Oslo, Norway Latitude: 59° 54' 36" N Longitude: / 10° 45' 00" E.

Oslo, Norway

Latitude: 59° 54' 36" N Longitude: / 10° 45' 00" E

Parameters:+/- 10 degrees for 30% of the year

Wind from South East (summer)

Wind from North (All other seasons)

No significant rainfall

Response:Winter Block Northern winds

Solar gain from the South

Thermal mass heat gain

Small surface area

Summer Opening from South East for summer winds

No heat gain

No cross ventilation

Spring/ Fall Solar gain from the South

Block winds

Thermal mass

SIMPLE VOLUMEACTIVE SKIN

COMPLEX VOLUMESIMPLE SKIN

Office lower than lab for maximum heat gain (South)Core blocks summer sun (West)Glass South façade for both office and lab (heat gain)Solid North façade to block Northern windsHeight of office shades parking

Cores and Lab block Northern windsLow offices for heat gain to all areasOffices face south for maximum heat gainThermal mas entry for the lab (facing south)South open for summer winds and heat gain for parked cars

East Elevation

Beijing, China

Latitude: 39° 55' 44" NLongitude: 116° 23' 18" E

PARAMETERS

- LARGE FLUCTUATIONS IN TEMPERATURE THROUGH DIFFERENT SEASONS

- NO PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION- NO SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL- HOT, HUMID SUMMER MONTHS- DRY, COLD WINTER MONTHS

RESPONSES

SUMMER:- BLOCK SUNLIGHT FROM ENTERING BUILDING- SHADING OF PEDESTRIAN SURFACES- UTILIZE STACK VENTILATION TO MOVE AIR THROUGH

BUILDING

WINTER:- HEAT GAIN THROUGH LARGE SUNLIGHTS - PLACE CORES TO BLOCK HARSH WIND FROM

CIRCULATION

Complex Structure/Simple Skin

- Elevated Research Facility provides natural shading for parking area as well as walkway to entrance

- Cores placed to block wind and morning sunlight from entry/main space

- Stacked structures allow for stack ventilation

- Lowered office spaced allow cooler air to be retained

- Reflective material prevents heat gain through roof during the day

- South-facing large glass to increase passive solar gain during winter

- Overhanging roof blocks direct sun during summer, but allows the rays to penetrate during colder months

- Double façade acts as a buffer to increase thermal performance against varying conditions

Simple Structure/Active Skin

Stack Ventilation

Summer Sun

Winter Sun

Radiation

Nairobi, Kenya

Latitude: 1° 16' S Longitude: 36° 48' E

PARAMETERS:

-WIND FROM East (SUMMER)

-MIX WIND FROM EAST/WEST (ALL OTHER SEASONS)

-NO SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL

RESPONSE:

WINTER -HEAT GAIN THROUGH SUN-THERMAL MASSING

TO STORE IN DAY/ RELEASE HEAT IN NIGHT

SUMMER -NO HEAT GAIN – SHADING OF SURFACES, OPENING WALLS FOR CROSS VENTILATION

-THERMAL MASS VENTILATED AT NIGHT-COLUMNS FOR CROSS VENTILATION AND

COOLING

SG/FA -NO HEAT GAIN-THERMAL MASS TO HEAT AT NIGHT-CROSS VENTILATION

-NATURAL VENTILATION

SIMPLE VOLUMEACTIVE SKIN

-OVERHANG PROTECTS SOUTH FAÇADE FROM SUN-OPPERABLE OPENING WALLS FOR CROSS VENTILATION-RAISED WITH COLUMNS FOR PASSIVE COOLING-THERMAL MASSING FOR OFFICES-PARKING LOCATED ON NW SIDE UNDER RESEARCH SHADED

COMPLEX VOLUMESIMPLE SKIN

-THICK WALLS FOR THERMAL MASSING ON ALL SIDES OF FACADE-OFFICES ON E AND W FOR LITTLE SUN -REASERCH CENTER RAISED TO PROMOTE X-VENT-HIGH WINDOWS ON E AND W PRODUCING NATURALLIGHT FOR RESEARCH-MORE HEAT LOSS AT NIGHT PREVENTED BY THICK WALLS

• Large Amount of Precipitation

• High Temperatures

• Prevailing Winds from the South East.

Miami Climate: Hot and Humid

PARAMETERS:

+/- 20 DEGREES FOR 75% OF THE YEAR

MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE:98 DEGREES (AUGUST)

MINIMUM TEMPERATURE:37 DEGREES (DECEMBER)

WIND FROM NORTH,SOUTHWEST (SUMMER)

WIND FROM NORTH (ALL OTHER SEASONS)

MAXIMUM RAINFALL:80mm (DECEMBER)

MINIMUM RAINFALL:6mm (JULY,AUGUST)

RESPONSE:

WINTER HEAT GAIN THROUGH SUNTHERMAL MASS TO

STORE /RELEASE HEATBLOCK DOMINANT

WIND (COLD)

SUMMER NO HEAT GAIN – SHADING OF SURFACES

TREES,OPENINGSTHERMAL MASS

VENTILATED ALL DAYCROSS VENTILATION FOR COOLING

SG/FA NO HEAT GAINCROSS

VENTILATION

ALL SEASONS COOLING ADD

DEHUMIDFICATION

SIMPLE VOLUMEACTIVE SKIN

DOUBLE FACADE TO EAST AND NORTH ELEVATION HUNG LOUVERS TO NORTH FACADE PREVENT HEAT GAINEXTERNAL SHADING ELEMENT COVERS PARKINGTHE OVERHANG AND THE TREES PREVENT THE SUMMER SUN

COMPLEX VOLUMESIMPLE SKIN

OVAL SHAPE OF THE BUILDIND:PREVENTION FROM WINTER WINDOPENINGS ON THE TOP AND THE BOTTOM FOR CROSS VENTILATIONTHE OVERHANG BLOCKS THE SUMMER SUN

Simple Volume Active Skin

Darwin, Australia

Latitude: 12° 25’ 48” SLongitude: 130° 51’ 00” EMonsoonal Tropical Climate

About Darwin, Australia

Climatic Settings

Abundance Amount of Rainfall High and Humid Temperatures

Climatic Settings

N E

SWN

S W

E

Climatic Settings

Solar Path on December 21, 2011 Solar Path on June 21, 2011

Complex Volume, Simple Skin

Research Space Office

Climatic Responses

N

PARAMETERS:

- TEMPERATURE - DEC – MAR ARE WITHIN COMFORT ZONE, BUT APR - NOV ARE BELOW COMFORT ZONE (AROUND 10 DEGREES F BELOW)- WIND VELOCITY - ALL MONTHS ARE BELOW 10MPH EXCEPT FEB.- WIND MOSTLY FROM SE ALL YEAR ROUND- HUMIDITY - HIGH HUMIDITY ALL YEAR ROUND (OVER 70%) MOSTLY FROM SE, (MIGHT'VE BEEN CARRIED FROM THE OCEAN AND THE WIND)

RESPONSE:• WINTER: THERMAL MASSINTERNAL HEAT GAIN• SUMMER: SUN SHADING OF WINDOWS.NATURAL VENTILATION COOLING.• SG/FA: NO WIND PROTECTING FOR

OUTDOOR SPACES

• BUILDING IS POSITION ON SITE TO RECEIVE ALL NW AND SE WINDS FOR CROSS VENTILATION.

• A SEPERATED FLAT AND SLOPED ROOF FOR CROSS VENTILATION REDUCING SOLAR GAIN.• INTERIOR/ EXTERIOR POOL FOR AIR CIRCULATION/ NATURAL AIR

COOLENT • NW WALL IS THICK FOR THERMAL MASS TO BLOCK OUT HEAT

DURING THE DAY AND RELEASE HEAT AT NIGHT.• SHADED AREA FOR PARKING

OFFICES

RESEARCHPARKING CORES

Bangor, Maine

Latitude: 44.8° NLongitude: 8.9° W

Factors

• Cold Wind During Most Months

• Low Temperatures

• Snow fall

Response

• Thermal Mass• Windows Facing The Sun For Solar Gain• Large Surface Area to Assist With Solar Gain• Masonry walls for Thermal Mass• High Pitched Roofs To Protect From Snow/Rain

Sun Angle

July Noon Sun Angle 44

February Noon Sun Angle 8