rnz& ei}hjle|r n oi plprn jhwijh }hprltntn n{cwioekn {i*
k|ulw dheblwle`n khj {i eh rnei*wl ei dh khk p| pl hgwitnfn }wlopkl*oi ri k|zn [i kloenudl dhjnpn kl {ilrwh}pdl netlcwi`n kl ]PGnA Ai*fno Cleki` n }wlopkloi ri k|zn Ol*flci`n kl Lrwh}pdhc }iwfijleti{i piwioek| pi {ljfkiji k|chnp*
thuel Lrwh}l Lo|iwo D|die%Hghptwien ei}hwn
]iwfijletiwel olflci`n kl p|wi{ch riwifl h }htwlgenj }wh*jkleiji | }wh rhvlek| }wlp|olPlkonz * Bne`n& ph`nh*ldhehj*pdnj }ntieknji ei prnj en rhnji&}hpfklon`iji |fipdi Awritpdl| L\ n ptiek| ptwiena ne rlptn`n ki| GnA pi hp rwthj ei t|wn{ij%
* Prl hrl hgfiptn pjh {i kl*oenudhj onpd|pn khj }wltwlpfnnji k|zn | rno| }hplgeh }hpfkl*oekn n{ rkltik h ei}wltd| GnA%N{orh knh gna ori }ntieki dh ki p|n{|{lteh rimei * wl`n}wh`ntltF|dl ]fhul n }whfi{ dwh{ El|j&
dih n fnglwifn{i n ki rn{ehc wlmnji%\ }hcflo| }ntieki F|di ]fhul *El|j }h{eith kl oi twle|teh}hpth kn wl`n}wh`ntlt hoehpi% Dwh{
El|j pl dwlz| whgl n dio Awrit*pdi |vl | L\& th zl gntn dwltiekln{rie L\ dwh{ El|j& i }wlji]fhuiji nol whgi n{ GnA n | GnA&n th zl gntn dwltiekl whgi dwh{ }h*ow|ukl L\& di{ih kl Cleki`%
He kl nptidih n }hwipt gwh ki fk|*on n{ GnA dh kn twiml i{nf | {ljfki*ji Lrwh}pdl |en kl% Ei piptied|
prl heh th kl gnfh }htwlgeh oipl |wion | }hcflo| pnc|wehptncwien`i n ow|cna pnc|wehpena }n*tieki ghpiepdhalw`lch riudiptwiei ohpio drifntlteh wionfi%
* Jlv|tnj& th huncfloeh en kl oh* rhfkeh% Dhflcl n{ Lrwh}pdhc }iw*fijleti p| eij di{ifl oi hgwi*
tnjh }imek| ei wkli riekl ph`n kif*ena n ow|cna }ntieki cw|}i nfn }h*}|fi`n ki dh kl p| eikulzn twimnfi`i{nfi& i th p| jieknepdl cw|}l& eik*
ulzl Whjn& n oi n ei tik eiune pji*eknjh tik twleo% Jn pjh p eilptwiel twimnfn oi pl GnA pti rn |cw|}| pnc|wena {ljifki th p| kheldl {ljfkl |wionfl% Oidfl& jhwi*jh hghptwieh unentn ei}hwl didhel gnpjh |cwh{nfn fnglwifn{i n k| rn*{ehc wlmnji& wldih kl Cleki`%
tn | BGnA8* ]htwlgeh kl pijh |prh kntn {idhe h Rfion BGnA n i|thjitn{jhj pkloijh oiwi{ch riwijh h wldheptw|d`n kn Rfiol BGnA%
]h klone`n el jhc| pklptn p }wlopkloendhjBGnA n wi{ch riwitn h wldheptw|d`n kn Rfiol%Ohd cho pl th el ohchon& elzl ohzn en ohwldheptw|d`n kl Rfiol% Hri }it*}h{n`n ki elhoch riwi endhj|& }hplgeh cwivienji |GnA% Npth tidh& AP] elzl ei}|ptntn rfipt ohd pl el |prh kn {idhe h Rfion BGnA% _idh ml*fnjh }hdi{itn oi kl netlwlp awritpdhci
eiwhoi np}wlo pridl }h{n`n kl% Eidhe thciwi{ch riwijh h prlj| n |rimi rit zljh}iwfijletiwe| rlzne|% Eh& }wn kl thci PO]jhwi p|wivnritn pi POI n np}htn ritn heh th
[ijklend }wlopkloiri k|zlc Rn klzijnenptiwi GnA n jnenptiw bneiepn ki n twl*{hwi Endhfi T}nwnz piptih pl k|ulw | Pi*wi klr| pi ijgipiohwhj Pfhrlen kl |GnA Ieowl klj Cwiplfn klj& kirfki Blei%
Ei piptied| kl nptide|th oi GnA n Pfh*rlen ki nji k| ohgwl gnfitlwifel hoehpl&tl oi p| ldhehjpdl rl{l hkiuiel dwh{{eiuikel nerlptn`n kl pfhrleiudna }wn*rwloendi | GnA% ]hplgei }imeki }hprl*
zlei kl P}hwi{|j| h }ntieknji p|d`l*pn kl gnrl PBWK dh knj pl ciwiet| kl rwi*ziekl njhrnel dh ki }wn}ioi {ljfkiji p|*d`lphwnji n eknahrnj cwivien ji& tl hp*triwnriek| }wnritena n ptlulena }wiri% Cwi*plfn kl nptidih oi zl Pfhrlen ki n oifkl oi*ritn prlpwoe| }howd| GnA ei eklehj }|*t| di L\%
]le{nkl nptl n | 7=90%Np}fiti hdthgiwpdna }le{n ki }hult zl
| }heloklf kid& <% ehrljgwi 7=97& hof|*unh kl k|ulw | Jhptiw| \}wiren hoghw bl*olwifehc [irhoi ]NH(JNH% Dhlbn n klet {ihgwiu|e hdthgiwpdna wlohrena }le{n ki hp*tih kl nptn n n{ehpn 9&30& i {i }le{n kl dh*
Fnolw AO[*i GnA Owicie Uh rnz}heh reh kl |{g|wdih o|ah rl |cwio| ei Elwltrn di{ir n didh klJhptiw rlz }hhoi reh ‖pthfen cwioawritpdhci eiwhoi | GnA‚% \ on kifh*dhk ljnpn kn GA_*i ‖_wlzi ptwiei‚& |dh khk kl p|oklfh rih {i kloeh pi }wlo*pkloendhj POI P|flkjiehj _nan*zlj& Uh rnz kl wldih didh kl uneklen*`i oi kl Jhptiw awritpdn pthfen cwio&ifn n oi kl npth rwljleh cwio Gheki*di& Pwgi n prna hptifna eklch rna pti*eh rendi% Eh& rn klzen n | jhptiw*pdhj Cwiopdhj rn klz| wi{fnunthcfloi k| ei hrl n{ki rl%
GnA | jifhj* Jhptiw kl gnh& i n oieip kl& tl th
twlgi n hptitn pwlontl Awriti& Gheki*di& Pwgi n prna hptifna eklch rnacwiviei% _dh cho dwlel di wi{gn ki*ek| tl dhe`l}`n kl& cokl Jhptiw }wlo*ptir fki GnA | jifhjl& tik nol di wi*{gn kiek| owmi rl GnA% Oi riekl gnfhdidrna itwng|ti dh knji pl ei`nheif*eh prh kiti Jhptiw& oh rhon oh wi{gn*kieki owmi rehptn GnA% Jnpfnj oi klJhptiw pijh }hultid gwhkena }wh*gflji dh kn zl pl |di{itn& hoehpehdh kn pl rlz |di{| k| | GnA% Pjitwijoi kl hrh prl pijh |rho | |pti rel}whjklel | {ljfkn& wldih kl Biw|d Z|}nei& rn klzend | Cwiopdhj rn kl*z| Jhptiwi%
Pfnueh wi{jnfki n J|wit Zhwnz&}wlopkloend Cwiopdhc rn klzi% He kldi{ih didh h Jhptiw| el twlgi ch*rhwntn dih h pthfehj cwio| gnfh dh*klc eiwhoi& elch h cwio| {i prlcwiviel Jhptiwi%
* N{rhwen }wne`n}n hwcien{i`n kl
Jhptiwi p| oi reh |t rwvlen% Prn hendh kn pl el rwizi k| ei n{rhwel }wne*`n}l& ho rnphdhci }wlopti rendi }ieioifkl& ho Jhptiwi }hd|i ri k|}wi rntn wi{fnuntl ld p}lwnjletl% _i*dhvlw& prn hen dh kn wiol ei n{jklei*ji Ptit|ti jhwi k| pl rwitntn ein{rhwel }wne`n}l hwcien{i n kl Jhp*tiwi n{ 9>>?% n 9>><% chonel% _ld ti*oi zl pl jhzn wi{ch riwitn h oifke khkhwcien{i n kn cwioi% \ }whtn rehjl&twlgi ch rhwntn nji fn Wl}|gfndlPw}pdl& klw kl n hei ei nptn eiune ei*}wir fklei& wldih kl Zhwnz%
}|`ieki ei plfh _w|pnei oh ekleld|zl ohih Nrie Owfkh n wldih oi pl
ekle p|}w|c jhwi }wloitn& eidheulci kl he htnih pi Owfkhj%* Jlen& plptwn n okl`n kl wluleh oi
noljh | kloe| d|z|% Eidhe thcipjh dwle|fn }wlji Ci k|% Rhken n p|gnfn pi eiji& i jlv| eknji n kloeimlei rhkend% Ohd pjh nfn& hei kl ch*rhwnfi oi prl twlgi }hfntn n {i}ifntn
gle{nehj& di{ifi kl prklohdneki%Lone Omldh& gnr n }wn}ioend kl*
pnfi dhjlpiwi Wij| Gwdnzi n _|*mnfitrh }hdwle|fh }hpt|}id {ihwcien{nwien dwnjneif%
[itwimlei nptwici* P hg{nwhj ei th oi eip kl }wl*
jn klw Aijon ki Fn}h riui | eldhfn*dh ei rwiti }wh{n rih | jlon knji oie|onjh dhlwl }iwi }hpfien njioi pi eiji hwjnwi k| rlzne|& twi*mnjh ho }wnp|tehc jnenptwi }hfn n*
kl oi anteh }wh rlol nptwic|& klw gn plwionfh h dwnjneif|% Lth rij Fn}h*
riul& twimntl j| tl ohdi{l& di{ih kl}wlopkloend dietheifel POI LpioGiicnz%
]hpfien n POI p| wlohj h}t|mn* rifn Rfio| n }wljn klwi oi pdnoi}wlornvlei pwloptri pi rimen knadhoh ri& oi gn oh}|eki rih g|omlt*pdl wl{lw rl dh knji Fn}h riui wip}h*fiml% \ }wnfhc thjl }h{n ri k| pl ei
ei rho | Pf|mglehj cfipend|& coklp| ei tidir eiune }wl|pjklwleipwloptri ho 99=%>7= jiwidi eijn*
eiepnkpdh*tlaenudn jiel riw% En*pjh }h r|dfn ti pwloptri | wl{lw r|&n{|{lr oi gnpjh na |}fitnfn H}znen
Rlfndi Dfio|i wion wl|eonwieki& di*{ih kl Fn}h riui& i ei twimlekl POIoi pl }hfn n kn hunt| kl h ei rhonji hd|}h rnen }hpfiendi n dh lwnji eh*
ri i& en kl pl hp rwtih& hptir fki k|zn th| ohjle oel reh}hfntnudhc }wl*}|`i rieki%
B% GLEOLW
]hfn`nkpdn dhjlpiw
ei uldiek|
[ipkloifi Pd|}tnei \PD*i
Rlz ow|c| chone| dipen bhwjnwiekl
el{irnpehc hoghwi& dhkn twlgidheiueh njlehritn n dhjlpiwi
]h rhohj wl rn{n kl | hgfiptn ghwiudh*ne rifno*
pdl {itntl& dh ki kl |{lfi jiai | \epdh*piepdhjdiethe|& Pi rl{ witena rhkena ne rifnoi \PD*ihowmih kl }wlp*dhelwle n k| ei dh khk p| pih}zn*fn oi kl ‖jlon nepdhj wl rn{n khj‚ n{ }wi ri n{rl*oleh 9<= witena rhkena ne rifnoi& 1= }hpth n{ h}zn*el @i{ne& tl oi kl |jiekle ptl}le ne rifnoehp*tn {i kh 92= ekna%
* Hrh kl {igwneki ri k|zl& dih }wrh& n{ n klfl Bl*olwi n kl n{ }wi ri kl n{rloleh ?7= WRN*ki& i {itnjn {ghc uneklen l oi kl wl rn{n ki | eilj diethe|tld }hulfi& di{ih kl Lone Ohji{lt& }wlopkloend Pi rl{i WRN*ki \PD*i%
rend| dh kn }wlornvi oi | hridrnjpnt|i`n kiji n dho& wl`njh& el|*pri kieki n{ rklti ki h wio| Rfiol&twlznei {ipt|}endi jhml }hdwl*e|tn }wh`lo|w| h cfipiek| h }h*
rklwlek| Rfion [OD*i% Huld|* klj n }hfntnud| hof|d| | thj}wir | oi }hdwleljh }wh`l*
o|w| h n{cfipi riek| el}h rklwl*eki Rfion‚& n{ki rnh kl k|ulw {iHpfhghvlekl Ngwianj ]fieunz&}wlopkloend Df|gi POI | dieth*eifehk Pd|}tnen%
He kl nptidih didh kl ‖}htwhl*eh 99= jnfnhei jiwidi n oiPd|}tnei kloehpti reh en kl oi*fi picfipehpt ei tidrh twhlekl
ehr i‚& tl oi zl pl |pdhwh rnokl*tn oi fn Rfioi nji }h rklwlekl {ioifkn wio%
Ehri rlznei\ idt|lfehk }iwfijletiwehk
rlznen PO]& PGG& AO[ n EPWGnji k| 7= ho 0< jklpti | Pd|}tn*en% \ pf|ui k| prl n{ rklpen klc }wn*dfiekie ki twhkdl n{ EPWG*i eh rhk
dhifn`n kn& ei un klj ulf| kl }hgkl*oend fhdifena n{ghwi POI& i t| p|
kh PGnA& G]P n el{i rnpen dieon*oit [inj Njijh rnz& tioi gn nji*fn hjklw 91;93 | eknah r| dhwnpt%
_idh gn eidhe Rfiol DietheiPiwi kl rh |pdhwh jhcfi }iptn n
Rfioi [OD*i%J% OIKNZ
]ioi n Rfioi [OD*i8
G|omlt gl{ {lflehc prkltfi
_whkl {ipt|}endi Eiwhoel ptwiedl Wiohj {i ghfkntid& unkn p| cfiphrn dfk|uen |hof|`n h }iwfijletiwehk rlznen& n{hptifh pi pkloen`l
dfl& gwnci }wlchflji& i eieiji& hphgnth N{ltglch rnz|
kl oi j| g|oljh {iarifen{ghc eklch rna ehzn }whgokl*
rlena p jnfk| ei Ghpe| ei*}izle|% Tth kl ei twic| }wh*fhtkloel trwoekl Wioh rieiDiwiomnzi& dh kn kl& elcnwi k|znh}t|men`|& |pwlo Aiici np}i*fnh didh j| cwivien eil {l*jfkl twlgi k| gntn {iarifen th
kl ptih ei ul fh pw}pdl dhfhelwiena ol rlolpltna% Oi ki en*pij& trwon ow% Oignz& gnh }wlo*pkloend& Ghekidi |h}zl el gngnfh) I Wl}|gfndi Pw}pdi gn pl}whptnwifi ei `n klfhk tlwnthwn kn!gnr l. K|chpfi rn kl)
Kipeh& Diwiomnz }hd|i*
ri |dwiptn !aiidn. pahs tijh rlz ohdi{iehjpahsjie|& {i}wi rh _w*
_wc owmirehptn 'Ifn ki N{ltglchrnz' gw% 3 biq; $$013 !=. 02 ( 372*9=911?== DHEKN@ Wi u|ehrhoptrh;$$013 !=. 02 ( 372*9?3
Gwhk; 9* (7=97Dhekn`& 7<% 9=% 7=97% chonel
Ei hpehr| ufi ehri 3% n 1% [i dhei h jnenptiw pdnj& rfi onenj n ow|cnj njlehri eknji Blolwi n kl Ghpel n Alw lchrnel !Pf% ehrn*el BGnA gwhk; 0?( =0.& ufi ei 22% [i dhei h {owirptrlehk {i tntn !Pf% ehrnel BGnA gwhk; ?2(9=. n ufi ehri 77% n 7>% Pti t|ti K[\ 'Cwio*pdi i}htldi Dhekn`' Dhekn`& \}wi ren hoghw ei pkloen`n howmi ehk 7<% 9=% 7=97% chonel ohenh kl hof|d| dh khj pl wi p}np| kl;
D H E D \ W P{i n{ghw n njlehriekl onwldthwi K[\ 'Cwiopdi i}htldi Dhekn`' Dhekn`
Hgkirfk| kl pl ki ren dhed|wp {i n{ghw n njlehri ekl onwldthwi Ki rel {owirptrlel |pti ehrl 'Cwiopdi i}htldi Dhekn`' Dhekn`ei }lwnho ho ? chonel%
H}np }hpfhri;* hw ci en{| kl n w|dhrhon wi ohj i}htldl4* }wloptirfki n {ipt|}i i}htld| }wlji twlznj fn`nji4* }wlo|{nji prl }wi rel wi oekl | njl n {i wi u|e i}htldl4* {ipt|}i i}htld| | prnj }hpt|}`nji }wlo p|ohrnji& |}wi renj n ow|cnj owmi renj hw ci enji4* }wlofi ml hpehrl }hpfhrel }hfntndl& }whcwi jl wi oi n }fie wi {rh ki4* }whrhon hof|dl \}wi rehc hoghwi4* }hoehpn }npi en n{rkltik \}wi rehj hoghw| eikji ekl kloie}|t chonekl4* }whrhon }wn klj n wi p}hwlo {i }hpflendi4* njle| kl n wi {wkli ri w|dhrhonh`l hw ci en{i nhena n }hpfhrena klonen`i dih n pf|mgn4* ohehpn prl hof|dl | rl{n pi {i penri eklj n wipdnohj wi oehc hoehpi | pdfi o| pi {i dhehj4
* oi k l o wmirfki ene GnA4* oi kl pti wn kn ho 91 chonei4* oi en kl ht}|tle n{ owmi rel pf|mgl dih wl{|ftit onp`n}fnepdl jklwl ei gnfh dh klj enrh| | Ghpen n Alw lchrnen | wi{*
ohgfk| ho 0 chonel }wn kl |}wimeklel }h{n`n kl4* oi pl ei eklci el hoehpn ufie QN 9% \pti ri GnA%
G% ]hplgen |pfhrn;* oi nji {i rwle biw ji l|t pdn bi d|ftlt4* oi nji }hfhmle ptw|uen np}nt4* oi nji eikji ekl }lt chonei wi oehc npd|ptri | ptw|`n4* oi en kl hp|vnrie {i dwnrnueh oklfh& hoehpeh oi pl }whtnr eklci el rhon dwnrnuen }hpt|}id dh kn }wloptirfki pjltek| {i
hgirfkie kl b|ed`n kl onwldthwi4* oi np}|eki ri |pfhrl }wh}npi el [i dhehj h p|dhg| netlwlpi | neptnt|`n ki ji rfiptn GnA !Pf% cfi pend GnA gw% 90(=7.%
\{ }wn ki rl dieonoi ti& dh kl twlgi oi pi owml dwi z| gnhcwi bn k|& iowlp|& dhetidt*tlflbhe }htwlgeh kl }wnfhmntn pfn klolz| ohd|* jleti n k|;
* \rklwlekl h owmirfkieptr| !el pti wn kl ho 2 jklpl`n.4* N{rho n{ ji tnuel dekncl whvlena !el pti wn kn ho 2 jklpl`n.4* N{ki rl dieonoi ti ei ifnel k| 0 n ? n{ ti udl I n ei ifnel k| < n{ ti udl G4* On}fhj| h {i rwlehj bi d|ftlt|4* \rklwlekl h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj np}nt|4* \rklwlekl h wi oehj npd|ptr|4* \rklwlekl oi pl el rhon dwnrnuen }hpt|}id !el pti wn kl ho 0 jklpl`i.&* ]wn klofhc }whcwi ji wi oi n wi {rh ki i}htldl%
Ohd|jletn dh kn pl twi ml }h dhed|w p| jhwi k| gntn hwncnei fn nfn hrklwlel bhthdh}n kl& el pti wn kl ho 0 jklpl`i%Dhed|wp hpti kl htrhwle 9< oi ei ho oi ei }hpfkloeklc hgkirfknrie ki& i nptn zl pl hgki rntn | oelrehj fnpt| Hpfhghvlekl n Pf|*mglenj ehrnei ji BGnA%]wn ki rl pfi tn ei iowlp|; Ki rei {owirptrlei |pti ehri 'Cwiopdi i}htldi Dhekn`' Dhekn`& _wc owmi rehptn Ifn ki N{ltglchrnz gw%3 pi ei {ei dhj; ]wn ki ri {i n{ghw n njlehri ekl onwldthwi%El}ht}|el n elgfi chrwljlel }wn ki rl elzl pl wi {ji twi tn%
NP]WIRDI DHED\WPIHgkirfklehc | oelrehj fnpt| 'Hpfhghvlekl' 93%9=%7=97% chonel& ti udi `. jn kleki pl n cfi pn;9% pi wi oend | ei|ueh*eipti reh {ri ekl ipnptleti {i \}wi reh}wi re| ei|ue| hgfipt * 9 n{rwnfi`7% pi wi oend | ei|ueh*eipti reh {ri ekl ipnptleti {i \}wi reh}wi re| ei|ue| hgfipt * 9 n{rwn*
fi` oh }hrwit di ipnptleti pi ghfhri eki
\pfhrn; ]hwlo h}zna |pfhri }wh}npi ena [i dhehj h wi o|& }htwlgeh kl oi dieonoi tn np}|eki ri *
k| |pfhrl n{ uf% >2% [i dhei h rn phdhj hgwi {hri ek| Diethei Pi wi klrh * }wlunzlen tldpt !'Pf|*mglel ehrnel Diethei Pi wi klrh'& gwhk 77(9=. n uf% >7% ]wi rnfi Bi d|ftlti {i ki re| |}wi r|%
]wn ki rl }h np}wir`n dhed|w pi jhc| pl }hoehpntn oh 9<%99%7=97% chonel ei iowlp|; ]i twnht *pdl fncl ?9%& 39 === Pi wi klrh%
GHPEI N ALW@LCHRNEIBLOLWI@NKI GHPEL N ALW@LCHRNELM\]IENKI [I]IOEHALW@LCHRIUDIH]ZNEPDN P\O \ TNWHDHJ GWNKLC\
H C F I P_wi mntlfk hrwal; PIWIKLRPDI ]NRIWI o%o% Pi *wi klrh& |f% Bwi eklri udi 9<&
Hrwlend; GIFON o%h%h% Tnwhdn Gwn klc& _we gg
Wi on; }wne|oel ei }fi tl n{ehpi ho 7>%917&>< DJpi {{% di ji thj
WKLTLEKL H HRWPNEi tljlfk| }wlp|ol H}znepdhc p|oi Tnwhdn Gwn klc&gwhk ]P*=77=9>(=2 ho 0% <% 7==3% cho& i wi on ei *}fi tl ohp}klfl ehrui el twi mgnel rklwhrendi | n{eh*
p| ho 7>%917&>< DJ ei njl cfi ren`l& tl {i dhepdl{i tl{el di ji tl& oh np}fi tl& tl wi on ei }fi tl twhdh*ri }hpt|}di& howlv|kl pl;* ei ehrui enj pwloptrnji * wi u|enji hrwlendi Gif*
on o%h%h% Tnwhdn Gwn klc& gwhk; 00177=77==9970?>dho \en@wlont gied o%o%& gwhk; 0=2=71=====971<3dho A~}h If}l Iowni gied o%o%& gwhk;929=7===9>13==20 dho Wi nb blnple gied o%o%&tl {i }fklehj n }wn klehphj ei twiepi d`nkpdn wi *u|e twi mntlfki hrwal gwhk; 001>==77=273131?dho \en@wlont gied o%o%
ki plojn l gntn }hptnce|t ohchrhw h bhw*jnwiek| rfiol% He huld| kl oi zl gntn }hp*tnce|t ohchrhw dhifn`n kl Lrwh}pdi @weiChwi n ptwieidi jieknepdna eiwhoi h bhw*jnwiek| ehrl rfiol% * Wi{chrhwn p| | th*d|& i fnolw eil dhifn`n kl n }wlopkloend Oljhdwitpdl }iwtn kl ph`n kifnpti Jnfh
V|diehrnz n hrna oiei nji wi{chrhwl%Huld| kljh gw{h oi zl pl {irwntn& klw rlzno|zl plojn`l njijh dheptnt|npiekl
Pd|}tnel @wel Chwl& wldih kl he% Dwn*rhdi}nz en kl mlfnh oi pl n{kiekiri h th*jl dh gn twlgifh oi g|ol jieoitiw {ipiptir ehrl n{rwel rfiptn | @wehk Chwn%Dheptnt|tnrei pkloen`i ehrhc pi{nriPd|}tnel @wel Chwl {idi{iei kl {i 2%ehrljgiw%
chrnj wn klunji& |dfk|unrie klj | }wlch*riwiudn tnj jhc| oi oh}wnelp| oi wkl*leki dh ki zl gntn }hptnce|ti g|o| n | ne*tlwlp| dhphrpdna Pwgi& n | pdfio| piowmirenj n ei`nheifenj netlwlpnji% He
kl nptidih oi kl onwldthw Die`lfiwn kl {iDhphrh n Jlthan k| Ifldpieoiw R|fne }h*{rih Pwgl pi Dhphri oi howlol }wlopti*rendi | }wlchriwiudhj tnj|%
!Ho eil ptifel oh}npen`l n{
[icwlgi.
Ploij jklpl`n }wn kl fhdifenan{ghwi | [icwlg| eicivi pl hdhjgnei`n kiji tdh& p dnj nfn }wh*tnr dhci& i ei knetle{n ren ki p| ei*civieki h tljn tdh gn jhcih {i*pklptn | bhtlfk| cwioheiulfendi%
rhw Glweiwonz% ]h{eit n dih ‖jfi*on fir PO]*i‚& Glweiwonz kl jlv|}htle`n kifenj gnwiunji jiekl}h}|fiwie ho rfiptntl ptwiedl%Jlv| jne|pl |gwi ki j| pl bwi{n*wiekl& ki rehpt kl ohpio |p}nh {i*jhwntn }heir fkie klj kloena tl np*tna }hw|di%
\ p}ld|fi`n kiji hdh dieonoi*
ti {i cwioheiulfenudh jklpth | [i*cwlg| }hulfh pl p}hjnekitn n njljnenptwn l riekpdna n l|wh}pdna}hpfh ri Rlpel ]|pnz& neiul npti*de|tl ufien l AEP*i& dhifn nkpdhc}iwtelwi PO]*i% Ei hrik jiel riwdh klj kl ipnptnwih onh jlon ki cfl*oi pl dih ei }hd|ik }wntnpdi AEP*i ei PO] p nfklj hptriwn rieki {i*
kloenudhc n{fipdi ei fhdifel n{gh*wl | [icwlg|% [icwlgiudn lpol}l*hr n& einjl& {ipio hogi | k| jh*c|zehpt dhifnwieki p AEP*hj& dh*
kn | prnj iedltiji kioeh pth kn elpijh | [icwlg| elch n ei ei`n*heifehk wi{nen%
@fnethe n Ipathe p| pit n }h |]ifitn Pwgn ki& n{i {itrhwlena rwi*ti& wi{ch riwifl pi pwgn kiepdnjohjiznenji }wlopkloendhj _h*jnpfi rhj Endhfnzlj n }wljn kl*whj Nrn`hj Oiunzlj%
Oiunz kl wldih oi rnphdl {ri*enuen`l PIO*i n L\ enp| ohfl| Glhcwio oi }hptir fki k| |ftn*jit|jl n eh rl |pfh rl& rl z oiwi{ch riwi k| h tljiji ho mn rh*tehc {eiui ki {i Pwgn k| * eiptir *d| n |gw{iek| lrwh}pdna netl*cwi`n ki n np} |eki rie k| dwntlwn ki{i ohgn kiekl oit|ji {i }hultid }wlch rhwi%
]wl`n{nwih kl oi p| jlv| }h*fntnudnj dwntlwn knji dh kl Pwgn ki
twlgi oi np}|en * }ntiekl |e|twi*ekna wlbhwjn n |p}hptir fkie kl
rnofkn rna n howmn rna hoehpi Glh*cwioi n ]wntnel% Oiunz kl n{ki rnhoi Pwgn ki elzl }wn{eitn el{i rn*pehpt Dhph ri n oi ei th el twlgioi kl }wnpnfki ri k| en L\& en PIO&ifn zl |unentn prl oi ehwjifn{|*
di{ifi oi kl g|o|zehpt Pwgn kl |L\ n dheptith rifi oi kl ei}wir *fkle {eiui kie ei}wloid n oi klPwgn ki }hptifi dieonoit% Hei klohoifi oi kl rntifeh oi pl }hp*tnce|tn p}hwi{|jn | ohpioi*eknj }wlch rhwnji }wnjn klel pihgkl ptwiel%
Hptriwntn ohchrhwleh
Eh rneiwnji pl hgwitnfi n Anf*fiw~ @fnethe& dh ki kl wldfi oi kl
k|ulwiekn piptieid eipti rid dhep|fti`n ki dh kl kl pi Endhfnzlj{i}hulfi | Els ^hwd|%
* Rimeh kl oi fk|on | Pwgn kn{ei k| oi pjh jn | PIO*| }hprl*zlen lrwh}pdhj }|t| Pwgn kl noi }howmi rijh on kifhc Glhcwi*
oi n ]wntnel& wldfi kl @fnethe n oh*oifi oi PIO i}lf| k| oi hgklptwiel }wnjn klel prl }hptnce|tlp}hwi{|jl%
Hei kl }heh rnfi heh th kl wl*dfi n Ipathe& oi pl ho Pwgn kl eltwimn oi }wn{ei Dhph rh& ifn oihrik on kifhc }h{n ri ei ei}wl*oh riekl | hoehpnji%
@fnetheh ri kl nptidfi oi klDhph rh el {i rn pei owmi ri noi pl cwien`l | Lrwh}n elzljn kl ek itn & ifn oi pl jhmljehch thci }whjn klentn dioi
kl | }ntiek| }hghfkie kl m n rh*ti cwiviei%
Elji |ftnjit|ji&
CWIEN@L HP_IK\@fnethe n Ipathe di{ifl oi kl eiptirid }wlchrhwi | netlwlp| Glhcwioi n]wntnel& tl oi pl ho Pwgnkl el twimn oi }wn{ei Dhphrh
\[ KIDL ]HFN@NKPDL PEICL GLHCWIO OHULDIH @FNE_HE N IPA_HE
ilwhowhjn | Els ^hwd|& |dfk|u|* k|zn KBD*i& Fi C|iwon k| n Elsiwd& rlz p| ori oiei {itrhwlen% [ghc rwljlepdna el}hchoi& jehcnp| pl t|elfn n |fi{n | cwio {itrh*wnfn& tidh oi eijnwen`l rnl el}wnptnm| | E^@% Jfn kldi rnl ei}hfn`iji |h}tl elji& hpnjhehc ho giolji dh kl dhti 1 oh*fiwi& i ohd hrh }nlj rklwh riteh
kl n eklci elptifh% Gi dih th p|cwivien Piwi kl ri {i}hulfn }wrljklpl`l witi | elohptitd| lfl*jletiwena }htwl}tnei& | ptwia|n {eitnmlfkn didh zl prl oi pl {i*
rwn& tidh n jn pio | Els hwd| n*uld| kljh ohfi{id Pieo~% N}id&en kl | }ntiek| h}lwi n ki Hf| ki& hr *
okl pl pijh {i}wi rh nuld| kl!rlfndi. dni%
_njlp Py|iwl dih cwioo|ahri
Els ^hwd& cwio dh kn endio elp}i ri& pio n}id jifh hojiwi%[ghc hf| kl eipti ri kl | dhfijin ei id|ftltnji htdi{iei& ki ren}wl rh{ }wldne|t& Els hwd pth`d lq`aiecl el wion& i owmi renj wi*oen nji kl wluleh oi el ohfi{l ei}hpih% _n fk|on hpti k| dho d|zl n|mn ri k| | }iw pfhghoena oiei!}heloklf kid n |thwid {ipnc|weh.%Jlv| eknji kl n jhk j|m& dh kn}wloi kl ei Ek| khwdhj |en rlw{n*tlt|% He kl pwltie klw kl ohgnh
ori oiei oi }wlcfloi n h`n klen wi*oh rl prh kna pt|oleti% Kloneh jh*
khk orhchonekhk dzlwdn hf| ki gin en kl ohen klfi }wl rnl {ienjfkn rhp*tn& klw hei oieip el jhml oi nol| }iwd oi pl ncwi% _wle|teh pjhprn {i}wi rh {ioh rhfken klw pl {ri*enueh jhmljh jifh hojhwntn
kn p| }wlcfloifn hptitdl fltklfn`l | W|pn kn& ei*fn p| ei dwnfnji n | dignen twich rl ld p}fh*{n ri _E_ n entwhcfn`lwnei& }nl fnpt& el ei rh*olzn n{rhwl%
C|pti jicfi dwnri`8
Nptwimntlfkn p| ei rlfn oi }hpth kn jhc|zehptoi twich rn ld p}fh{n ri }htnu| ho elld p}fh*
rhkeh t|mnfitrh twlgifh gn |pdhwh oi hoch* rhwn ei n{ rkltik& wldih kl }hwt}iwhf t|mnfi*tri% W|pdn nptwimntlfkn p| {i irnhepd| elpwl*z| hdwn rnfn }hfkpd| }hpio|& dh ki kl }hd|i*fi oi pfltn }h c|pthk jicfn& ohd p| eknah rl}hfkpdl dhflcl {idfk|unfl oi p| hoch rhwendhetwhfhwn flti klw p| hohgwnfn pfn kltiekl
irnhei% Eldl cw|}l {i {itnt| fk|opdna }wi* ri | ]hfkpdhk& dih n cfi rei h}h{n`nheiptwiedi ]wi ri n }wir ol& hogi`nfl p| wl{|f*titl tna nptwici& ei rholzn oi kl |olp {i}wi*
Bwie`|pdn }wljn klw Klie*Jiw`I~wi|ft n{ki rnh kl oi pl jhmlwi{ch riwitn h }who|mlek| wioelplojn`l ho 0< pitn& dh k| kl ekl*ch ri Ph`n kifnptnudi }iwtn ki |rlfi7===% chonel% Ei }ntiekl h jh*
c|zehptn }heh rehc |rhvlekiwioel plojn`l ho 0> pitn& Hwh kl| wi{ch rhw| pi untih`nji oel*rehc fnpti ]iwnpnlel hoch rhwnh;'[ith oi el8 El }hpth kn tig|'%
]hfntnudi hf|ki
Hrik dhjletiw n{i{rih kl }h*fntnud| hf| k|& i Hwh kl dipen kl}hd|ih oi |gfimn n{ki r|% Ph`n*kifnptn p| }hgn klonfn ei n{ghwnji| ji k| |{ hglziekl oi zl {itn*tntn plojn`| ho 0< wioena pitn&}hopklzi GG@% ]wlji rimlzlj{idhe|& wioen`nji jhml gntn}fizleh }wldh rwljleh wioehrwn kljl idh | plojn`n wiol o|*ml ho 0< pitn% Jklwi kl |rlolei
\{ }wn ki r| ei dhed|wp {i }h}|e| wi oena jklpti& ohpti rntn;* Gnhcwi bn k|* N{rho n{ ji tnuel dekncl whvlena* \rklwlekl h owmirfkieptr|* Hrklwle| dh}n k| on}fhjl h ptlulehk ptw|uehk p}wljn* \rklwlekl oi }whtnr dieonoi ti en kl }honce|ti h}t|men`i dh ki kl pti fi ei }wi re| pei c|& entn kl n{wlulei el}wi rhjhzei
hp|v|k|zi }wlp|oi !ohpti ri |rklwleki ei dhe n{ghwi }h dhed|w p|.
]hwlo {i dhehj }htwlgel ohd|jleti n kl& |{ }wn ki r| kl }htwlgeh ohpti rntn !|dhfndh na }hpklo| kl. ohd|jleti n k| ei hpehr|dh kl zl pl n{rwntn ghohri ekl | pdfi o| pi dwntlwn knji Jnenptiw ptri hgwi {hri eki& ei |dl& d|ft|wl n p}hw ti \PD*i gwhk; 9=*0?*930*9(97 ho 2% 9% 7=97% chonel n n{jklei n oh}|ei dwntlwn ki gw% 9=*0?*930*2(7=97 ho ?% >% 7=97% chonel n th;
* Ohdi{ h }whcfi lek| tlaehfhdhc rndi * \rklwlekl h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj np}nt|* \rklwlekl h }whpkld| h`klei hptri wlena ei rnphdhdhfpdhk |pti ehrn& hoehpeh hrklwlel dh}n kl prklohuieptri {i jl*
on`nepd| plptw| | ki pfn`i ji !9& 7& 0% n ?% wi {wlo. * wi on |t rwvnri eki }whpkldi h`klei * \rklwlekl h o|mnen uldi eki ei }hpih ei dhe ptn`i eki hochri wi k|zl ptw|uel p}wljl* \rklwlekl h o|mnen wi oehc pti mi | hgwi {hri ek| ei dhe ptn`i eki hochri wi k|zl ptw|uel p}wljl
[i hphgl ei dh kl pl hoehpn [i dhe h oh}|epdnj }wi rnji gwi enfi i n ufi ehri eknahrna }hwhon`i pfn klolzl ohd|jletl;* Wkllekl ei oflmel h}znepdl pf|mgl h }wn{ei ri ek| prhkptri wi tehc rhkehc neri fnoi%* Wkllekl ei oflmel h}znepdl pf|mgl h }wn{ei ri ek| prhkptri ufi ei }hwhon l lanoi& }hcne|fhc& |jwfhc& elpti fhc gwi enh`i%* \rklwlekl Pf|mgl {i {i }hfki rie kl \PD*i oi pl ei fi {n ei lrnole`n kn {i el{i }hpflel%
Hphgl dh kl ohdi {| k| }wn}i oehpt HPWGnA dieonoi ti n ufi ehri eknahrna }hwhon`i& o|mel p| }wnfhmntn;* }hpfkloekl wkllekl h }wlptied| wi oehc hoehpi !|dhfndh kl nptn }hpth kih. dih ohdi{ oi eknahr wi en kn wi oen hoehp en kl
[i hphgl ei dh kl pl hoehpn [i dhe h ph`n kifehk {i tntn& {i tntn `nrnfena mwti ri wi ti n {i tntn }hwhon`l pi okl`hj \PD*i hochri *wi k|zn ohdi{ h }wn}i oehptn ei rlolenj di tlchwn ki ji%
Dhed|wp hpti kl htrhwle 1 !hpij. oi ei ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki%]hwlo ghohri eki pi dieonoi tnji dh kn np}|eki ri k| |rkltl dhed|w pi gnt zl hgirfkle netlw rk|%[i dieonoi tl dh kn el }wnpt|}l netlw rk|| pji twit zl pl oi p| ho|pti fn ho }wn ki rl%El}ht}|el n elgfi chrwljlel }wn ki rl pl elzl |{nji tn | hg{nw%
Gwhk; =2<*=*Jif*=2*=77901Pi wi klrh& 9=% 9=% 7=97% chonel
H}znepdn p|o | Pi wi klr|& n th ptw|uen pi wi oend Jnwlfi Rhkehrnz& | }wi rehk ptri wn t|mntlfki RID\BPDIGIEDI OO PIWIKLRH& |fn`i Blw ai on ki gwhk ?& }whtnr t|mlena J|thrnz Jnw pi oi& Ifludhrnz Pleio&Glznw gi nz I{lj n Dwi knei Pi blt& prn n{ Pi wi klri& wi on o|ci& rwn kloehpt p}hwi 1==&?7 DJ& | pdfi o| pi ufi ehj 0?1% ptir 0% [i dhei h }iw enuehj }hpt|}d| BGnA& hgkirfk| kl
H C F I P]h{nri pl t|mlen; DWIKNEI PIBL_ oi | whd| ho 0= oi ei hrhj p|o| ohpti rn }npi en hochrhw ei t|*mg|% _|mntlfk kl t|mghj ho 2% 99% 7==2% chonel }wlofhmnh oi p|o ohelpl }wlp|o| dh khj zl pl t|mlenhgi rl{i tn oi t|mntlfk| ei njl o|ci phfnoiw eh np}fi tl n{ehp ho 1==&?7 DJ pi di ji thj ho 97, }hulr
ho oi ei }hoehleki t|mgl oh oi ei np}fi tl& |{ ei dei o| twhdhri }iw enuehc }hpt|}di& i prl | whd| ho0= oi ei%
Hochrhw ei t|mg| jhwi gntn wi {|jfknr n pi owmi ri tn ei whunth h{ei d| p|oi& njl n }wl{njl& hoehpeh ei *{nr }wi rel hphgl& }wlgnri fntl nfn ghwi rntl& hoehpeh pklontl ptwi ei di& eknahrna {i dhepdna {ipt|}en*di n }|ehjhzendi& idh na nji k|& }wlojlt p}hwi& pi owmik n{ki rl n }ht}np }hoehpntlfki | pdfi o| pi uf%00?% []]*i%\ hochrhw| ei t|mg| t|mlen jhml npti zn n jhc|zl }wh`lpel }wnchrhwl n n{ki pentn pl oi fn }wn{ei kl nfnhp}hwi ri }hptirfklen t|mglen {iatklr% \dhfndh t|mlen hp}hwi ri t|mglen {iatklr& hochrhw ei t|mg| jh*wi pi owmi ri tn n wi {fhcl n{ dh kna pl t|mglen {iatklr hp}hwi ri& uneklen`l ei dh knji {i penri prh kl ei rhol&ohdi {l dh knji pl |t rwv|k| tl uneklen`l& tl }wi ren hpehr {i tl ei rhol | pdfi o| pi howloghj ufi ei 39%[]]*i% _|mlen jhml | hochrhw| ei t|mg|& i eikdi pen kl ei }wn}wljehj whunt|& }hoen kltn }whtnrt|mg|%\dhfndh | hptirfklehj whd| el ohpti rntl hochrhw ei t|mg|& }whtnr Rip jhml gntn ohelplei }wlp|oi {ghc }wh}|ti eki& idh kl t|mntlfk | t|mgn ei rlh ti dir }wn klofhc !ufie 917% []]*i.%\ pf|ui k| }whjklel ri l iowlpl& o|men ptl hgi rn klptntn hrik p|o | pjnpf| ufi ei 0<7% []]*i& | }whtn*rehj& pehpnt zltl }hpfklon`l | pdfi o| pi {i dhehj%Hochrhw ei t|mg| pi }wnfh{nji }wloi kl pl hrhj p|o| | ohrhfkehj gwh k| }wnjklwi di {i p|o n p|}whte|ptwied|& }h{nrhj ei gwhk }wlojlti%Ohpti ri pl pji twi hgirfklehj }whtldhj whdi ho 9< oi ei ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki hrhc }npjlei | oel*
renj ehrnei ji n ei hcfi pehk ti gfn p|oi%
Ptw|uen piwioendJnwlfi Rhkehrnz& p%w%
Ei }hjlei; Hochrhw ei t|mg| pl jhml }hoen kltn }|tlj }htl nfn }|tlj }wn kljel die`lfi wn kl H}znepdhcp|oi | Pi wi klr|& |f% Tlehnei gwhk 9%
Ei hpehr| ufi ei 79% [i dhei h owmi rehk pf|mgn | neptnt|`n ki ji Ghpel n Alw lchrnel !'Pf|mglen cfi pend GnA'& gwhk 9>(=7&0<(=0& ?(=?&93(=?& 7?(=?& 03(=?& ?1(=<& 7(=2& 07(=3& ?0(=>& 1(9= n ?=(97.& Icle`n ki {i owmi re| pf|mg| Ghpel n Alw lchrnel&| njl Jnenptiw ptri dhj|endi n ki n }whjlti Ghpel n Alw lchrnel& wi p}np| kl
K IR E N H C F I P{i }h}|ekirie kl wioehc jklpti owmirehc pf|mglendi
| Jnenptiwptr| dhj|endi`n ki n }whjlti Ghpel n Alw lchrnel
9(=9 Rnn ptw|uen piwioend {i }wirel }hpfhrl
PL D_HW [I ]WH JL_
Hopkld {i ow|jpdn n mlfkl{enudn pihgwi zik
9(=9 Rnn ptw|uen piwioend {i }wirel }hpfhrlH}np }hpfhri n wioena {ioitidi; Hgirfki }hpfhrl | rl{n wkli ri eki | |}wi rehj }hpt|}d| n{ hgfiptn }whjlti4 }wn}wlji n{*rklti ki h wkli ri ek| |}wi rena ptri wn n{ hgfiptn }whjlti4 |ulptr| kl | }wn}wljn h}zna idi ti Jnenptiw ptri n{ hgfiptn }whjlti4 |ulp* tr| kl | }wn}wljn }wh}npi n{ hgfiptn }whjlti4 hgirfki n ow|cl }hpfhrl }h ei fhc| lbi Hopkldi%]hplgen |pfhrn; ]wi ren bi d|ftlt !RNN(9 ptl}le.4 eikji ekl orn kl !7. chonel wi oehc npd|ptri | ptw|`n4 {ei ekl lecflpdhc kl{ndi4}hfhmle ptw|uen !|}wi ren. np}nt%Ptit|p; owmi ren pf|mglend ei }hfhmi k| rnlc ptw|uehc pi wi oendi%]wn}ioi k|zi hpehrei elth }fiti; 9993&13 DJ%Gwhk n{rwnfi`i; kloie !9. n{rwnfi`%
Ei}hjlei {i prl dieonoitl;* ]hwlo }hplgena |pfhri ei rlolena | ki rehj hcfi p|& dieonoi tn jhwi k| {i ohrhfki ri tn n h}zl |pfhrl }wh}npi el ufi ehj 77%
[i dhei h owmi rehk pf|mgn | neptnt|`n ki ji Ghpel n Alw lchrnel%* ]ho wi oenj npd|ptrhj }howi {|jn klri pl wi oeh npd|ptrh ei dhe ptlulel rnphdl ptw|uel p}wljl%* [i p}whrhvlekl dhed|w pel }wh`lo|wl }h hrhj ki rehj hcfi p| bhw jnwi zl pl kloei !9. Dhjnpn ki {i n{ghw%
]htwlgen ohd|jletn;Hrklwlel dh}n kl;
* bi d|ftlt pdl on}fhjl !ehptwnbndhri el on}fhjl& |dhfndh bi d|ftlt en kl {i rwle | GnA nfn kl on}fhji ptlulei | eldhk ow|chkowmi rn ei dhe 2%?%9>>7% chonel. hoehpeh& {i dieonoi tl dh kn p| rnphdh hgwi {hri ekl ptldfn }h ghfhekpdhj }wh`lp| |{ bi *d|ftlt pd| on}fhj| n ohoi tid on}fhjn4 n{enjeh& pi jh | pf|ui k| oi rnphdhdhfpdi |pti ehri ohoi tid on}fhjn en kl |hztl n{* oi ri fi& entn {i kloehc on}fhj`i& dieonoit kl o|mie oi |{ hrklwle| dh}n k| bi d|ftlt pdl on}fhjl ohpti rn |rklwlekl rnphdh*dhfpdl |pti ehrl oi ohoi tid on}fhjn en kl |h}zl n{oit& entn {i kloehc on}fhj`i4
* |rk lwleki h owmirfkieptr| !el pti wn kl ho 2 jklpl`n.4* |rk lwleki h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj |}wi rehj& hoehpeh ki rehj np}nt|4* }ht rwol nfn |rklwleki dih ohdi {i h twi mlehk rwptn wi oehc npd|ptri4* ohdi {i h twi mlehj enrh| {ei eki ptwi ehc kl{ndi4
* }h}|ekle n }ht}npie hgwi {i` Icle`n kl {i owmi re| pf|mg| GnA; nptn jhmltl }wl|{ltn | }whpthwn ki ji Icle`n kl {i owmi re|pf|mg| GnA nfn ei slg ptwi en`n Icle`n kl; sss%iop%chr%gi % Ei }hjnekljh oi }ht}npie n }h}|ekle hgwi {i` el jhml pf|*mntn dih ohdi{ gnfh dhc |pfhri n{ tldpti hcfi pi& nptn hfi di ri wio hw ci e| dh kn rwn n{ghw n njlehri ekl& tl }wloptirfki pi jhnebhw ji n kl h dieonoi t|& dh kl kl }htwlgeh ohdi {i tn twi mlehj ohd|jleti n khj%
Hgwitntn }imek| ei pfklolzi ohd|jleti dh ki el twlgi ohptirfkitn& klw npti el jhc| pf|mntn dih rifkie ohdi{;* \ rk lwlekl h on}fhjnwi ek| pti wn kl ho chone|%* \ }hcflo| ohdi {nri eki owmirfkieptri el twlgi ohptirfki tn fnue| diw t|& elri mlzl |rklwlekl h owmirfkieptr|& hoehpeh |rkl*
wlekl pti wn kl ho lpt jklpl`n%* \ }hcflo| ohdi {nri eki ptw|uehc |}wi rehc np}nti hoehpeh ki rehc np}nti el ohptirfki tn |rklwleki ptw|uena np}nti | hdrnw|
ow|cna ptw|di& |rklwleki h }hfhmlehj np}nt| {i p|on k| {i }wldwi kl n pf%* \ }hcflo| wi oehc npd|ptri el ohptirfki tn; wi oe| deknmn`| dh ki ohdi {| kl pi jh wi oen ptim& tl el jhml gntn ohdi{ {i wi oeh np*
d|ptrh4 |chrhw h wi o|& |chrhw h hgirfkie k| }wnrwljlena n }hrwljlena }hpfhri& |chrhw h oklf|& wkllekl nfn hof|di h {i pen*ri ek| wi oehc hoehpi * nptn ohdi {| k| pi jh }hultid wi oehc ieci mji ei n ei {nr wi oehc jklpti& el n dhetne|ntlt npthc4 p}hwi *{|j& wkllekl nfn hof|di h }wlptied| wi oehc hoehpi * ohdi {| k| pi jh jhjleit }wlptiedi wi oehc ieci mji ei n pf% g|o|zn oi npti n{ ei rlolena wi {fhci el jhc| gntn ri fkie ohdi{ h wi oehj npd|ptr|% _i dhvl& el ohptirfki tn ohd|jleti dh ki el pi owmllfljletl }ht rwol nfn |rklwleki& hoehpeh ohd|jleti | dh knji en kl ol`nonwi eh ei rloleh pfklolzl; hpehrel clelwi fn kl& rwpti dhfpdl p}wljl | hdrnw| wi oehc jklpti tk% ptw|uei p}wlji }wlornvlei {i dhedwlteh wi oeh jklpth& ei {nr wi oehc jklpti& }wl* n{nwie }lwnho wi oehc ieci mhri eki& tl hpti fnj wlflrietenj }hoi nji {i ohdi {nri ekl twi mlel rwptl wi oehc npd|ptri%
* El}ht}npie n el}h}|ekle }wn ki ren hgwi {i` el ohptirfki tn%
Dieonoi tn dh kn g|o| |p}klen ei }npi ehj on klf| ptw|uehc np}nti hgi rl{en p| ei |pjlen onh ptw|uehc np}nti !netlwrk|. ohen kl*tn |rklwlekl h elrhvlek| dwnrnuehc }hpt|}di !el pti wn kl ho twn jklpl`i.& dh kl pl el ohptirfki {i kloeh pi ow|cnj ohd|jletn*ji& | }whtnrehj elzl jhzn }wnpt|}ntn npthj% N{enjeh& i | pf|ui k| idh dieonoit n{ hgkldtnrena wi {fhci el ohpti rn twi mleh|rklwlekl ei netlw rk|& npth twlgi ohpti rntn eikdi pen kl oh jhjleti }wl|{nji eki o|mehptn& | p|}whtehj pdnoi pl p fnptl |p}kl*ena dieonoi ti%
Ki ren dhed|wp pl p}whrhon | pdfi o| pi Hof|dhj h ei une| }hfi ci eki ki rehc n ptw|uehc np}nti !'Pf|mglen cfi pend GnA'& gw% >2(=3n ?0(9=.%Cwi onrh n }wi ren n{rhwn& hoehpeh fntlwi t|wi {i }hfi ci ekl ki rehc np}nti |t rwvlen p| ]whcwi jhj }hfi ci eki ki rehc np}nti !'Pf|*mglen cfi pend GnA'& gw% 71(=1 n 91(97.%
Pri twi mlei ohd|jleti& hpnj |rklwleki h elrhvlek| dwnrnuehc }hpt|}di dh kl pl ohptirfki ei netlw rk|& twlgi ohptirntn eik*dipen kl oh 9>%99%7=97% chonel& }|tlj }htiepdl pf|mgl }wl}hw|uleh ei iowlp|;
Icle`n ki {i owmire| pf|mg| GnA'Kiren dhed|wp {i }h}|ekirie kl wioehc jklpti owmirehc pf|mglendi | Jnenptiwptr| dhj|endi`n ki n }whjlti Ghpeln Alw lchrnel'39=== Piwi klrh& _wc Ghpel n Alw`lchrnel gwhk 9%
El}ht}|el& elgfi chrwljlel n el|wloel }wn ki rl& dih n dh}n kl twi mlel ohd|jleti n kl dh kl enp| hrklwlel elzl pl wi {ji twi tn%
Hdthgiw 7=97% chonel ONWLD_HWElrle Idijn ki
Ow|trh {i }whjlt ei rlfndh n jifh& n{rh{ n |rh{ 'O|aie}whjlt'o%h%h% Piwi klrhWioledi Igi{hrnzi 9
Ei hpehr| howlogn ufi ei 07% Pti t|ti 'O|aie}whjlt' o%h%h% Pi wi klrh !| oi fklj tldpt| Ow|trh.& idt
gwhk =7(=0 ho 9<%97%7==0% chonel& Hof|di h n{jklei ji Pti t|ti gwhk 92(=? ho 99%1%7==?% chonel&gwhk 97>9(=<* EH ho 7=%?%7==<% chonel n gwhk 90<2*P(=2 ho 9<%2%7==2% chonel& i | pdfi o| pi ufi ehj7?9& 7?7& 72>& 0?0% n 0??% [i dhei h }wnrwloenj ow|trnji !'Pf|mglel ehrnel Blolwi n kl GnA'& gwhk70(>>& ?<(==& 7(=7 n 7>(=0.& hgkirfk| kl
H G I R K L T _ L EK LH PI[NRIEK\ KLOIEILP_L PD\]T_NEL OW\T_RI
'O\AIE]WHJL_' OHH PIWIKLRH
Oi ei 9<%99%7=97% chonel | 9< ui phri | }whpthwn ki ji 'O|aie}whjlt' o%h%h% Pi wi klrh& Wi oledi Igi {hrnzi 9& howmit zl pl kloi ei lpti pkloen`i Pd|}tnel 'O|aie}whjlt' o%h%h% Pi wi klrh%[i kloi ei lpt| pkloen`| Pd|}tnel Ow|tri }wlofi ml pl pfklolzn;
OELREN WLO;9% N{ghw n njlehri ekl ori hrklwnri ui {i }npendi pi olpltl pkloen`l Pd|}tnel7% Ohehlekl * |pri ki ekl hof|dl h n{jklei ji n oh}|ei ji Pti t|ti 0% Ohehlekl * |pri ki ekl hof|dl h np}fi tn onrnoleol?% Wi {eh
]wn klofhc {i n{jklel n oh}|el oelrehc wloi jhml oi tn ufie Ow|tri un kn |onh unen eikji ekl ol* pltne| hpehrehc di }nti fi | whd| ho hpij oi ei ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki hgi rkltleki%\ wi o| n hof|unri ek| kloi ei lptl Pd|}tnel jhc| |ulptrhri tn prn ufi ehrn Ow|tri& | pdfi o| pi {i* dhehj& fnueh nfn }|tlj }|ehjhzendi }h hpehr| }npi el }|ehjhzn }ht}npi el ho oi ri h`i n }wnji *h`i }|ehjhzn%
Ch rhwlzn ei orhoel rehj pl*jneiw| Hoehpn p ki reh z| nlrwh}pdl netlcwi`n kl | [icwlg|h tljn Bneiepnkpdi dwn{i& Awrit*pdi n L\& R|kunz kl |di{ih n ei
jhoifntltl }whjklei jheltiw*el iwantldt|wl | L\%
R|kunz pjitwi oi kl dwn{i |l|wh{hen }hpfklon`i }h klonei*uena hof|di eldna lrwh}pdnaowmi ri oi }wlji L\ no| wi{fnun*tnj }|tl rnji& ifn n {ith th p| twh*nfl rnl elch p| jhcfl }whn*{rlptn tl rnl enp| jhcfl rwizi*tn o|c%
]h kipenh kl oi kl wipt nei`n kl
elcitn reh |tn`ih ei dhed|wle*tehpt ei`nheifena }wn rwloi |Lrwh}n& i jehcl ho ekna p| {i}i*fl | dwn{| {ith th p| }h rlzi ri*fl }fizl el rholzn wiu|ei oi np*th rwljleh jhwi k| }h rlzi ritn}who|dtn rehpt wioi& th kl oh rl*
fh oh g|omltpdna olb`nti n eljn*eh rehc {io|mn rieki%
Wkllekl dwn{l
Dih kloeh ho jhc|zna wklleki b*eiepnkpdl dwn{l | l|wh{hen he kl ei*
rlh jhc|zehpt prh kl rwpel beiepnk*pdl dhe rlwcle n kl& hoehpeh }wn*gfnmi rieki n tklekl piwioekl& dh ki|dfk|u| kl n howlvlen ptl}le phfnoiw*ehptn& owmi ri pkl rlwi n k|ci Lrwh}l%
Dioi kl | }ntiek| }whgflj|rhvleki l|wi eidhe th Awrit*pdi |vl | L\ he }hopklzi oi zl{ljfki jhwitn jehch thci pwl*ontn }wn kl elch pl th ohchon& i {ith gntn }htwlgeh eikjiekl }lt& ifnjhc|zl n rnl chonei%
GHWNP R\KUNZ& c|rlwelw Eiwhoel giedl Awritpdl h |fipd| | L\
P\RLWLEHP_ \ RHVLEK\
LDHEHJPDL ]HFN_NDLEidhe |fipdi | L\ n jheltiwei& bnpdifei n ptw|dt|wifei }hfntndi
hptik| | eioflmehptn ei`nheifena rfiptn n el }wlehpl pl ei L\
unzleki | Pfi rhepdhj Gwho|%‖]whgflj en kl ho k|ulw n Jnenp*
tiwptrh }ho|{nji prl oi ci th
}wn kl wn kln‚& ohoih kl%Enkl tidh ptwieh
‖Hpnc|wiei p| pwloptri | Bhe*o| {i {itnt| hdhfni {i n{cwioek|eh rl jklwel }hpti kl dh ki zl twl*gitn |t rwontn ptriwen n{rhw helun*zleki% N{cwiont zl pl n ditiptiwhelunzn riui p kloel n ow|cl ptwi*el Pi rl& i eidhe thci zl twlgitnpklptn }heh reh pi p|pkloehjowmi rhj n eizn wkllekl‚& wldih kl[jikfh rnz%
‖\ hrhj twle|td| dhe`letwi*`n ki p|j}hwh rhondi dh ki kl gnfitik oie huntiei en kl& }wlji jkl*wnfnji Prkltpdl {owir ptrlel hwci*en {i`n kl& hei dh ki |cw hmi ri
kl {i 921%700 DJ nfn ?&> }hpth ji*ekl | hoehp| ei jklpl wien kl& }h*oi n p| Blolwifehc {i rhoi {i pti*tnptnd|% \ |d|}ehk }whoi kn }hfkh}wn*
rwloena }whn{rhoi ei twmen iji&}hpjitwieh }h cw|}iji }whn*{rhoi& }h rwzl kl |ulptrh rifh pi ?<&1}hpth& rhzl p 79& }lwio n ki ki p 97&7&i cwhmvl n jfn kldh p }h <&< }hpth%Jlo n rhpid |ulptrh rifn p| p 0&7}hpth& mnti p twn& dwhj}nw p 7&<& i wn*gi n hcwkl reh owrh p }h =&< }hpth%
Pjieklei }whoiki ei }nki`iji
\ Ui}fknen zl ho 3% oh >% eh* rljgwi gntn howmiei Ploji dhe*lwle`n ki drifntlti GnA }ho ei{n*
rhj Drifntlt dih dfk|uen idthw}hpfh rieki%
\ulpen`nji dhelwle`n kl& un knp| hwcien{ithwn Iph`n ki`n ki {idrifntlt GnA n ]wn rwloei tij}iPiwi kl rh zl pl& didh kl ei kir fkl*eh& hgwitntn n }wlopkloi ri k|zn Rn*
‖Kloeh ho }how|uki ei dh kl zl*jh pl hd|pnwitn kl }wlawijgl*ei neo|ptwn ki% Eii idwlonti`n ki
kl | i{n }ht}npn rieki gnfitlwifehcp}hwi{|ji pi lrwh}pdhj idwl*onti`n khj tidh oi zl np}ntn riekidh ki pl hgir fki k| | idwlonth ri*enj fighwithwn kiji | GnA& gntn}wn{eiti rie GnA n einj n{rh*{en nji zl pf|mntn }wnfndhj n{rh*{i ga% }whn{rhoi | {ljfkl L\% Eidhelwle`n kn pl p}hjnek| n pnptl*jn |}wir fkie ki drifntlthj>==9;7==1 n | pdfio| pi ptie*oiwohj 9?==9 {itnti hdhfnel&`lwtnbdi`n ki }whn{rhoi n idwlon*ti`n ki fighwithwn ki% _h kl elthgl{ ulci el jhmljh | Lrwh}|‚&diml _lieh rnz%
Ei dhelwle`n kn zl |ulptrh* ritn n [nelti Zljlwfnz LHY jl*eiomlw n i|onthw drifntlti dh ki klwldfi oi gn }hfntnuiwnji atklfi}hpfitn }hw|d| oi kl }htwlgeh}hdwle|tn }ntiekl ohoklf kn rie kiowmi rel eicwiol {i drifntlt%
‖]hpth kn gi{i `lwtn`nwiena bw*jn dh kl gn pl jhcfl tidjnuntn oignpjh rnoklfn didh p| nj}fl*jletnwifl prh kl pnptljl |}wir *fkie ki n dh kl p| wl{|ftitl }hptncfloi pl ei hpeh r| thci |p}hpti rnowmi rei eicwioi {i drifntlt‚& di*ml Zljlwfnz%
}hpf|k| | GnA& ifn jhc|zn p| n }wlchrhwn pi eldhj ho
gieidi dhki kh el }hpf|kl | eihk {ljfkn
Ohvn n rh{n ei{nr kl }whoikel id`n kl dh* k| hwcien{| k| IPI ]RI n IPI ]PP& ori eik* rlzi hrfitlei twchr i rhfdpsicle& i|on&plit n dhoi gwleoh ri | Ghpen n Alw`lch*
* Jnenptiw |e|twiekna }hpfh riDiethei Piwi kl rh | h}whtikehjch rhw| pi pd|}tnepdl ch rhwen lnwhenueh kl }hw|unh }whjw{fnj}hfn ik nji oi pl pijh wion h }h*fntnudhj }ijltn{j| tl h ‖jifnjtikeiji rlfndna jikpthwi d|anekl‚&if|onwi k|zn ei hthcwib kl }hfn i ki*`i pi w|}iji ei vheh rnji eknah*
rl hg|zl% ]hpfkloekn& {rienuen i}lfdhjieonwi Klonen l {i p}l`n kifnp*tnud| }howd| J\]*i DP*i oi }h*fn ik n lfntel }hfn nkpdl klonen l oh*pfhr l elji k| | ulj| wiontn tl rwn*tn elh}ahoel hg|dl& pijh kl hw*jifei }ht rwoi hehci th kl Pneon*dit& ifn n w|dh rhoptrh |}wi rl }hfn*`n kl rlz hoi reh |hunfh n ei ti kl prl
|}h{hwi rih jnenptwi& Rfio|&Pd|}tne|& ifn n ki rehpt oi h}wl*ji dh k| eigir fki jnenptiw el{ioh rhfki ri }wh}npiel dwntlwn kl%]hfn`n kn kl eigir fkih fh| eldri*fntlte| h}wlj|& i prh knji | di*gnelt| ho eilc ehr i eigi rnh
7& ho > oh 9=%0= Aiomnzn cwio 7& ho > oh 97 Jfnekiui& ho > oh 90 pi*tn Dijlekiui <& Gfim|k dijlehfhj n Gfim|k 9& ho > oh 92 BlanjiZ|wunzi 9& ho 90%0= oh 9< Dijlekiui 7 n Whciunzn 7& ho 90 oh 9?%0=@wdrnel 7& ho 9=%0= oh 97 pitn Gfim|k `wdri n ho 97 oh 90%0= RwlfhGhpel%
Npdfk|uleki ptw| kl
>
K|ulw kl howmiei pkloen i Cwio*pdhc rn klzi Piwi kl ri ei dh khk kleik rlz| }imek| rn klzendi n{i{rifinehwji n ki h }wn}wljfklehptn ki*rena dhj|eifena }wlo|{lzi n ow|*cna pf|mgn {i {njpdn }lwnho% P hg{n*whj ei th oi jltlhwhfh{n ei kir fk|*k| oi gn hri {nji jhcfi gntn n{|{l*teh afioei& rn klzendl kl netlwlph ri*
fh oi fn p| }wlo|{lzi p}wljei {i pl*{he| n oi fn zl gntn | jhc|zehptn ho*ch rhwntn {ioitd| |dhfndh eip {iol*pl rlfndl peklmel }ioi rnel dih thkl th gnfh }whfl {njl% ]wlopti ren*`n }wlo|{lzi ]hdh}& Cwip& Piwi kl*rhcip& Rhoh rho n dieifn{i n ki& dh*kn p| }wnp|ptrh rifn pkloen n& ei rlfn p|oi p| p}wljen {i }wlopth klz| pl{h*e| n oi el gn twlgifh gntn rlzna }wh*gflji | eknah rhj wio|% ]wrn kl n{*rkltik }hoenh Jlajloifn ki Pn kiwnz&n{ rwen onwldthw Piwi kl rhcipi& di{ir *n oi kl hrh }wlo|{lzl eigi rnfh oh*rhfkel dhfnunel cipi oi }hojnwnprh kl }htwhiul%
Nebwiptw|dt|wi
Nidh _h}fiel ioldriteh el n{jn*w| k| hgi rl{l }wlji Piwi kl rhcip|&he kl nptidih oi tik }whgflj elzl |tn*`itn ei peigon kl riekl ciphj neon rn*o|ifena }htwhiui% Rn klzen | PO]*i Iwn kie| _ifh rnz {ienjifh kl didrh
kl twle|teh ptiekl pi rhohpeigon kl* rieklj& p hg{nwhj ei th oi pl }hwloehzena }wh rhol n oel rel wlo|d`n*
kl& ohd kl rn klzendi Pfi rlei Dh riul* rnzi netlwlph rifh didh zl pl wlo|d n* kl howi{ntn ei rhoh rhoe| n dieifn{i*`nhe| jwlm| | {njpdhj }lwnho|&hoehpeh oi fn zl rhoi dh ki hptiel |`n kl rnji jw{e|tn n oh rhontn oh }|*
Rn klzen`n p| hr| nehwji`n k|}wnjnfn d {eiek|% _idhvlw& |prh kn*fn p| n hof|d| h oi riek| picfi*pehptn ei {lfle| oncntife| }h rlfk|&tl hof|d| h |pri kiek| W] @ncfiel%
L% IPH_NZ
CWIOPDN RNKLZEN@N H P]WLJEHP_N DHJ\EIFENA ]WLO\[LZI [I [NJ\
Cipi nji ohrhfkeh& ifn klrhohpeigonklriekl htlmiehWlo|d`nkl rhol | {njpdhj }lwnho| el gn twlgifl
Ei k|ulwiekhk pkloen`ntwlgifi pl wi{jitwitn nehw*ji`n ki h ptiek| dwnjneifntl*ti& ki rehc wloi n jnwi n pih*gwizi ki {i }lwnho kie|iw *pl}tljgiw hrl chonel& ifn klhei ei }wn klofhc cwiohei*ulfendi Ifn kl Glajlei pdn*e|ti pi oel rehc wloi% ]wl*ofhmleh kl oi J\]DP*i {ieiwloe| pkloen`| ohpti rnnehwji`n k| h ptiek| dwn*jneifntlti {i }lwnho kie|*iw * hdthgiw& dh ki zl pi*owmi ritn n }wn klofhc jklwi%
\ hwcien{i n kn \ow|mleki ji*fhfkltena ghwi`i Iwjn kl GnA nH}znel Nfnomi& hgnfklmlei kl ch*onekn`i h}lwi`n kl hpfhgiviekiAhktl& Ki rhwdi& Tnfkdi n Dhulwneiei Ncjie|% Nidh kl rwn kljl gn*
fh afioeh& ei jienlpti`n k| klohih rlfndn gwhk gnr na ghwi`i9=?% rntldl jhthwn{h riel gwn*ciol n chptn k|& dh kn eipth kl oi pl
hrl {eiuikel gntdl el {ighwi rl%Olflci`n ki kl }hfhmnfi `rn kl*
zi ei p}hjle*hgnfklmki dhoahtlfi Jiwif& howloi Fiptl& Gn*
klfl rhol n Fk|f kl ri ptn klei% Eipridhj ho hrna p}hjle*hgn*
ri` n fhdifntlt Dhgnfki Cfi ri 91&ohd pl hen n{ Nfn kii jhc| rid`n*enpitn | `letwifehj hgkldt|&Pwl oeklj n Jhl riudhk 1>%Cwivien Aiomnzi jhc| htnzn | HKAiomnzn& Gklfienud| 09 n \fn`|Jwomiei Omhdl 3<& i hen n{_weh ri | Olkunzl& ijg|fiet|_weh rh& Tignzl n Olfn kil%
Ei hpehr| ufi ei 7?%& i | rl{n pi ufi ehj 3?i [i dhei h owmi rehk pf|mgn | Blolwi n kn Ghpel n Alw lchrnel !´Pf|mgl*el ehrnel Blolwi n kl GnA´& gwhk; 7>(=0& 70(=?& 0>(=?& <?(=?& 23(=<& 1(=2 n ?(97. n ufi ei 9% [i dhei h }wnjklen [i dh*ei h owmi rehk pf|mgn | Blolwi n kn Ghpel n Alw lchrnel | Diethe| Pi wi klrh !'Pf|mglel ehrnel Diethei Pi wi klrh'&gwhk =1(99. Icle`n ki {i owmi re| pf|mg| Blolwi n kl GnA& i e i {iatklr Dietheifel |}wi rl {i nep}ld`nkpdl }hpfhrlDiethei Pi wi klrh& hgkirfk| kl
H}np }hpfhri; H}np }hpfhri !}h{n`n ki =9% n =7%. pi owmie kl | tldpt| ki rehc dhed|w pi& dh kn kl hgkirfkle ei slg ptwi *en`n Icle`n kl {i owmi re| pf|mg| Blolwi n kl GnA& sss%iopbgna%chr%gi%
\pfhrn; ]hwlo h}tna |pfhri }wlornvlena ufi ehj 7<% [i dhei h owmi rehk pf|mgn | Blolwi n kn Ghpel n Alw lchrnel& die* onoi tn twlgi k| np}|eki ri tn n pfn klolzl }hplgel |pfhrl& n th;[i }h{n`n k| =9%
* RPP& RNN ptl}ie * {i rwle }wi ren bi d|ftlt&* eikji ekl 0 !twn. chonel wi oehc pti mi ei }hpfhrnji | ptw|`n ei dhe ptn`i eki RPP&* }hfhmle np}nt {i rh{i ui 'G' di tlchwn kl* }h{ei ri ekl wi oi ei wi u|ei w|
[i }h{n`n k| =7%* RPP& RNN ptl}ie * {i rwle jlon`nepdn bi d|ftlt nfn bi d|ftlt {owirptrlena pt|on ki pjklw pi entiw ehc nemleklw ptri nfn
pthji thfhdn bi d|ftlt * eikji ekl 0 !twn. chonel wi oehc pti mi ei }hpfhrnji | ptw|`n ei dhe ptn`i eki RPP&* }hfhmle np}nt {i rh{i ui 'G' di tlchwn kl* }h{ei ri ekl wi oi ei wi u|ei w|
]wn kirfknrie kl ei dhed|wp;i. Dieonoi tn dh kn p| lrnoletnwi en | Wlcnptw| owmi rena pf|mglendi Blolwi n kl GnA dh kn rhon Icle`n ki {i owmi re| pf|*
mg| Blolwi n kl GnA !}hpth klzn owmi ren pf|mglen`n. }wn kirfk| k| pl ei dhed|wp ohptirfkie klj |wloeh }h}|eklehc }wn* ki rehc hgwip`i Icle`n kl !jhml pl }wl|{ltn | }whpthwn ki ji Hoklf kle ki Icle`n kl {i Diethe Piwi klrh n Ghpiepdh*}hownekpdn diethe& |fn`i Aijon kl Dwllrfkidhrnzi gw% 9>(R nfn ei slg ptwi en`n Icle`n klsss%iopbgna%chr%gi.%
g.Hpti fn dieonoi tn o|men p| ohpti rntn pfklolz| ohd|jleti n k| !hwncneif nfn hrklwlel dh}n kl.;9% bi d|ftlt pd| on}fhj| !ehptwnbn`nwi ei on}fhji& |dhfndh bi d|ftlt en kl {i rwle | GnA nfn kl on}fhji ptlulei | el*
dhk ho owmi ri eipti fhk wi p}i ohj PBWK ei dhe 2% ?% 9>>7% chonel.7% }ht rwo|(|rklwlekl h wi oehj pti m| ei }hpfhrnji | ptw|`n ei dhe ptn`i eki RPP0% ri mlz| rh{i ud| oh{rhf| {i rh{i ui 'G' di tlchwn kl?% ohdi{ h }h{ei ri ek| wi oi ei wi u|ei w|<% |wloeh }h}|ekle }wn ki ren hgwi {i` Icle`n kl !jhml pl }wl|{ltn | }whpthwn ki ji Hoklf kle ki Icle`n kl {i Die*
the Pi wi klrh n Ghpiepdh}hownekpdn diethe Chwi mol& | Pi wi klr| |f% Aijon kl Dwllrfki dhrnzi gw% 9>(R& nfn ei slg ptwi en`n Icle`n kl sss%iopbgna%chr%gi%.%
Dieonoi tn dh kn ohpti rl ohdi{ h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj |}wi rehj np}nt|& ki rehj np}nt| {i owmi rel pf|mglendl | neptn*t|`n ki ji Ghpel n Alw lchrnel nfn }wi rhp|oehj np}nt| n{|{nji k| pl ho }hfi ci eki np}nti h}zlc {ei eki%
Ei}hjlei; \ pf|ui k| oi Icle`n ki el wi p}hfi ml }hoi nji dh kn pl hoehpl ei }h klonel |pfhrl dhed|w pi& dieonoi tn dh* kn nji k| pti t|p owmi rehc pf|mglendi zl gntn o|men }htwlgel ohdi {l h np}|eki rie k| |pfhri dhed|w pi ohpti rntn Icle`n* kn | whd| ho < oi ei ho oi ei }wn klji hgi rn klptn Icle`n kl dh khj pl twi mn ohptirfkie kl ohdi {i%
H oit|j|& rwljle| n jklpt| }hficieki np}nti h}zlc {eieki n ptw|uehc np}nti dieonoitn zl gntn hgirn kltlen }|tlj slgptwien l Icle`n kl {i owmire| pf|mg| Blolwi`n kl GnA&sss%iopbgna%chr%gi% Njlei dieonoiti pl el hgkirfk| k|%
N{i gwi en dieonoitkl o|mie | whd| ho 1 oi ei ho oi ei }wn klji hgi rkltleki h wl{|fti tnji dhed|w pi& ohpti rntn Icle*`n kn prl ohdi {l h np}|eki rie k| h}tna |pfhri dhed|w pi%
]wn ki r| ei dhed|wp& hoehpeh prl twi mlel ohd|jletl twlgi ohpti rntn | whd| ho 9< oi ei ho hgki rl ki rehc dhed|w pi |¤Pf|mglenj ehrnei ji BGnA´& }|tlj }htl& }wl}hw|uleh ei iowlp|;
Icle`n ki {i owmire| pf|mg| Blolwi`n kl GnAHoklf kle kl Icle`n kl {i Diethe Piwi klrh n Ghpiepdh}hownekpdn diethe&
El}ht}|el& el|wloel n elgfi chrwljlel }wn ki rl elzl pl wi {ji twi tn%ONWLD_HW
Plio Jipfh& on}f% n|w%
Ei hpehr| ufi ei 7?%& i | rl{n pi ufi ehj 3?i [i dhei h owmi rehk pf|mgn | Blolwi n kn Ghpel n Alw lchrnel !´Pf|mgl*el ehrnel Blolwi n kl GnA´& gwhk; 7>(=0& 70(=?& 0>(=?& <?(=?& 23(=<& 1(=2 n ?(97. n ufi ei 9% [i dhei h }wnjklen [i dh*ei h owmi rehk pf|mgn | Blolwi n kn Ghpel n Alw lchrnel | Diethe| Pi wi klrh !'Pf|mglel ehrnel Diethei Pi wi klrh'&gwhk =1(99 ho 09% 0% 7=99% chonel. Icle`n ki {i owmi re| pf|mg| Blolwi n kl GnA& i ei {iatklr Jnenptiw ptri hgwi {hri *eki n ei |dl Diethei Pi wi klrh& hgkirfk| kl
H}np }hpfhri; H}np }hpfhri pi owmie kl | tldpt| ki rehc dhed|w pi& dh kn kl hgkirfkle ei slg ptwi en`n Icle`n kl {i owmi *re| pf|mg| Blolwi n kl GnA sss%iopbgna%chr%gi%
\pfhrn; ]hwlo h}tna |pfhri }wlornvlena ufi ehj 7<% [i dhei h owmi rehk pf|mgn | Blolwi n kn Ghpel n Alw lchrnel& die* onoi tn twlgi k| np}|eki ri tn n pfn klolzl }hplgel |pfhrl& n th;
* RPP& |enrlw {ntlt pdi on}fhji RNN ptl}ie {i rwle ji nepdn& lfldtwhtlaenudn& }wnwhoeh*ji tlji tnudn& }wi ren bi d|f*tlt nfn bi d|ftlt }hfntnudna ei |di
* eikji ekl 9 !kloei. chonei wi oehc pti mi | ptw|`n nfn wi oehc npd|ptri& ei nptnj nfn pfnuenj }hpfhrnji& ei dhe ptn`i *eki RPP&
* }h{ei ri ekl wi oi ei wi u|ei w|
]wn kirfknrie kl ei dhed|wp;i. Dieonoi tn dh kn p| lrnoletnwi en | Wlcnptw| owmi rena pf|mglendi Blolwi n kl GnA dh kn rhon Icle`n ki {i owmi re|
pf|mg| Blolwi n kl GnA !}hpth klzn owmi ren pf|mglen`n. }wn kirfk| k| pl ei d hed|wp ohptirfkie klj |wloeh }h}|*eklehc }wn ki rehc hgwip`i Icle`n kl !jhml pl }wl|{ltn | }whpthwn ki ji Hoklf kle ki Icle`n kl {i Diethe Piwi*
klrh n Ghpiepdh}hownekpdn diethe& |fn`i Aijon kl Dwllrfkidhrnzi gw% 9>(R nfn ei slg ptwi en`n Icle`n klsss%iopbgna%chr%gi .%
g. Hpti fn dieonoi tn o|men p| ohpti rntn pfklolz| ohd|jleti n k| !hwncneif nfn hrklwlel dh}n kl.;9% bi d|ftlt pd| on}fhj| !ehptwnbn`nwi ei on}fhji& |dhfndh bi d|ftlt en kl {i rwle | GnA nfn kl on}fhji ptlulei |
eldhk ho owmi ri eipti fhk wi p}i ohj PBWK ei dhe 2% ?% 9>>7% chonel.7% }ht rwo| ( |rklwlekl h wi oehj pti m|(npd|ptr| | ptw|`n& ei dhe ptn`i eki RPP& ei nptnj nfn pfnuenj }hpfhrnji 0% dieonoi tn dh kn hgirfki k| }hpfhrl ei jkltlendi | hw ci e| owmi rel pf|mgl n dh kn p| ptldfn RNN ptl}le ptw|uel
p}wljl o|men p| ohpti rntn;* ohdi{ oi p| {i }hpflen | hw ci e| owmi rel pf|mgl dih ei jkltlen`n n ohdi{ h }lt chonei wi oehc npd|ptri
| hw ci enji owmi rel pf|mgl ei dhe }hfhmlehc ptw|uehc np}nti {i ei jkltlendi * ohdi{ h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj np}nt| {i ei jkltlendi
?% ohdi{ h }h{ei ri ek| wi oi ei wi u|ei w|<% |wloeh }h}|ekle }wn ki ren hgwi {i` Icle`n kl !jhml pl }wl|{ltn | }whpthwn ki ji Hoklf kle ki Icle n kl {i Die*
the Pi wi klrh n Ghpiepdh}hownekpdn diethe Chwi mol& | Pi wi klr| |f% Aijon kl Dwllrfki dhrnzi gw% 9>(R& nfnei slg ptwi en`n Icle`n kl sss%iopbgna%chr%gi%.%
Dieonoi tn dh kn ohpti rl ohdi{ h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj |}wi rehj np}nt|& ki rehj np}nt| {i owmi rel pf|mglendl | neptn*t|`n ki ji Ghpel n Alw lchrnel nfn }wi rhp|oehj np}nt| n{|{nji k| pl ho }hfi ci eki np}nti h}zlc {ei eki%
Ei}hjlei; \ pf|ui k| oi Icle`n ki el wi p}hfi ml }hoi nji dh kn pl hoehpl ei }h klonel |pfhrl dhed|w pi& dieonoi tn dh* kn nji k| pti t|p owmi rehc pf|mglendi zl gntn o|men }htwlgel ohdi {l h np}|eki rie k| |pfhri dhed|w pi ohpti rntn Icle`n* kn | whd| ho < oi ei ho oi ei }wn klji hgi rn klptn Icle`n kl dh khj pl twi mn ohptirfkie kl ohdi {i%
H oit|j|& rwljle| n jklpt| }hficieki np}nti h}zlc {eieki n ptw|uehc np}nti dieonoitn zl gntn hgirn kltlen }|tlj slgptwien`l Icle`n kl {i owmire| pf|mg| Blolwi n kl GnA&sss%iopbgna%chr%gi% Njlei dieonoiti pl el hgkirfk| k|%
N{i gwi en dieonoitkl o|mie | whd| ho 1 oi ei ho oi ei }wn klji hgi rkltleki h wl{|fti tnji dhed|w pi& ohpti rntn Icle*`n kn prl ohdi {l h np}|eki rie k| |pfhri dhed|w pi%
]wn ki r| ei dhed|wp& hoehpeh prl twi mlel ohd|jletl twlgi ohpti rntn | whd| ho 9< oi ei ho hgki rl ki rehc dhed|w pi |¤Pf|mglenj ehrnei ji BGnA´& }|tlj }htl& }wl}hw|uleh ei iowlp|;
Icle`n ki {i owmire| pf|mg| Blolwi`n kl GnAHoklf kle kl Icle`n kl {i Diethe Piwi klrh n Ghpiepdh}hownekpdn diethe&
Ei hpehr| ufi ei >2% [i dhei h hpehrehj hoch k| n hgwi {hri ek| AED*i !'Pf|mglel ehrnel AED*i' gw; <(==&?(=? n <(=?.& ufi *
ei 97% Dhfldtnrehc |chrhwi {i hgfipt hpehrehc hoch ki n hgwi {hri eki AED*i n Pi cfi pehptn Jnenptiw ptri hgwi {hri eki& ei |dl&d|ft|wl n p}hw ti AED*i Jhptiw gwhk; =<*=7*?=*721>(97 n gwhk; =<*=7*?=*71>9(97& n hof|dl Tdhfpdhc hoghwi gw; =9973=(97%ho 0=% 9=% 7=97% chonel& Tdhfpdn hoghw K\ Hpehrei dhfi 'P|fkh Unfnz' Ki gfi en`i wi p}np| kl;
D H E D \ W P{i |}wimeklei wioei jklpti
Wi p}np| kl pl dhed|wp {i }h}|e| pfklolzna wi oena jklpti n th ei;
I. El howlvleh rwn kljl* Wi oend ei howmi ri ek| unpthzl 9 n{rwnfi`
G. Howlvleh rwn kljl oh 9<% 3% 7=90% chonel* Eipti rend wi {wloel eipti rl 9 n{rwnfi` !eipti ri ei awrit pdhj kl{nd|.
]htwlgeh kl oi dieonoi tn {i ei rlolel }h{n`n kl }hwlo h}zna |pfhri }wlornvlena [i dhehj h wi o| n [i dhehj h hpehrehj ho*ch k| n hgwi {hri ek| AED*i np}|eki ri k| n }hplgel |pfhrl | }hcflo| ptw|uel p}wljl }wlornvlel [i dhehj h hpehrehj hoch* k| n hgwi {hri ek| AED*i& dih n |pfhrl n{ ]wi rnfendi h wi o| dhfl;
]htwlgen ohd|jletn;9 % ] wn ki ri ei dhed|wp pi dwi zhj gnhcwi bn khj&7% On}fhji h {i rwlehk dhfpdhk p}wljn&0% \rklwlekl h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj np}nt| * dieonoi tn {i wi oeh jklpth }ho ti udhj I. enp| hgi rl{en ohpti rntn |rklwlekl
h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj np}nt|&?% \rklwlekl h owmirfkieptr| !el pti wn kl ho 2 jklpl`n.&<% N{rho n{ ji tnuel dekncl whvlena !el pti wn kn ho 2 jklpl`n.%
Pi dieonoi tnji dh kn g|o| np}|eki ri fn |pfhrl n{ dhed|w pi hgi rnt zl pl netlw rk|& h ulj| zl gntn ei dei oeh hgi rn kltlen%Dieonoi tn dh kn g|o| }wnjfklen ei ei rlolel }h{n n kl zl ohpti rntn fkldiw pdh |rklwlekl n |rklwlekl oi pl el rhon dwnrnuen }hpt|}id%]wn ki rl ohpti rntn | whd| ho 1 oi ei ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki el}hpwloeh nfn }hthj }wl}hw|uleh ei iowlp|; K\ Hpehrei dhfi'P|fkh Unfnz' Kigfien`i4 \f% Dhj|el Rlkfl 714 11 ?7= Kigfien`i !pi ei{eidhj }wn kiri ei dhed|wp {i wioeh jklpth!eirlptn wioeh jklpth(jklpti {i dh kl pl dhed|wnl.& {i Tdhfpdn hoghw.%El}ht}|el n elgfi chrwljlel }wn ki rl elzl pl wi {ji twi tn%
H C F I PH}znepdn p|o | Pi wi klr|& p|on ki Loalj Zi th& | }wi rehkptri wn t|mntlfki @IEO^ AHHRLW GA OHH PIWIKL*RH& |f% Oi kiefn Ngwi anjglci 97& dhci {ipt|}i k| IrohPi fnaglchrnz n Aikw|one Di }lti ehrnz& iorhdi tn n{ Pi wi *
klri& }whtnr t|mlehc P_W DFNJI PAH]& rf% Ikfi Fi *ji omlji& Npthueh Ehrh Pi wi klrh& |f% Endhfl _lpfl <0I&wi on o|ci rp}% 90%009&>? DJ& rie whunti 70% 9=% 7=97%chonel& ohenh kl
] W L P \ O \* {ghc }wh}|tieki *
_|mlen kl o|mie np}fi tntn t|mntlfk| n{ehp ho 90%009&>?DJ& pi {i dhepdhj {i tl{ehj di ji thj& n th;
* ei n{ehp ho 9%=<<&00 DJ }hulr ho 97% <% 7=9=% ch* onel }i oh np}fi tl&
* ei n{ehp ho 9%>2?&22 DJ }hulr ho 90% <% 7=9=% ch* onel }i oh np}fi tl&
* ei n{ehp ho 9%=01&0= DJ }hulr ho 72% <% 7=9=% ch* onel }i oh np}fi tl&
* ei n{ehp ho 9%990&17 DJ }hulr ho 7% 2% 7=9=% ch* onel }i oh np}fi tl&
* ei n{ehp ho 9%7>9&=7 DJ }hulr ho 9=% 2% 7=9=% ch* onel }i oh np}fi tl&
* ei n{ehp ho 7%7<<&>0 DJ }hulr ho 9<% 2% 7=9=% ch* onel }i oh np}fi tl&
* ei n{ehp ho 9%010&>0 DJ }hulr ho 72% 2% 7=9=% ch* onel }i oh np}fi tl&
* ei n{ehp ho 9%391&12 DJ }hulr ho 0=% 2% 7=9=% ch* onel }i oh np}fi tl&
* ei n{ehp ho 9%91<&== DJ }hulr ho 7=% 3% 7=9=% ch* onel }i oh np}fi tl&
* ei n{ehp ho 07<&72 DJ }hulr ho 9?% 9=% 7=9=% ch* onel }i oh np}fi tl&
dih n ei ohdei ontn j| twhdhrl }hpt|}di | n{ehp| ho9%79>&== DJ& i prl | whd| ho 0= oi ei%
Hgi rklti ri pl t|mlen P_W DFNJI PAH]& rf% Ikfi Fi *ji omlji& Npthueh Ehrh Pi wi klrh& |f% Endhfl _lpfl <0I&oi pl ohpti ri }npjlei pji twi hgirfklehj }whtldhj 9<oi ei ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki npthc ei hcfi pehk ti gfn p|oi n | oelrenj ehrnei ji%
* Dio pij gnh jfio on{ikelw ndio pij twlgih pi rklt& }hjhz&eldn on ren fk| on p| jn ci oifn% _hnj endio el jhc| rwitntn& ifn thjhmoi jhc| }whpfn klontn g|o|*znj clelwi`n kiji% Pt|oletn jh* wi k| u|tn chjnf| eikwi{fnuntn knajnfkle ki oi gn jhcfn hhwjntnprh ki% [ith p| hridrn ohcivikn ri*men& nptidih kl Nfnz%
cfloieki ei cwio n pnceifn{i`n k|dh ki htdwn ri eklchr noletntlt }h* e|ontn }wloi riekl pfh rlepdhccwibudhc on{ikelwi Ghtkiei Gh* tipi Dleol& ohd zl h cwio| dihtwmnehk jiwdn ch rhwntn awritpdn
anpthwnuiw |jkltehptn n }whlphwanpthwn kl n tlhwn kl on{ikei Blvi R|*dnz% Ol kie Dwnz& cwibudn on{ikelw&}|gfn`npti n }wl rhontlfk& howmitzl }wloi riekl }ho eipfh rhj‖Ph`n kifn{ij n jholwehpt * cwib*
udn on{ike | }lwnho| ph`n kifnptnudljholwen{i`n kl‚& i jlv| }wloi*
riunji kl n Ol kiei Dignfkh& }wh* o|dt*on{ikelwn`i n{ I|ptwn kl%Jlv| pt|oletnji rfioi n rlfndh{ienjiekl {i }wloi riekl dh klzl howmitn }h{eitn n eicwivnrienawritpdn on{ikelwpdn orh ki` Gw|* dlti " Mnenz& i dh kl kl }fienwieh{i 9% eh rljgiw& | 9=%0= pitn | dn*e| Jlltnec ]hnet%
ehjleifel; Oi rhwdi kl njifi np*tieuie |d|p& {eifi ti hg|zn& {ei*fi }hen kltn }wnghw& {eifi pl ei*jneditn {i penjiekl n gnfi }ht}|*eh }wnwhoei }wlo dijlwhj& thfn*dh }wnwhoei oi enti en kl gnfh tl*dh ei}wi rntn% \pfn klonfl p| n{fhmgl
| @wrlehk ciflwn kn n | _litw|& pi rl* fndnj hwjitnji& {inpti& prn p| gn*fn {ionr fklen% Didri p| th on rei rwl* jlei gnfi& pklzi pl Jnfhjnw%
Oi rhwdi pl tidhvlw p wiohz|pklzi }wn kitlfkptri& ow|mleki& hth*cwib ki pi rkltwh rnthc Rnfpheh rhc l*tifnpti& np}wlo dnei 9% jik& }h}h*oel ri pi ohgwnj prkltfhj ei Rwi* iji& @wrlel ciflwn kl n hthdf|gi| }htdwhr fk|%
* Jnfhjnwh ri uiwhfn ki weh*gn kl*fna hthcwib ki%%% Rnokltn na }wrn }|t&npth kl th n {idhwiuntn | eh rn n klone* ptrlen prn klt prkltfi n pklei% Omlj*}lw n eleijltfkn ri Jnfhjnwh ri }wn* p|tehpt | cwio|% ]|eh chonei di*
pen kl& ei }|t| n{ peklmehc& h}dh*fklehc cwioi& | jh khk thwgn kl gnfim|ti d|tn ki pi Jnfhjnwh rnj hth*cwib kiji• ]wn kl eldhfndh chonei}hulfi pij }wi rntn f|tdl ho }i}nwi%Ptriwiekl eh rna fn`i dh ki nji k|prh k| ljh n k| n prh k| jif| mn rhte|
}wnu| gnh kl eiune oi pl p|hunj pi}whfhz| n }hd|ij piu| ritn n hg*eh rntn |p}hjlel ei eldi owici
rwljlei% \}ht}|entn heh th pij}hd|i rifi oi np}hfknj gnfh kl el* jhc|zl ohd enpij htrhwnfi prh k|m|t| d|tn k| n paritnfi oi eh rl f|tdl}wn}ioi k| prn klt| ptiwna hthcwib ki&diml Oi rhwdi%
Hei w|ueh n{wiv|kl f|tdn l& |dwi* pl n eidnt& n hrh kl eklei }wri n{fhmgiwioh ri% Ptie| kl | Fheohe|%
H Jnfhjnw| jnpfnjh oi prl {ei* jh% Ho jehch ulci th n}id el{eijh kl n th oi kl |rn kld |{ plgl u|*
Bnfj kl }howmifi n Bheoi n ki {idneljithcwib k| GnA& i | cfi rehk|fh{n zl pl eizn Phwi ki Zlanz& okl* rhkdi }h{eiti }h rfiptnthk hgwi* on rwfh }h}|fiwel }klpjl ‖Cie*ceij Pt~fl‚% E% P%
Ehrn bnfj Nriei Wijioiei
L} h ghpiepdhk ‖Imoikn‚
Kloei ho eicwivlena n eikcfl*oien kna }wlopti ri ei }whtldfhjJLPP*| ‖Rkltn`l‚ Piwi klr pdhcwitehc tlitwi oieip zl | tlwjn*enji ho 97 n 9? pitn gntn n{rlol*ei n ei p`len hrl }h{hwnel d|zl%
I|thwn`i }wlopti rl kl IfjneiOwneh& i gi{nwiei kl ei }wh kldt|‖Gikdl {i okl`| n howipfl‚& dh kn klnep}nwnpie lecflpdnj n wie`|p*dnj pfndh ren iji ‖Rkltn i Sne* enl‚& eik rlzlc |p}klai lecflpdldeknml rehptn {i okl`|& n ‖Dhe*cwlp rkltn i‚& i dh kl p| {i ga% twmn*tl }wl rlolel n hgkir fklel | n{* oiek| _OD*i ‖Tiane}inz‚%
[i ?< jne|ti hrl netlwidtn rel}wlopti rl cf|j`n Ji ki Pifdnz&
Ijnfi _lw{njlanz& Iei*Jni Jn*fnz& Plio ]ieo|w n Nchw Pdriwn`ijifnienji n howipfnji | }|gfn* n }hdi{| k| didh pl unti k| gikdl
| }h{hwnt| n ptriwi eh rn prn kltjitl pi okl`hj% ]wlopti ri kl}wnfichvlei okl`n |{wipti oh ol* rlt chonei& i ei <7% netlwei`n*heifehj tlitiwpdhj lptn rif|JLPP eicwivlei kl Pwlgwenjfh rhwh rnj rn kle`lj {i eikghfk|
Ei hpehr| ufi ei <=%& i | rl{n pi ufi ehj >=% [i dhei h owmi renj pf|mglen`nji n ei jkltlen`nji | hw ci enji owmi rel pf|mgl\epdh*piepdhc diethei !'Pf|mglen cfi pend \epdh*piepdhc diethei'& gw% <(97.& tl ufi ei 0% ]wi rnfendi h kloneptrlenj dwntl*wn knji n }hpt|}d| n{ghwi n }wn klji }wn}wi rendi n rhfhetlwi pi rnphdhj ptw|uehj p}wljhj | hw ci el owmi rel pf|mgl | \epdh*piepdhj diethe| !'Pf|mglen cfi pend \epdh*piepdhc diethei'& gw% 3(97.& Icle`n ki {i owmi re| pf|mg| Blolwi n kl Ghpel n
\rkltn; ]hwlo h}zna |rklti }wlornvlena ufi ehj 02% [i dhei h owmi renj pf|mglen`nji n ei jkltlen`nji | hw ci enji owmi relpf|mgl \epdh*piepdhc diethei& dieonoi tn twlgi k| np}|eki ri tn n pfklolzl }hplgel |rkltl |t rwvlel ]fi ehj }wn klji }wn}wi ren*di n rhfhetlwi gw% 99*0?*>2<0*9(97 ho 71% >% 7=97% cho% tl n{jklei ji n oh}|ei ji ]fi ei ho 9<% 9=% 7=97% cho%& n th;
N{ghw n }wn klj }wn}wi rendi n{rwnt zl pl ei hpehr| kloneptrlena dwntlwn ki |t rwvlena | ]wi rnfend| h kloneptrlenj dwntlwn knji n}hpt|}d| n{ghwi n }wn klji }wn}wi rendi n rhfhetlwi pi rnphdhj ptw|uehj p}wljhj | hw ci el owmi rel pf|mgl | \epdh*piepdhjdiethe|%
Ei}hjlei; ]wn klj }wn}wi rendi rwn pl ei howlvleh rwn kljl ho 9 !kloel. chonel%
]htwlgen ohd|jletn !hwncneifn nfn hrklwlel dh}n kl.;9% bi d|ftlt pdi on}fhji !ehptwnbn`nwi ei on}fhji& |dhfndh bi d|ftlt en kl {i rwle | GnA nfn kl on}fhji ptlulei | eldhk ho owmi ri
eipti fhk wi p}i ohj PBWK& ei dhe 2% ?% 9>>7% chonel.&7 % |rklwlekl bi d|ftlti h }whpkld| h`klei ei dhe {i rwlehc pt|on ki&0% |rklwlekl {i rhoi {i {i }hfki rie kl h o|mnen twi ki eki el{i }hpflehptn ei dhe ptkl`i eki on}fhjl RPP * RNN ptl}lei ptw|uel p}wl*
jl nfn }wrhc `ndf|pi rnphdhc hgwi {hri eki ghfhekpdhc pnptlji pt|onwi eki !|dhfndh pl dieonoit ei fi {n ei lrnole n kn {i rhoi.&? % w kllekl h |t rwvlehj ptl}le| neri fnoehptn !|dhfndh kl dho dieonoi ti |t rwvle ptl}le neri fnoehptn 2=, n rnl.&<% }h}|ekle }wn ki ren hgwi {i` Icle`n kl {i owmi re| pf|mg| Blolwi n kl GnA !jhml pl }wl|{ltn | }whpthwn ki ji Hoklf kle ki Icle*
`n kl {i Diethe 9= n \epdh*piepdn diethe | Fnre|& |f% Ci gwn klfi K|w dnzi gg& nfn ei slg ptwi en`n Icle`n klsss%iopbgna%chr%gi.%
Hpti fl ohd|jletl dh knji pl ohdi {| kl np}|eki rie kl h}zna |rklti dhed|w pi& n{i gwi en dieonoi tn zl gntn o|men ohpti rntn Icle*`n kn | whd| ho 1 oi ei ho oi ei }wn klji hgi rkltleki h wl{|fti tnji dhed|w pi%]wn ki r| ei dhed|wp& hoehpeh prl twi mlel ohd|jletl }htwlgeh kl ohpti rntn | whd| ho 1 oi ei ho oi ei hgki rl ki rehc dhed|w *pi ei slg ptwi en`n Icle`n kl& }|tlj }htl& }wl}hw|uleh ei iowlp|;
Icle`n ki {i owmire| pf|mg| Blolwi`n kl GnAHoklf kle kl Icle`n kl {i Diethe 9= n \epdh*piepdn diethe
7*00>* Ptw|uen piwioend {i hp}hphgfkirie kl n tidtnud| p}wljehpt |
Pldthw| {i {itnt| ho }hmiwi n ritwhciptrh * 9 !kloie. n{rwnfi`
H}np }hpfhri; H}np }hpfhri pi owmie kl | tldpt| Ki rehc dhed|w pi& dh kn kl hgkirfkle ei slg ptwi en`n Icle`n kl {i owmi re| pf|*mg| Blolwi n kl GnA sss%iopbgna%chr%gi
\rkltn; ]hwlo h}zna |rklti }wlornvlena ufi ehj 7<% [i dhei h owmi rehk pf|mgn | Blolwi n kn GnA& dieonoi tn twlgi k| np}|eki ri *tn n pfn klolzl }hplgel |rkltl& |t rwvlel ]wi rnfendhj h |e|twi ekhk hw ci en{i n kn& ei une| wi oi n pnptlji tn {i n kn wi oena jklpti \}wi rl {i `nrnfe| {i tnt| n ri twhciptrh Alw lchri udh*elwltriepdhc diethei& gw%93*=9*=?*02*039*2(97 ho 9>%=3%7=97% cho&n th;
* R PP * p tlulei on}fhji rnphdhc hgwi {hri eki * ptw|di hogwi el n pnc|w ehptn nfn ptw|dl }wnwhoeh*ji tlji tnudl& ji nepdl&tlaenudl& {i tntl ei wi o| n {i tntl ho }hmi wi&
* eikji ekl 9 !kloei. chonei wi oehc npd|ptri | ptw|`n ei dhe ptn`i eki RPP&* }h{ei ri ekl wi oi ei wi u|ei w|%
]wn kirfknrie kl ei dhed|wp;i. Dieonoi tn dh kn p| lrnoletnwi en | Wlcnptw| owmi rena pf|mglendi Blolwi n kl GnA dh kn rhon Icle`n ki {i owmi re| pf|mg| Bl*
olwi n kl GnA !}hpth klzn owmi ren pf|mglen`n. }wn kirfk| k| pl ei dhed|wp ohptirfkie klj |wloeh }h}|eklehc }wn ki rehc hgwip*`i Icle`n kl !jhml pl }wl|{ltn | }whpthwn ki ji Hoklf kle ki Icle`n kl {i Alw lchri udh*elwltriepdn n [i }i oehalw lchri *udn diethe& Iolji G|zi gg& 11== Jhptiw nfn ei slg ptwi en`n Icle`n kl sss%iopbgna%chr%gi .%
g. Hpti fn dieonoi tn o|men p| ohpti rntn pfklolz| ohd|jleti n k| !hwncneif nfn hrklwlel dh}n kl.;9% bi d|ftlt pd| on}fhj| !ehptwnbn`nwi ei on}fhji& |dhfndh bi d|ftlt en kl {i rwle | GnA nfn kl on}fhji ptlulei | eldhk ho
owmi ri eipti fhk wi p}i ohj PBWK ei dhe 2%?%9>>7% chonel.7% }ht rwo|(|rklwlekl h wi oehj pti m| | ptw|`n ei dhe ptn`i eki RPP&0% dieonoi tn dh kn hgirfki k| }hpfhrl ei jkltlendi | hw ci e| owmi rel pf|mgl n dh kn p| ptldfn RPP nfn rnphdh hgwi {hri ekl
}wrhc& ow|chc n twlzlc ndf|pi ghfhekpdhc pnptlji pt|onwi eki& o|men p| ohpti rntn n;* ohdi{ oi p| {i }hpflen | hw ci e| owmi rel pf|mgl dih ei jkltlen`n n ohdi{ h }lt chonei wi oehc npd|ptri | hw ci en*
ji owmi rel pf|mgl& ei dhe }hfhmlehc ptw|uehc np}nti {i ei jkltlendi n* ohdi{ h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj np}nt| {i ei jkltlendi
?% ohdi{ h }h{ei ri ek| wi oi ei wi u|ei w|<% |wloeh }h}|ekle }wn ki ren hgwi {i` Icle`n kl !jhml pl }wl|{ltn | }whpthwn ki ji Hoklf kle ki Icle n kl {i Alw lchri udh*
Dieonoi tn dh kn ohpti rl ohdi{ h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj |}wi rehj np}nt|& ki rehj np}nt| {i owmi rel pf|mglendl | neptnt|`n ki ji Ghpel n Alw lchrnel nfn }wi rhp|oehj np}nt| n{|{nji k| pl ho }hfi ci eki np}nti h}zlc {ei eki%
Ei}hjlei; \ pf|ui k| oi Icle n ki el wi p}hfi ml }hoi nji dh kn pl hoehpl ei }h klonel |pfhrl dhed|w pi& dieonoi tn dh kn nji * k| pti t|p owmi rehc pf|mglendi zl gntn o|men }htwlgel ohdi {l h np}|eki rie k| |pfhri dhed|w pi ohpti rntn Icle`n kn | whd| ho <oi ei ho oi ei }wn klji hgi rn klptn Icle`n kl dh khj pl twi mn ohptirfkie kl ohdi {i%
H oit|j|& rwljle| n jklpt| }hficieki np}nti h}zlc {eieki n ptw|uehc np}nti dieonoitn zl gntn hgirn kltlen }|tlj slgptwien`l Icle`n kl {i owmire| pf|mg| Blolwi`n kl GnA& sss%iopbgna%chr%gi% Njlei dieonoiti pl el hgkirfk| k|%
N{i gwi en dieonoit kl o|mie | whd| ho 1 oi ei ho oi ei }wn klji hgi rkltleki h wl{|fti tnji dhed|w pi& ohpti rntn Icle`n kn prl oh*di {l h np}|eki rie k| h}zna |rklti dhed|w pi%
]wn ki r| ei dhed|wp& hoehpeh prl twi mlel ohd|jletl twlgi ohpti rntn | whd| ho 1 oi ei ho hgki rl ki rehc dhed|w pi ei slg ptwi *en`n Icle`n kl& }|tlj }htl& }wl}hw|uleh ei iowlp|;
Icle`n ki {i owmire| pf|mg| BGnAHoklf kle kl Icle`n kl {i Alw lchriudh*elwltriepdn n [i}ioehalw`lchriudn diethe
H}znepdn p|o | Pi wi klr|& p|on ki Pi elfi Chw|i ehrnz * G|*tncie& | }wi rehk ptri wn t|mntlfki Jndwhdwlontei bheoi n ki 'LDN' Pi wi klrh& {ipt|}i ei }h }|ehjhzend| Ionen G|{|wh*rnz& iorhdi t| n{ Pi wi klri& }whtnr t|mlena Endnz Ei {nb n{ Pi *wi klri& |f% Rwi {hri gw% 3& Endnz Ki pjnei n{ Pi wi klri& |f% Rwi *{hri gw% 3 n Ahomi Rnfoi ei n{ Pi wi klri& |f% Dwhjhfk gw% ?0&wi on o|ci& rwn kloehpt }wlojlti p}hwi 0%37>&37 DJ& ei hpeh*r| ufi ei 0?1% ptir 0% [i dhei h }iw enuehj }hpt|}d| !'Pf%ehrnel Blolwi n kl GnA& gwhk <0(=0& 30(=<& 9>(=2 * | oi fkljtldpt| []]*i.
HGKIRFK\KL HCFIP(ohptiri t|mgl ei hochrhw(
Oi ei 93% ?% 7=97% chonel t|mntlfk kl dho hrhc p|oi }hoenht|mg| }whtnr t|mlena& wi on o|ci& dh knj p| t|mlen o|men t|mn*tlfk| phfnoiw eh np}fi tntn o|meh }htwi mnri ekl | ehr`| | n{eh*p| ho 0%37>&37 DJ pi }wn}i oi k|znj {i dhepdnj di ji ti ji dh kl pl nji k| wi u|ei tn ei n{ehp ho 0%0?9%=1 DJ !ohp}klfi cfi ren`i. n th }hulr ho oi ei }hoehleki t|mgl oh np}fi tl&}ho }wn kltekhj n{rwleki& dih n ei dei ontn }iw enuel twhdhrl&i prl | whd| ho 0= oi ei ho oi ei ohpti rl }wlp|ol%Hrnj }|tlj& t|mlenj ENDTNZ EI[NB\ n ENDTNZ KIP*JNEN pl ohptirfki t|mgi ei hochrhw pahoeh howlogn ufi ei 2>% []]*i% _|mlen p| o|men eikdi pen kl | whd| ho 0= oi ei
ohpti rntn p|o| }npi en hochrhw ei t|mg| | ohrhfkehj gwh k|}wnjklwi di {i p|o n }whtnre| ptwied| * ori npthrkltei }wnj* klw di !ufie 3=% ptir 9% n ufie 00?% ptir <% []]*i.% Ho chrhw ei t|mg| jhwi gntn wi {|jfknr n pi owmi ri tn; h{ei d| p|oi& njln }wl{njl& hoehpeh ei {nr }wi rel hphgl& }wlgnri fntl nfn gh* wi rntl& hoehpeh pklontl ptwi ei di& eknahrna {i dhepdna {ip*
t|}endi n }|ehjhzendi& idh na nji k|& }wlojlt p}hwi& pi *owmik n{ki rl n }ht}np }hoehpntlfki !ufie 00?% ptir 7% []]*i.%\ hochrhw| ei t|mg|& t|mlen zl npti zn jhc|zl }wh`lpel }wn*chrhwl n n{ki pentn pl oi fn }wn{ei kl nfn hp}hwi ri }hptirfklent|mglen {iatklr !ufie 39% ptir 9% []]*i.% Idh t|mlen hp}h* wi ri k| t|mglen {iatklr& hochrhw ei t|mg| jhwi pi owmi tn n wi* {fhcl n{ dh kna pl t|mglen {iatklr hp}hwi ri& uneklen`l ei dh* knji t|mlen {i penri k| prh kl ei rhol& ohdi {l dh knji pl |t *rwv|k| tl uneklen`l& tl }wi ren hpehr {i ei rhol t|mlehc !ufie39% ptir 7% []]*i.% _|mlen jhc| | hochrhw| ei t|mg|& i eikdi pen kl ei }wn}wljehj whunt|& }hoen kltn }whtnrt|mg|!ufie 3?% ptir 9% []]*i.%Dio t|mlen& dhjl kl |wloeh ohptirfklei t|mgi | dh khk kl t|*mnfi` }wlofhmnh ohehlekl }wlp|ol {ghc }wh}|ti eki el ohp*ti rn }npi en hochrhw ei t|mg| | {i dhepdhj whd|& p|o zl oh*en kltn }wlp|o| dh khj pl |p ri ki t|mglen {iatklr !}wlp|oi {ghc }wh}|ti eki.& hpnj idh kl t|mglen {iatklr huncfloehelhpehrie !ufie 917% ptir 9% []]*i.%Hgi rklti ri pl t|mlen oi pl ohpti ri }npjlei pji twi hgirf* klehj }whtldhj whdi ho 9< oi ei ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki hrhc }npjlei | oelrenj ehrnei ji Blolwi n kl GnA n ei hcfi pehk ti gfn p|oi& tl oi }wnfhcl ohptirfklel |{ t|mg| jh*ml }honzn | {cwi on p|oi%
P|on kiPielfi Chw|iehrnz * G|tncie
HGIRNKLP_ RH[IUNJI)Ghpiepdhalw`lchriudn i|th*jhth df|g | pdfio| pi \chrhwhj pi K] @lptl Blolwi`n kl Ghpel n Alw`lch*
rnel ei }how|uk| diethei(m|}ien ki;
* \epdh*piepdhc * Piwi klrpdhc
* _|{fiepdhc * Alw`lchriudh*elwltriepdhc n
* [lenudh*ohghkpdhc * Pwloekhghpiepdhc
* Ghpiepdh}hownekpdhc
hgirl{ie kl }w|mntn |pf|cl }hjhzn ei kirenj `lptiji gl{ eideiol%
]h{nrhj ei tlf% !=00. 9717 hoehpeh !=00. 717*9== pi bndpehc nfn jhgnfehc tlflbhei prn jhthwn{hrien
\pfhrn; ]hwlo {i dhehj }wh}npi ena |pfhri {i {i penri ekl wi oehc hoehpi& dieonoi tn twlgi oi np}|eki ri k| n pfn klolzl |pfhrl;* RTP(PPP jlon`nepdi dhfi * pjklw fi ghwiet&
9 chonei wi oehc npd|ptri | ptw|`n& }hfhmle ptw|uen np}nt&hohgwlekl {i pi jhpti fie wio * fn`le`i n{oi ti ho ei oflmel dhjhwl
]wn ki rl ei hcfip pi ohdi {nji h np}|eki rie k| |pfhri ohpti rntn ei iowlp|;
Dfnenudn letiw \enrlw {ntlti | Pi wi klr|Ghfenudi gw% 7<
Ptw|uei eljlon`nepdi onp`n}fnei !}whthdhf.
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On t|wghon{lfii pi 9>3 DP& tl 7%?CON gle{nepdhc jhthwi pi 9>7 DP&dih ehrntlt }hkirnzl pl n n 7%= @W*On jhthw pi 9<= DP% Wi{fhc {ith}lwbhwjiepl jhthwi jhwik| gntn
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kn pl hrl pl{hel& hpnj | dfipnuehk& }h ki rnh n |jholwen khk riwn kietn% _idh p| pl }hwlo {lflenanfn pjlvna o|ciudna di}|ti pi {fitenj nfn pwl*gwenj o|cjionji& nptide|tnj wijlenji ndwicehj& | eh rnj dhfld`n kiji eifn dwizn jh*olfn& kidel n pidhn pi w|pdhj dwicehj | wrl*ehk& pn rhk nfn }fi rhk gh kn% Htjkle n jholwie fh*hd jhml pl ohgntn dhjgnei n khj aifknei | jn*fntiwn ptnf| dwitdna nfn o|ciudna& |pdna& wi rehc dwh*
ki& ifn n ptw|dnwiena n rhkenudna un{iji nfn pidhi% Rhkenudl }ietifhel }h ki rnfl p| pl | wi{fnuntnj
dwh kl rnji n dhjgnei n kiji& i eikghfkl pth kl di*
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kidel }whiwiel }wl}h{eitfkn rnj rhkenudnj ol*{lehj% ]wloehpt jnfntiwn hoklzl kl n | thjl thpl ekhj jhmltl }hncwitn ei wi{el eiunel& oi kldhjgne| kltl pi whjietnuenj aifkneiji nfn p|*dekiji& rnphdnj tndfiji& }h`n kl}ienj iw*jlwdiji& | {i rnpehptn ho thci didir fhhd mlfn*tl& lflcietie nfn flmlwie%
Dhj}ien ki Wh`dptiw Cijlp kl ei ki rnfi oi zl hgki rntn Ieen* rlwpiw~ Lontnhe& rlw{n k| prh klCwieo _lt I|th; Rn`l @nt~ ncwl{i nHP n Ieowhno }fithwjl%Nidh }whcwijlwn enp| htdwnfn ti*uie oit|j }|tieki eipfh ri&hen p|& n}id& p}hjle|fn oi pl wi*on h hrhk klplen% Wh`dptiw Cijlp
kl& tidhvlw& }hw|unh oi zl rnloltifki h hrhjl gntn }h{eith th* dhj eiwloena plojn`i& |dfk|*u| k|zn t| n fnpt| dhj}itngnfena
Ieowhno tigflti n pjiwthei%]wlji hehjl th ei kir fk| klWh`dptiw& ncwi zl ohen kltn }|ehnpd|ptrh hwncneifehc eipfh ri {iwiu|eiw ei jhgnfel |wlvikl&dih th kl eitn rei cwibdi rnph*dl wl{hf|`n kl& dih n jehch kl*
n Ieowhno h}lwitn renj pnptljn*ji& rwfh rklwh riteh kl oi zlncwi wiontn pijh ei anca*leojholfnji%
C_I Rn`l @nt~ ptnml ei Ieowhno n nHP
Npd|ptrh hwncneifehc eipfhri
Trlopdi dhj}ien ki nfcne}wlopti rnfi kl AC70==& cncign*
ten wh|tlw {i d|zel dhwnpendl njiekl bwjl% \wlvik& dh kn dhj* }ien ki ei{n ri Cncignt AhjlCitlsi~& }howmi ri cncigntenFIE !? dheldthwi. n SIE tl1=7%99e glmnuel jwlml n ei* }wloel OL@ jhc|zehptn% ]h* pfkloekl pl hoehpn ei }howd|{i oh lpt tlflhei tl nfcheh rh
RhN] wkllekl p }howdhj {iPN] }whq~ n ieifhce netlwi`l%Jhc|zl kl ohoi riekl {iplgena
tlflhepdna gwh kl ri }h rl{ienj|wlviknji& i }whn{rhviu nptnul
n OL@ }howd| {i ptieoiwo@I *ny 7%= tl p g|o|znj eioh* cwioekiji ph trlwi }howd| {i@I *ny 0%=& @I *ny ?%= n \FL%
]howmie kl n 0 C SIE |{ oh* oi riekl \PG 0 C jholji tleldhfndh tlaehfhcn ki |tlollelwcn kl% Dhj}ien ki nptnul ngw{ }wh`lphw {io|mle {i drifn* tltel cfiph rel jhc|zehptn n cn* cignteh }wl|pjklwi riekl& ohd `n klei en kl hgkir fklei%
Cncignten AC70==
Huldn rifh pl ho Cncig~tli oiei ki rn eldl cwibudl diwtn`l dh klgn gnfl | dhj}flt| pi glp}fi*tenj ncwiji hrna oiei& ifn kldhj}ien ki hrik }|t hof|unfi oi pl
owmn hpeh ri% Eh ri cwibudi diwtn*`i pl }h kir fk| kl |pdhwh n ehpn dh* oeh njl CR*W31<SB7*9CO& ohd
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Ei hpehr| ufi ei 1% [i dhei h jnenptiw pdnj& rfi onenj n ow|cnj njlehri eknji Blolwi n kl Ghpel n Alw *`lchrnel !'Pf|mglel ehrnel Blolwi n kl Ghpel n Alw lchrnel'& gwhk; 97(=0 n 0?(=0.& ti udl NNN Hof|dl h|t rwvnri ek| |pfhri n dwntlwn ki {i njlehri eki | wlc|fnwi el hw ci el * }wlunzlen tldpt !'Pf|mglel ehrnel_|{fiepdhc diethei'& gwhk; ?(97. n hof|dl h oh}|ei ji Hof|dl h |t rwvnri ek| |pfhri n dwntlwn ki {i njl*ehri eki | wlc|fnwi el hw ci el !'Pf|mglel ehrnel _|{fiepdhc diethei& gwhk; 2(97.& Jnenptiw ptrh hgwi {h*ri eki& ei |dl& d|ft|wl n p}hw ti _|{fiepdhc diethei wi p}np| kl
K IR E N H C F I P{i njlehriekl }wlopkloendi n ufiehri \}wirehc hoghwi K\ \enrlw{ntlt | _|{fn
H}np }hpfhri \}wi rehc hoghwi;\}wi ren hoghw \enrlw {ntlti _|{fi kl hw cie |}wirfkie ki n ei oflmie kl oi oi kl jnfkle kl h Pti t|t| \enrlw {n*tlti tl ohehpn h}zn idt h |e|twi ekhk hw ci en{i n kn n pnptlji tn{i n kn wi oena jklpti n ow|cl h}zl idtl | pdfi o|pi {i dhehj n pti t|thj& |t rwv|kl }fi ehrl bneiepnwi eki n wi {rh ki& ohehpn chonekn }whcwij wi oi \enrlw {ntl*ti ei }wn klofhc plei ti \enrlw {ntlti& ohehpn bneiepnkpdn }fie n |pri ki chonekn hgwi u|e& |pjklwi ri& dhetwhfn*wi n h`klek| kl wio wldthwi | ohjle| bneiepnkpdhc }hpfhri eki& wkli ri }nti eki hoehpi pi hpenri ulj& hof|u|* kl h dhwntlek| pwlopti ri {i wio | pdfi o| pi Pti t|thj& hochri wi hpenri u| {i wl{|fti tl wi oi \enrlw {ntlti& hof|*u| kl h }wnchrhw| {i }hpflendi ei hof|dl hw ci ei \enrlw {ntlti dh kn p| | }wrhj ptl}le| hof|unri fn h }wi rnji&hgi rl{i ji n hochrhw ehptnji {i }hpflendi n{ wi oehc hoehpi& eikji ekl kloie}|t chonekl }hoehpn hpenri *u| n{rkltik h }hpfhri ek|& hgirfki n ow|cl }hpfhrl | pdfi o| pi {i dhehj& idthj h hpenri ek| n Pti t|thj%
Ufi ehrl \}wi rehc hoghwi n{ wloi hpenri ui njle| kl Rfi oi _|{fiepdhc diethei% Ufi ehrnji \}wi rehchoghwi \enrlw {ntlti }wn}i oi ei dei oi {i wio%
NNI. [i }wlopkloendi n ufi ei \}wi rehc hoghwi \enrlw {ntlti _|{fi jhml gntn njlehrie dieonoit dh kn np*
}|eki ri pfn klolzl h}zl |pfhrl;* oi kl owmirfki ene Ghpel n Alw lchrnel&* oi kl pti wn kn ho 91 chonei& ifn el pti wn kn ho 2< chonei&* oi kl {owirptrleh p}hphgie {i hgirfkie kl }hpfhri ei dh kl pl dieono| kl&* oi en kl ht}|tle n{ owmi rel pf|mgl dih wl{|ftit onp`n}fnepdl jklwl ei gnfh dh klj enrh| rfiptn |
GnA | }lwnho| ho twn chonel }wn kl oi ei hgkirfknrie ki |}wimeklel }h{n`n kl !{i dieonoi tl dh kn wi *ol nfn p| wi onfn | hw ci enji owmi rel pf|mgl.&
* oi en kl hp|vnrie {i dwnrnueh oklfh&* oi en kl dimeki rie n{ hgfiptn }wnrwloehc }wlpt|}i n oi j| en kl n{wlulei {i tntei jklwi {i gwi el
rwleki }h{nri& oklfi tehptn nfn o|mehptn&* oi pl ei eklci el hoehpn ufie NQ 9% \pti ri Ghpel n Alw lchrnel&* oi en kl n{i gwi en {ri enuend& ehpnfi` n{rwena b|ed`n ki nfn pi rkltend | pjnpf| [i dhei h p|dhg| ne*
tlwlpi | hw ci enji rfiptn | Blolwi n kn Ghpel n Alw lchrnel !'Pf|mglel ehrnel Blolwi n kl Ghpeln Alw lchrnel'& gwhk; 3=(=1.%
G. ]hwlo h}zna |pfhri& dieonoi tn {i }wlopkloendi n ufi ei \}wi rehc hoghwi \enrlw {ntlti _|{fi jhwi k|np}|eki ri tn n pfn klolzl }hplgel |pfhrl;* oi }hpklo| kl RNN ptl}le ptw|uel p}wljl nfn ldrnri flet&* oi nji eikji ekl }lt !<. chonei wi oehc npd|ptri ei dhe ptn`i eki rnphdl ptw|uel p}wljl ei }hpfh*
rnji | hdrnw| prhc {i enji eki&* oi en kl ufie |}wi rehc& n{rwehc nfn ow|chc hw ci ei }hfntnudl ptwiedl&* oi elji }wnri ten bneiepnkpdn netlwlp | wlc|fnwi ehj hw ci e| {i dh kn pl dieono| kl&* oi en kl ufie |}wi rehc nfn eio{hw ehc hoghwi ow|chc wlc|fnwi ehc hw ci ei& i |dhfndh klptl ufie ow|chc
|}wi rehc nfn eio{hw ehc hoghwi ow|chc wlc|fnwi ehc hw ci ei& dieonoit zl ohpti rntn hrklwle| n{ki r| oi zl }h dhei uehj njlehri ek| hopt|}ntn pi ei rlolel }h{n n kl | whd| ho ploij oi ei ho oi ei njleh*ri eki& p tnj oi pl hrik |pfhr el hoehpn ei ufi ehrl dhfpdna hoghwi hpehrena n pwloekna dhfi&
* oi en kl | wi oehj hoehp| | hw ci enji dh kn rwl eio{hw eio }whrhvleklj {i dhei n{ hgfiptn rnph*dhc hgwi {hri eki n eio{hw eio {i dhenthz| wi oi rnphdhdhfpdl |pti ehrl&
* oi dieonoit en kl onwldthw ki rel |pti ehrl dh ki pl bneiepnwi n{ dietheifehc g|omlti nfn dietheif*ehc rieg|omlt pdhc bheoi%
NNN\{ }wn ki r|& dieonoi tn p| o|men }wnfhmntn;
* gnhcwi bn k|& iowlp| n dhetidt*tlflbhe&* ohdi{ h dhfpdhk p}wljn !on}fhji nfn |rklwlekl h on}fhjnwi ek|.&* }ht rwo| ei oflmehc hw ci ei h wi oehj pti m| n{ dh kl kl rnofknrh oi dieonoit nji eikji ekl }lt chonei !<.
wi oehc npd|ptri ei dhe ptn`i eki rnphdl ptw|uel p}wljl ei }hpfhrnji | hdrnw| prhc {i enji eki&* @N]P*hri fnuei diw ti !hrklwlei bhthdh}n ki.&* hrklwle| n{ki r| oi dieonoit en kl hp|vnrie {i dwnrnueh oklfh * el pti wn ki ho twn jklpl`i&
* |rklwlekl ei oflmehc h}znepdhc p|oi oi dieonoit en kl dimeki rie n{ hgfiptn }wnrwloehc }wlpt|}i n oi j| en kl n{wlulei {i tntei jklwi {i gwi el rwleki }h{nri& oklfi tehptn nfn o|mehptn * el pti wn klho twn jklpl`i&
* }ht rwo| ei oflmehc hw ci ei nfn |rklwlekl oi pl }whtnr dieonoi ti en kl rhonh onp`n}fnepdn }hpt|}identn kl ht}|tle n{ owmi rel pf|mgl dih }hpfklon`i onp`n}fnepdl jklwl !{i dieonoi tl dh kn p| wi onfnnfn kh wi ol | owmi rehk pf|mgn. * el pti wn k| ho twn jklpl`i&
* hrklwle| n{ki r| dieonoi ti h np}|eki rie k| |pfhri n{ ti udl NN% I. ifnel ki 3% n 1% n ti udl NN% G. ifn*el ki 0& ?& <& 2% n 3%
\rklwlekl h {owirptrlehk p}hphgehptn o|men p| ohpti rntn dieonoi tn dh kn g|o| dhei ueh njlehri en {i }wlopkloendi nfn ufi ei \}wi rehc hoghwi K\ \enrlw {ntlt | _|{fn%
NROhd|jletn dh kn pl }wnfi m| |{ }wn ki r| ei ki ren hcfip jhwi k| gntn hwncnei fn nfn hrklwlel dh}n kl%]wn ki r| pi twi mlehj ohd|jleti n khj }htwlgeh kl ohpti rntn | whd| ho 9< oi ei ho oi ei }hpfkloeklc hgkir*fknrie ki hcfi pi%Hcfip zl gntn hgkirfkle | 'Pf|mglenj ehrnei ji Blolwi n kl Ghpel n Alw lchrnel' n oelrenj ehrn*ei ji 'Hpfhghvlekl'%]wn ki r| pi prnj twi mlenj ohd|jletnji ohpti rntn fnueh nfn }wl}hw|ulehj }hnfkdhj | {i trhwlehk dhrlw *tn ei iowlp|;
Bheo {owirptrlehc hpnc|wi eki Gwudh onptwndti GnA& ei hpehr| ufi ei 7% ]wi rnfendi h {i }hfki *rie k| | Bheo| {owirptrlehc hpnc|wi eki Gwudh onptwndti GnA& gwhk; =9<*91=(3*=====1(=3 ho 77%<% 7==3% chonel& ei hpehr| Hof|dl h wi p}npnri ek| ki rehc dhed|w pi& gwhk; =9<*91=(1*00(99 ho71% 2% 7=99% chonel& wi p}np| kl
K IR E N D H E D \ W P[I ]WNKLJ \ WIOEN HOEHP EI ELHOWLVLEH RWNKLJL
Ei {nr }hpfhoir`i; Bheo {owirptrlehc hpnc|wi eki Gwudh onptwndti GnA !| oi fklj tldpt|; Bheo.
Ei {nr wi oehc jklpti; 0%7% Wlblwlet {i }wirel }hpfhrl
H}np }hpfhri wi oehc jklpti;9. Rhon |}wi ren }hpt|}id47. Iojnenptwnwi wio dhjnpn ki Bheoi40. Rwn }hpfhrl n{ hgfiptn ki rena ei girdn | Bheo|4?. N{wiv|kl h}tl idtl n{ oklfhdw|ci wi oi Bheoi4
<. N{wiv|kl |}|t ptri h }wnjklen jlv|owmi rena p}hwi {|ji n{ hgfiptn ph`n kifehc hpnc|wi eki42. N{wiv|kl dwntlwn k|jl& ptieoiw ol n ehw ji tnrl {i n{wi o| |chrhwi pi {owirptrlenj |pti ehri *
ji n rwn oh}|el ehjledfi t|wl {owirptrlena |pf|ci43. N{wiv|kl |chrhwl h }w|mi ek| |pf|ci {owirptrlel {i tntl& iei fn{nwi n }wi tn eknahrh n{rwlekl
n wlifn{i n k| |chrhwi n }wlofi ml jklwl {i wi nhei fn{i n k|41. Dhhw onenwi pi {owirptrlenj |pti ehri ji pi dh knji Bheo nji {i dfk|ulel |chrhwl h }w|*
mi ek| {owirptrlena |pf|ci4>. N{wiv|kl hof|dl h hohgwi ri ek| wlb|eoi n kl ei dei ol }fi ti49=. Rwn iei fn{l n }wh`klel n{rwleki |chrhwi h }whrhvlek| {owirptrlel {i tntl499. Hgirfki n ow|cl }hpfhrl }h ei fhc| }hjhzendi onwldthwi {i }wi rel n h}tl }hpfhrl n }h*
jhzendi onwldthwi {i {owirptrle| {i tnt|
Gwhk n{rwnfi i; 9 !kloie.
]fi ten wi {wlo; RNNN*9
Jnenjifen |pfhrn dh kl jhwi oi np}|eki ri dieonoit;9. Rnphdi ptw|uei p}wlji !RNN ptl}le. * ]wi ren bi d|ftlt47. 9 !kloei. chonei wi oehc npd|ptri | ptw|`n& ei dhe {i rwlehc bi d|ftlti
Whd n jklpth }hoehleki }wn ki rl;Ki ren dhed|wp kl htrhwle ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki | pwloptrnji ki rehc nebhw jnpi eki n twi kl oh9?% 99% 7=97% chonel& oh 92 ui phri%
EI]HJLEI;Nebhw ji n kl h h}tnj n }hplgenj |pfhrnji {i {i penri ekl wi oehc hoehpi }h ei rlolehj ki rehjdhed|w p|& dih n hpti fl nebhw ji n kl n hgwi {i` }wn ki rl& {i netlwlphri en dieonoi tn jhc| ohgntn | {cwi *on Bheoi& |f% R|di P% Di wi omnzi gw% ?& ei iftlw| gwhk 2%Dhetidt*hphgi kl W|pjnwi Ci fn ki thrnz& tlf% =?>(799*9=7 n =?>(792*0??
H}znepdn p|o | Pi wi klr|& n th p|on ki Inoi Gi athrnz& | }wi *rehk ptri wn t|mntlfki Wi nb blnple Gied GA OO Pi wi klrh& |f%[ji ki ho Ghpel gg& }whtnr t|mlel Ki pjnei Klfnz n{ Pi wi klri&|f% Cwgi rnudi gw% 990& wi on o|ci& rp}% >%===&7< DJ& ei hp*ehr| ufiei 0?1% ptir 0% [idhei h }iwenuehj }hpt|}d|Blolwi`n kl GnA& hgkirfk| kl pfklolzn
H C F I P* ohptiri t|mgl t|mlehj *
Oi ei 7<% ?% 7=97% chonel t|mntlfk kl }|tlj }|ehjhzendi }h*oenh t|mg| }whtnr t|mlel KLFNZ KIPJNEI& wi on o|ci& rp}%>%===&7< DJ% _|mghj twi mn oi p|o ohelpl }wlp|o|% _|ml*en kl o|mie t|mntlfk| ei njl o|ci }h |chrhw| h dwlont| n{jnw*ntn klfhd|}eh ohp}klfh elei }fi zleh ehrui eh }htwi mnri ekl |n{ehp| ho >%===&7< DJ pi {i dhepdhj {i tl{ehj di ji thjdh ki pl wi u|ei {i }lwnho ho }hoehleki p|o| hrl t|mgl& ohdhei uel np}fi tl n ei njl o|ci }h |chrhw| h dhwntlek| olg*ntel diw tn`l t|mlei kl o|mei t|mnh`| n{jnwntn klfhd|}eh ohp*}klfh elei }fi zleh ehrui eh }htwi mnri ekl | n{ehp| 9%1=<&2=DJ pi {i dhepdhj {i tl{ehj di ji thj dh ki pl wi u|ei }hulrho oi ei }hoehleki t|mgl }i oh dhei uel np}fi tl& |dfk|u| k|*
zn n twhdhrl hrhc }hpt|}di& prl | whd| ho 0= oi ei }ho }wn* kltekhj }wne|oehc n{rwleki%
Hgi rklti ri pl t|mlen oi kl ei hpehr| ufiei 3=% ptir 9%[]]*i o|mie eikdipen kl | whd| ho 0= oiei ho oiei }wn* klji t|mgl ohptirntn p|o| }npien hochrhw ei t|mg|% Ho*chrhw ei t|mg| jhwi gntn wi {|jfknr n pi owmi ri tn; h{ei d| p|*oi& njl n }wl{njl& hoehpeh ei {nr }wi rel hphgl& }wlgnri fntlnfn ghwi rntl& hoehpeh pklontl ptwi ei di& eknahrna {i dhepdna
{ipt|}endi n }|ehjhzendi& idh na nji k|& }wlojlt p}hwi& pi *owmik n{ki rl n }ht}np }hoehpntlfki !ufie 00?% []]*i.%\ hochrhw| ei t|mg|& t|mlen zl npti zn jhc|zl }wh`lpel }wn*chrhwl n n{ki pentn pl oi fn }wn{ei kl nfn hp}h wi ri }hptirfklent|mglen {iatklr !ufie 39% ptir 9% []]*i.%
Idh t|mlen hp}hwi ri t|mglen {iatklr& hochrhw ei t|mg| jh*wi pi owmi tn n wi {fhcl n{ dh kna pl t|mglen {iatklr hp}hwi ri& un*eklen`l ei dh knji t|mlen {i penri prh kl ei rhol& ohdi {l dh* knji pl |t rwv|k| tl uneklen`l& tl }wi ren hpehr {i ei rhol t|*mlehc !ufie 39% ptir 7% []]*i.% _|mlen jhml | hochrhw| ei t|mg|& i eikdi pen kl ei }wn}wljehj whunt| }hoen kltn }whtnr*t|mg| !ufie 3?% ptir 9% []]*i.%
Dio t|mlen& dhjl kl |wloeh ohptirfklei t|mgi | dh khk kl t|*mnfi` }wlofhmnh ohehlekl }wlp|ol {ghc }wh}|ti eki el ohp*ti rn }npi en hochrhw ei t|mg| | {i dhepdhj whd|& p|o zl oh*en kltn }wlp|o| dh khj pl |p ri ki t|mglen {iatklr !}wlp|oi {ghc }wh}|ti eki.& hpnj idh kl t|mglen {iatklr huncfloehelhpehrie !ufie 917% ptir 9% []]*i.%
Idh ptwiedi nfn ekle {ipt|}end | thd| }hpt|}di nfn }wn kl nptldi whdi ho lpt jklpl`n ei dhe }wi rhjhzehc hdheui eki }hpt|}*di }whjn klel iowlp| ei dh k| pl ohpti ri hgirfki& o|men p| h th*jl hojia hgi rn klptntn p|o& | p|}whtehj& p|o zl howlontn oi ploi fkl ohpti rl | }iw en`n hgirfki k| hgkirfknrie klj }npjlei ei hcfi pehk }fhun p|oi& prl ohd ptwiedi nfn ekle {ipt|}end el hgi *rn klptl p|o h prh khk ehrhk iowlpn !ufie 0<7% []]*i.%
Hochrhw ei t|mg| pi }wnfh{nji pl }wloi kl p|o| | ohrhfkehjgwh k| }wnjklwi di {i p|o n }whtnre| ptwied| }h{nrhj ei gwhk
}wlojlti%
Hgi rklti ri pl t|mlen oi pl ohpti ri }npjlei pji twi hgirf* klehj }whtldhj whdi ho 9< oi ei ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki hrhc }npjlei | oelrenj ehrnei ji BGnA n ei hcfi pehk ti *gfn p|oi& tl pl nptn hgi rklti ri oi }wnfhcl ohptirfklel |{ t|*mg| jhml }honzn | {cwi on p|oi%
\ wip}np| pl diml didh kl ‖}wlo *pkl oend Dwifklr pdl rfiol Ghmn oiw ]|wnz hgirlptnh wionh cwijhj oi kl {ioitid ehrl Dwifklr pdl rfiol | dh*khk pij jn enptiw rhk pdl& jhw eiwn l n ri{ o|ah}fhr ptri& oi |ow|ml enj n }h kiuienj ei}hwn ji K| chpfhrlepdl rhk pdl n eiwhoi | htiomgn en n Rfiol | nehptwieptr| |un en prl oi th }wn *kl ohvl oh hpfhghvleki htiomgn el&dih n oi }wn }wl jn ldhehjpd| hgeh*
r| {l jfkl n eik }wl en kl peigol riekl ptiehren tri }hpfl hpfhghvleki%Rfioi kl k| chpfhrlepdn hwn kletn piein ml fn oi |p}hptir fki {i kl oen udn wio p rl whj | ghfk| g|o|zehpt%Dwifklr pdi rfioi hul d| kl ho jl el }ht}|e| }ht}hw| oi |prnj dwi kl rn ji K| chpfirn kl pkl on enj prl pei cl }ho prh k|dhjieo| n oi }ho jh khj dh*jieohj | oiehj uip| }whtl *wijh el }wn kitl fki n{ htiomgn el%]wlo pl oend Rfiol jhfn oi |rl *wnj prl ghw l K| chpfhrlepdl rhk *pdl& oi zl jh k| chpfhrlepdn ghw n n ki fn ueh njitn ei kl elw cn uen k| }h*t}hw| K| chpfhrlepdl rfiol‚%
Hpnj oi pl }whunti ghw`nji }wlo
ptwh klj& clelwif twimn oi pl th pih}*tn prnj ulten nji n ptiw klneiji‖p}htwl gehj }h|dhj‚ % Hpnj thci& oipl |jehmn n | rno| fltidi‖| rl fn dhjgwh k| }wn jl widi wi{ ol fn eiwho| }h`l fhk tl wn thwn kn‚ % _wimn kh n th oi pl ‖pihrhj ol }l hj |}h{ei k| n Ohjh*gwiepdn hb`n wn& }hoh b`n wn Ohjh*gwien‚%
]wl}wldi kloneptr|
]wn pfiek| ‖wip}n pi {i prl‚ 7>%ir c|pti 9>?0% Owimi en kl pf|tnh oizl ci rlz | ji k| eiwl oel& 9>??% pei*zn pjkl ekn rie kl pi jn enptiw pdhc }h*fhmi ki | n{ gkl cfn udhk rfion% [itnj kl&7>% ir c|pti& | Fheohe| hgkir fkle\di{ dwifki ]l twi NN oi pl ‖wi{wl n
o|mehptn Eiulf en di Ttigi Rwah*rel dhjieol | hd|}n wiehk Hti*omgn en iw jnk pdn vlel wif Jn ainfhrnz Owi chfk|g n ptirn ei wip}hfhml ekl Eilj jn enptw| rhk pdl& jhw eiwn l n ri{ o|ah}fhr ptri‚% T|gin zl ri rfi*oi kl |dn e|fi t| dhjieo|% [itnjpl& 97% pl}tljgwi 9>??% chon el n dwifk ]l tiw hgwitnh eiwho| K| chpfirn kl }wl dh Fheohepdhc wion ki% He kl thj }wn fn dhj& pi cfipeh gwn tiepdhj
pirkl t|& }h{rih ‖prl Pwgl& Awritl n Pfhrle l& oi pl |kl on el n }wnpt|}l Eiwhoehhpfhghon fiudhk rhk p`n }ho jiw ifhj _n thj‚% ]wn thjl en kl p}hjl e|h en ul ten dl en Jn ainfhrn *zi& ifn kl ohjl te|h; ‖Prn hen dh kn pl hpfieki k| ei el }wn kitl fki }whtnr ne*tl wl pi prhc rfiptn thc eiwhoi n ekl ch*rl g|o|zehptn n dh kn pl el gn hoi{ri*fn hrhj }h{n r|& el zl jhzn oi pl hpfh*ghol n{ oik en udhc mn ci en }wlo eiwh*
ohj en }wlo npthwn khj‚%[ghc ulci p| pl Gwntie n howldfn
Jnainfh rnzi8 Kloehpti reh {ith thenti en kl |unenh {i pi rl{enud| ie*
ri dhfighwi n ki pi iecfhijlwnudnj}whtn ren nji }wl rwnfi prid| jklw|%Kh dwi klj 9>?7% chonel Gwntie n p|wldfn Pfhghoie| Kh rieh rnz|& }wlo*pkloend| rfiol | n{gklcfntr|;‖Owi*mi Jn ainfhrnz kl drn pfnec npth dih n El *onz& klw El onz piwiv|kl pi En klj`n ji&i Owimi pi Ntifn kien ji‚ % ]lthc i}wn*fi 9>?0% chonel Owimn kl wluleh;‖Gwn tiepdi rfioi el jhml en didh
hohgwn tn cfl on tl }h dhjl p| cfiren el }wn kitl fkn K| chpfirn kl ekl en whvlen pn ehrn n th }h cfirn th hen dh kn pl ghwl }whtnr El ji`i n Ntifn kiei& i el pi*jn Elj`n n Ntifn kien‚% Gwntie n p||rnoklfn oi gn oifkl {iowmi riekl Jn*ainfh rnzi }ho eknah rnj hdwnfkljeiw|nfh eknahr |cflo | ietnhph rne*pdhj gfhd|& |{nji k|zn | hg{nw wl*p}ld te| ietninptnud| peic| EHRK*i | ietninptnudhj pi rl{|%
Jnainfh rnz kl }wlptih oi g|ol hognfh didrl }hjhzn {i Pi rl{endl%]hptih kl& ti rnl& }wl}wldi gnfh di*drhj hgfnd| k|chpfh rlepdhc klone*ptri | ghwgn }whtnr pnfi Hph rnel%
Gnh kl h}pkl oe|t h}ipehz| ho dhj|en {ji% Htrhwl eh kl }wn {eirihoi rhfn rn l oi gwien El on zi n Elj*`l el ch oi pl }htun en }iw tn {ien ji%
\pfn klonfh kl }wn{eiekl }iwtn{ieidih pi rl{enudl ghwglel peicl& tl
oi riekl n eldl }hjhzn% Kloeh rwn* kljl kl diwidtlwnptnueh }h thjl th kl oi riei ‖}hokloeidi }hjhz‚ n}iwtn{ienji n ulten nji& ifn p kidhjtleole n khj | dhwnpt }iwtn{iei%Heoi kl | _lalwie| ohfh oh hw*jifehc }wn{eieki }iwtn{iei dih pi*
rl{enudl peicl% \ eiwloenj jkl*pl`nji }wlo|{lth kl }h rfiuleklhwjifehc }wn{eieki& tl rhkena jn*pn ki n{ Owimnehc tigi n pridl }hjh*zn ulten nji% ]wlelplei kl klfhd|*}ei rhkei& }hfntnudi n on}fhjitpdi}howdi }iwtn{ienji n EH]*|% Rhk*enj }hwi{nji dh kl p| | jiwt| ni}wnf| 9>?0% chonel }iwtn{ien eien* klfn ulten nji | npthuehk Alw`lch*
Ei hpehr| ufi ei <2% [i dhei h hw ci en{i n kn hw ci ei |}wi rl | Blolwi n kn Ghpel n Alw lchrnel !'Pf|mglel ehrnel Blolwi n klGnA'& gwhk 0<(=<.& i | pdfi o| pi Hof|dhj h |pri ki ek| ]whcwi ji |twhdi pwlopti ri pi dwntlwn knji wi p}hoklfl pwlopti ri tld|*zna twiepblwi |t rwvlena g|omlthj Blolwi n kl Ghpel n Alw lchrnel {i 7=97% chone| Blolwifehj jnenptiw ptr| d|ft|wl n p}hw *ti * Blolwifehj jnenptiw ptr| d|ft|wl n }hw ti !'Pf|mglel ehrnel Blolwi n kl GnA'& gwhk 73(97.& blolwifen jn enptiw d|ft|wl n p}hw *ti hgkirfk| kl
\ g|omlt|(}whwi u|e| Blolwi n kl Ghpel n Alw lchrnel hpnc|wi ri k| pl pwloptri {i nptwi mnri ekl& bhw jnwi ekl n }whjhrnwi ekl }hfn*tndi }wlji jfi onji | BGnA tld|zlc twiepblwi el}whbntenj hw ci en{i n ki ji * twiepblw {i jfi ol
]wi rh }hoehleki }wn kiri ei hrik }h{nr nji k| neptnt|`n kl& hw ci en{i n kl& iph`n ki n kl n |ow|mleki dh kl wi ol {i jfi ol%N
Hoi gnw }whcwi ji n }wh kldi ti rwnt zl pl | pdfi o| p |prh klenj h}znj n }hplgenj dwntlwn knji%
H}zn dwntlwn kn {i wi p}hoklf| pwlopti ri * dri fntlt dieononwi ena }whcwi ji(}wh kldi ti4* {ei uik }wh kldti {i jfi ol | Blolwi n kn GnA4* oh}wnehp }h}|fi wn{i n kn n wi {rh k| hjfi onepdhc idtnrn{ji4* wlcnheifei n ei nheifei {ipt|}fklehpt4* oh}wnehp |ei }wlvlek| }hfhmi ki jfi ona | Blolwi n kn GnA4* }hghfkie kl }hfhmi ki ow|trleh hpkltfknrna di tlchwn ki jfi ona hphgi%
]hplgen dwntlwn kn {i wi p}hoklf| pwlopti ri * hgnj& dri fntlt n ptw|dt|wi nptwi mnri eki4* wlblwle`l i}fndieti n ohpi oi ekl npd|ptrh | wi o| p jfi onji4* ptw|uehpt fn`i ieci mnwi ena ei }wh kldt|4* rwljlepdn whd }whrhvleki idtnrehptn4* hpnc|wi eh }iw telw ptrh p ow|cnj enrhnji rfiptn n jlv|ei whoenj hw ci en{i n ki ji4* |une`n }wh kldti {i jfi ol | BGnA%
NNHoi gnw }whcwi ji n }wh kldi ti rwnt zl pl | prwa| neptnt|`nheifehc ki ui eki& aiw jhen{nwi eki }hfntndi BGnA }wlji jfi onj4 ki ui *eki hw ci en{i nhena di }i ntlti ehpnh`i hjfi onepdl }hfntndl | BGnA n eknahrh }whjhrnwi ekl jlv| jfi onji%
NNNHgi rl{ei ohd|jleti n ki
9% ]h}|eklei& }ht}npi ei n hrklwlei }wn ki ri ei i}fndi nkpdhj hgwip`|7% \rklwlekl h }hwl{ehk wlcnptwi n kn !noletnbndi nkpdn gwhk.0% Wkllekl h wlcnptwi n kn }hoehpntlfki {iatklri ?% Dh}n ki |chrhwi p giedhj h htri wi ek| twiepi d`nkpdhc wi u|ei <% Olti fkie }whcwij nptwi mnri eki {i dh kn pl twi mn p|bneiepnwi ekl p ki pehj olbnen`n khj; `nfklri& `nfkel cw|}l& huldnri enj
wl{|fti tnji& idtnrehptnji& bneiepnkpdn }fie pi p}l`nbndi n khj twhdhri& rwljlepdnj }fi ehj }whrhvleki idtnrehptn&ehpnh`nji idtnrehptn& howmnrhpt }wh kldti%
Ohoi tei ohd|jleti n ki 9% Ohdi{ oi kl |ow|mlekl ei h}znepdhj }h}np| hjfi onepdna |ow|mleki& tk% oi kl 7(0 jfi ona | |}wirfki udhj tn klf| |ow|*
mleki !uf% ?% [i dhei h jfi onji BGnA.47% Nebhw ji n k|(n{rkltik h npthj nfn pfnuehj }wh kldt|(}whcwi j| |dhfndh kl wlifn{nwie | }wlt ahoel orn kl chonel !dwit di rlw *
{n ki.& nebhw ji n ki h cfi renj idtnrehptnji n |p}klpnji | wio| i}fndieti | plcjlet| wi oi pi jfi onji thdhj }wlt ahoelorn kl chonel !dwit di rlw {n ki.& hdrnw en }fie wi oi {i orn kl ei wloel chonel pi pti t|phj }whcwi ji | ei wloehj }lwnho| {i dh kn pl twi mn }howdi !dwit di rlw {n ki.4 oi fn kl wio |ow|mleki }howmie ho ow|cna enrhi rfiptn& oi fn kl nptnj }wh kldthj i}*fndiet i}fn`nwih dho nehptwi ena bheohri4
0% Gnfiep pti eki n |p}klai {i }whtldf| chone|& hrklwle dho ei oflmehc hw ci ei !hrklwlei dh}n ki.%
Pwlo ptri {i p| bneie`nwiekl }whcwiji n }wh klditi ohoklf knrit zl pl | pdfio| p hof|dhj h |pri kiek| }whcwiji |twhdi pwlo* ptiri n dwntlwn knji wip}hoklfl pwlo ptiri tld|zlc twiepblwi |t rwvlehc g|omlthj(}whwiu|ehj Blolwi`n kl Ghpel n Alw`lchrn*el {i 7=97% chone| Blolwif ehj jnenptiwptr| d|f t|wl n p}hwti(}hwti%
OHP_IR FKIE KL OH D\ JLE _I@N KL
Prn {i netlwlpnwi en dh kn np}|eki ri k| h}zl n }hplgel dwntlwn kl prh kl }whcwi jl(}wh kldtl twlgi k| ohpti rntn npdfk|unrh ei }wh}npi *enj i}fndi nkpdnj hgwip`nji dh kl jhc| ohgntn ei }whthdhf| Blolwifehc jnenptiw ptri d|ft|wl n p}hw ti !Hgi fi Ji di On{oi wi
7& Pi wi klrh. nfn ei slg }hw ti f| Jnenptiw ptri; sss%bjdpi%`hj%]h}|ekle|& }ht}npi e| n hrklwle| }wn ki r| twlgi }hpfi tn ei iowlp|;Blolwifeh jnenptiw ptrh d|ft|wl n p}hw ti * Blolwifeh jnenptiw ptrh d|ft|wl n p}hw ti Hgi fi Ji di On{oi wi 7& 39 === Pi wi klrh%]htwlgeh kl ei {ei untn'[i kiren }h{nr' _ld|zn twiepblw el}whbntenj hwcien{i`n kiji * _wiepblw {i jfiolWhd {i }hoehlekl }wn ki ri kl oh 3% 99% 7=97% chonel%
EI]HJLEI;]wn ki rl dh kl enp| ohptirfklel ei }wh}npi enj i}fndi nkpdnj hgwip`nji& elti uel n el}ht}|el n }wn ki rl dh kl enp| ohptirfklel |ei rlolehj whd| elzl gntn wi {ji twi el%_i dhvlw& }wn ki rl dhwnpendi dh kn enp| }wiroi fn ei jklepdn |twhid pwlopti ri ohon klfklena | }wlt ahoel orn kl chonel !7=9=% n7=99%. elzl gntn wi {ji twi el%
J N E N P _ I WGwhk; =<*9?*<3=9(97 Pifjnw Di}fie\ Pi wi klr| 0=% 9=% 7=97% chonel
Nptwimnrifn pjh; Ttloeki | GnA ]h{eitn ei nrn`n giedwhti
Prltfien @lenz }wnjieki jieki ho o|chrieki&Pfir|k ht}fiz| kl ptie&
_wnk|jb htriwi }|t di tnt|fnKh jehch ghohri kl | ncwn n tldh oi hri |tidjn i jhml hof|untn h }wrid|% Jlv|tnj&prklpen pjh ti eij ohehpn }hrhfkie wl{|ftit ei Dhlr|& diml }wrhtnji }firna
Enpij njih }wi rh eipt|}i }whtnr [rn*kl{ol ei chpth riek| | Cwioiu`| n hojh*wie pij% Eioij pl oi z| }hultn jlu}whtnr }fi rna ho }wrl jne|tl% Ohpio pijncwih twn |tidjn`l | dh knji pjh {ignfkl*mnfn ori wljn ki n kloie }hwi{% El hpklzij}pnahfhdn tlwlt% ]hpklo| klj npd|ptrh nei rndih pij pl ei itjhplw| dh ki rfioi |oienji }wlo p|pwlt pi Mlfkl{enuiwhj‚& n{*ki rnh kl P|fknz%
Ngnlrnz }ltn ptwnklfi`G|eolpfncl& i 90% | prnklt| Rloh kl ho ohfipdi | Pt|ttciwt }hptncih hpij }hchoidi thdhj
}whfkltehc onklfi pl{hel& tl }lt | tld|zhk pl{hen% Lbndipenkn ho
eklci p| pijh Dnlppfnec& A|etlfiiw& Aiwend n Flsieohspdn
El jhmljh ciwieth ritn& ifnen htltn pl ohkj| oi gn Rlflm |Giekhk F|`n hptih el}hwimle |pf|ui k| oi pl ho }wr hc jn e|tieloklf kel |tidjn `l }hpti rnhawigwh& kloeidh dih th pl }h*pti rnh t ld ho ptiw ti ow|chc on* klfi% Bhwji`n ki pi fnglwhj n}wl}|tlehj pwlonehj tlwleiohjizlj Ghw`| }hdi{ifi pl
W|dhjltei wl}wl{leti`n ki Gh*pel n Alw`lch rnel rlulwip zl |Fne{| hojklwntn peicl }whtnr oh*jiznei I|ptwn kl | drifnbdi`nhehk|tidjn`n 9% dhfi cw|}l 3 {i }fi*pjie ei Lrwh}pdh }wrleptrh |Oiepdhk 7=9?% chonel%
Wl}wl{leti n ki GnA nji pdhw hokloel }hgklol& wljn ki n kloehc}hwi{i | twn ohpioieki o|lfipi I|ptwn kie`nji& i | }hpfkl*oeklj jlu| honcwiehj 9>>>%chonel | Neepgw|`d|& I|ptwn ki klpfi rnfi }hgklo| ho 07;7?%
_lmid }whtnrend \ eilj tighw| eioi k| pl }h*
gklon dh khj gn pl ei eikghfkn ei*une htrhwnh hrik drifnbdi`nhen `n*df|p {i L]& | cw|}n dh k| kh unelplfld`n kl Pwgn kl n W|pn kl%
]wlo eikghfknj w|dhjltinjiGnA kl ntldidh tldi |tidjn`i}whtnr wn rifi dh kn kl prl pijh elfid n gl{i{fle% Plfld`n ki I|ptwn klzl |{ th njitn hfidi ri k|z| hdhf*ehpt oi ncwi ei prhj tlwle|& i nohoiten }hoptn`ik {i kh ghfk|}wlopti r| | rno| rlfndl ei rn kiudl}howdl pi twngnei% Jlv|tnj& nei owmi ren tnj nji prh kl }fieh*rl didh pl p|}whtpti rntn tidrhjohjizne|& h dh knji plfldthw GnAOwicie Jiwdh rnz hrhc }|ti en klmlfnh }wl rnl }wnuitn%
Ch rhwlzn h o|lf| pi I|ptwn*kie`nji& he kl nptidih {ioh rhfk*ptrh }h{ntn reh j itjhpl whjjlv| ncwiunji eidhe hd|}fkie*ki n eknah rnj {ificieklj ei }w*
rhj twlenec| | }heloklf kid& |Fne{|& dih n ei hehj ow|chj dh*
kn p| ga% w|dhjltin howionfn ||thwid |k|twh%
‖Prl tlul heidh didh kl th ngnfh huldn rieh% [ipio pij {i* oh rhfkie% Endh pl en kl mi fnh ei}h rwlol% Pijh oi tidh hptieloh dwi ki% Ei oij pl oi pl endh
elzl }h rwn klontn ei }wlhptifiori twleneci oh }hultdi |tid*jn`l% Eik rimen kl kl oi p | ncwi *un {owi rn ‚& di {ih kl Owici eJiwdh rnz%
Plfldthw wl}wl{leti`n kl GnAohoih kl oi kl ohgwh }whpt|*onwih ncw| I|ptwn kiei`i n oij| hen prididh enp| el}h *{eien`i% Ei }ntiekl oi fn prh kl}|flel rnon dih i rhwntl | o|*lf| pi ohjizhj plfld`n khj&he kl di{ih;
dih n eldhfn`nel dh kn eipt|}i k| |G|eolpfncn& eik kiuhk fncn prn klti%_h kl ldn}i dh ki jhml }hgn klon*tn prhc wn rifi ncwi k|zn dih ohji*zne% Nji n plwn k| ohgwna wl{|fti*ti | }hpfkloekl rwn kljl% Cfloihpij na }wn kl orn kl chonel ei L]*|& dh kn kl howm ie | I|ptwn kn nnjij ohgiw |rno% N}id& el }fi*
njh pl endhci% ]wl rnl pjh np*d|pen oi gnpjh th plgn oh{rhfn*fn% Elzl eip p}|titn }pnahfhdn}wntnpid& jioi kl he }wnp|tie n then kl enti elhgnueh% Nji k| ci n
I|ptwn kie`n% Rklw| klj oi zljh}w|mntn ohgw| ncw|% Pridi }hgkl* oi gn eij }|eh {eiunfi n pnc|wiepij oi zl ncwiun oitn jidpn*j|j oi kl hptriwl‚& {idfk|unh klJiwdh rnz%
Jlu I|ptwn ki * GnA& dh kn }hunekl| 7=%7< pitn& p|on jiviwpdn }iw@pigi n ]if Dldlp% Olflcit kl
Bwlolwn` W|one n{ Trik`iwpdl% \ow|chj p|pwlt| hrl cw|}l rlul*wip pl pipti k| Pwg n ki n W|pn ki!7=%0=.%
C% RWIEKLT
]wntnpdi nji& ptwiai eljiEioij pl oi zljh }w|mntn ohgw| ncw|% Pridi }hgkloi gn eij }|eh {eiunfi n pnc|wie pijoi zl ncwiun oitn jidpnj|j oi kl hptriwl& {idfk|unh kl plfldthw GnA Owicie Jiwdhrnz
Eikghfkn w|dhjltin GnA rlulwip ncwik| pi I|ptwnkhj
* Oi nji rnphd| !RPP. nfn rn| !RTP. ptw|ue| p}wlj|* Oi np}|eki ri |pfhrl {i eipti rendi nfn }loi chci | pdfi o| pi {i dhehj* Oi nji eikji ekl }lt !<. chonei wi oehc npd|ptri ei hochkeh*hgi {hrenj}hpfhrnji | hpehrehk dhfn* Oi }wnfhmn }whcwij wi {rh ki Tdhfl {i ultnwn !?. chonel
* Oi en kl dwnrnueh dimeki rie(i * Oi en kl {i }hpfle(i ei ow|chk }h{n`n kn dh ki jhml |tn`i tn ei lrlet|ifel p|dhgl netlwlpi * Oi en kl en | di drhk whognepdhk rl{n& oh ow|chc ptl}lei p gnfh dh knj ow|cnj ufi ehj Tdhfpdhc hoghwi
NNN]wn ki rl pl }hoehpl | whd| ho }ltei lpt !9<. oi ei ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki dhed|w pi | pwloptrnji oelrehc ki rehc nebhw jnpi eki%
NRN{ghw n njlehriekl }hjhzendi(n`l onwldthwn`l }h hrhj dhed|wp| rwn pl ei }lwnho ho ultnwn !?. chonel%
* Dwi z| gnhcwi bn k| * @R* On}fhj| h ptw|uehk dhfpdhk p}wljn !RPP nfn RTP.* \rklwlekl h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj np}nt|* \rklwlekl h wi oehj npd|ptr|* N{rho n{ ji tnuel dekncl whvlena !el ptiwn kn ho 2 jklpl`n.* \rklwlekl h owmirfkieptr| !el ptiwn kl ho 2 jklpl`n.* Hrklwle| dh}n k| fnuel diw tl !hrklwi el ptiwn ki ho 2 jklpl`n.* \rklwlekl p|oi oi pl }whtnr dieonoi ti el rhon dwnrnuen }hpt|}id n oi en kl dimeki rie !el ptiwn kl ho 0 jklpl`i.* ]whcwij wi {rh ki dhfl {i ultnwn !?. chonel%* Hrklwle| n{ki r| oi en kl {i }hpfle(ei ow|chk b|ed`n kn dh ki jhml |tn`i tn ei lrlet|ifen p|dhg netlwlpi * Hrklwle| n{ki r| oi en kl en | di drhk whognepdhk rl{n& oh ow|chc ptl}lei& p gnfh dh knj ow|cnj ufi ehj dhfpdhc hoghwi * Iowlpi pti ehri eki n gwhk tlflbhei
RNTdhfpdn hoghw zl | whd| ho hpij !1. oi ei ho oi ei di oi kl ohenh hof|d| }npi enj }|tlj hgi rn klptntn prl dieonoi tl dhed|w pi h hof|`n h njlehri ek| }hjhzendi(n`l onwldthwi%
RNNPrn dieonoi tn dh kn g|o| np}|eki ri fn |pfhrl dhed|w pi gnt zl }h{ri en ei netlw rk|& dh kn zl }whrlptn Dhjnpn ki {i n{ghw dh k| kl njlehrihTdhfpdn hoghw% Netlw rk| zl gntn howmie | }whpthwn ki ji Tdhfl%
RNNNN{i gwi en dieonoit kl o|mie ohpti rntn |rklwlekl h {owirptrlehk p}hphgehptn }wn kl hof|dl h njlehri ek| {i }hjhzendi(n`| on* wldthwi Tdhfl%Elgfi chrwljlel n el}ht}|el }wn ki rl elzl pl wi {ji twi tn%
]wn ki rl ei dhed|wp pi }htwlgehj ohd|jleti n khj ohpti rntn }|tlj }htl ei iowlp|; K\ Hpehrei dhfi 'J|pti bi Lk|ghrnz *Tlka K| kh' Jhptiw !]wn ki ri ei dhed|wp.& \fn`i QQ gwhk ?? !pi ei {ei dhj {i Dhed|w pe| dhjnpn k| * el htri wik.& 11%9=? Jhp*tiw% Dhetidt*tlflbhe =02*<32*?10%
Ei hpehr| ufi ei 73% [i dhei h |pti ehri ji !'Pf|mglel ehrnel WGnA' gwhk; 2(>3.& ufi ei <<% [i dhei h pwlo*
ekhdhfpdhj hoch k| n hgwi {hri ek| !'Pf|mglel ehrnel AED' gwhk; 1(==& ?(=?& <(=? n 1(=2.& ufi ei ?% n 3% \}|t *ptri h n{ghw| n njlehri ek| onwldthwi hpehrena n pwloekna dhfi !'Pf|mglel ehrnel AED' gwhk; 7(7==<%. n ufi *ei 0>& ?=& ?9& ?7& ?0% n ??% ]wi rnfi K\ Pwloekl cwivlrnepdl dhfl Jhptiw& hof|dl Tdhfpdhc hoghwi K\ Pwloeklcwivlrnepdl dhfl Jhptiw gwhk; =<*9=03(97 ho 97%9=%7=97% chonel n pi cfi pehptn Jnenptiw ptri hgwi {hri eki& ei *|dl& d|ft|wl n p}hw ti AED*i& gwhk; =<*=7*?=*71<=(97 ho 77%9=%7=97% chonel wi p}np| kl pl
D H E D \ W P{i n{ghw n njlehri ekl onwldthwi Ki rel |pti ehrl
9% oi nji rnphd| ptw|ue| p}wlj|&7% oi np}|eki ri |pfhrl {i eipti rendi | pdfi o| pi [i dhehj&0% oi nji < !}lt. chonei wi oehc npd|ptri ei hochkeh*hgwi {hrenj }hpfhrnji | pwloekhk dhfn?% oi en kl ieci mhrie ei ow|chk }h{n`n kn dh ki jhml |tn`i tn ei lrlet|ifen p|dhg netlwlpi&<% oi en kl dwnrnueh dimeki rie&2% oi en kl en | di drhk whognepdhk rl{n& oh ow|chc ptl}lei& p gnfh dh knj ow|cnj ufi ehj Tdhfpdhc hoghwi%
N{ghw n njlehri ekl onwldthwi rwn pl ei }lwnho ho ? !ultnwn. chonel%
Dhed|wp hpti kl htrhwle }ltei lpt !9<. oi ei ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki%
\{ }wn ki r| ei dhed|wp pi ti uehj iowlphj pti ehri eki n gwhk dhetidt*tlflbhei dieonoi tn p| o|men }wnfhmntn pfn* klolzi ohd|jleti;
* dwi z| gnhcwi bn k|* on}fhj| h {i rwlehk dhfpdhk p}wljn* |rklwlekl h }hfhmlehj ptw|uehj np}nt|* n{rho n{ ji tnuel dekncl whvlena !el pti wn kn ho 2 jklpl`n.* |rklwlekl h owmirfkieptr| !el pti wn kl ho 2 jklpl`n.* |rklwlekl h eldimeki rie k| !el pti wn kl ho 0 jklpl`i.* ohdi{ h wi oehj npd|ptr|* n{ki rl dieonoi ti& hrklwlel ho ei oflmehc hw ci ei h np}|eki rie k| |pfhri n{ ti ui di ?% n 2%
Ei rlole| ohd|jleti n k| dieonoi tn p| o|men ohpti rntn hwncneife| nfn |wloeh hrklwle| dh}n k|%Whd {i }hoehlekl }wn ki ri dieonoi ti kl }ltei lpt !9<. oi ei ho oi ei hgkirfknrie ki | pwloptrnji ki rehc nebhw *jnpi eki%El}ht}|el n elgfi chrwljlel }wn ki rl elzl pl wi {ji twi tn%Dieonoi tn zl }npi enj }|tlj gntn hgi rn kltlen h wl{|fti tnji dhed|w pi | wh d| ho hpij !1. oi ei& ho oi ei oh*ehleki hof|dl h njlehri ek| onwldthwi%
]wn ki rl pi ohdi {nji h np}|eki rie k| |pfhri n{ dhed|w pi pfi tn ei iowlp|;K\ Pwloeki cwivlrnepdi dhfi Jhptiw
Tdhfpdn hoghw !pi ei {ei dhj {i dhed|wp.
\fn`i Dheid gg119=? Jhptiw
Dhetidt*tlflbhe =02(<<9*?<2
Jlv|eiwhoen om|oh t|wenw GnA ieo En}}he
Ghpei n Piwiklrh
eik|p}klenknEipt|}nfh rnl ho 2== tidjnuiwi n tidjnuiwdn n{ 2=
P }hehphj pl pklzijh eina whontlfki n u|rijh |p}hjle| ei eknahr| }hplgehpt& }fljlenthptn ohgwht|& ho dh kna p| picwionfn th}fn }hwhonuen ohj& i eiji mnrht |unenfn gl{gwnmen knj%
Hmifhzlen; pne Piblt& dzlwdl Biawi n Elwjiei& gwizi Elomitne& J|*enw n Blwno pi }hwhon iji& {lthrn Giawn ki n [iano& peial [heki n Neon*wi& |e|uio Jlethw pi }hwhon hj& Icnj& Jlwnti pi }hwhon hj& Plei*oi pi }hwhon hj& Lonti pi }hwhon hj& Wl{iwt& Ioeie& Omiei& Jnw{i&Rloio& Aiei n Piwi& oklrlw Ldwlj n {ihrl Aiomnwi& Pigwn ki n Jlwpn ki
pi }hwhon iji& peiai Lfji ki pi }hwhon hj& kltwri Bitnji pi }hwhon*`hj& whvid J|aijlo pi }hwhon hj& }wn kitlfkn i T|awi& tl }hwhon lAhomnz& Jirwnz& dih n hptifi gwhkei whognei& dhjn kl n }wn kitlfkn%_lrano zl pl }wh|untn npthc oiei | ptie| jlwa|jl | 90 pitn& \f%Ion ki J|figlchrnzi 7(NR%
[i prl lrlet|ifel }wnjklogl ei }npieklfnpti& hgwitntl pl R[T | GnAl*jinf; nebhMr{p%gi&tlf; $013 00 737 73=tlf(biq; $013 00 737 739
W K L T L E K L ; p n p t l j & | d w n r h & { i c w l g & i w & i f i & e & p e n & i d h & e o & p l r o n p i e k l & l & r w t & p t w i e i ` & l i & l t i t & n f n & d w h { & j i d p n j & h & w h j g & w i d i & f i j } n h e n & i f & n w i & p f i t n e i & d i w l f & w n p t & h } n t n p l & h l w %
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