1 OSCI8640—001 Syllabus Theory Construction (Doctoral Seminar) Fall 2012, Friday Bldg Room 117, Wed 1:00p-4:00p Instructor: Dr. Jared Hansen Office Hours: Friday 250B, before/after class and by appointment Office Phone: 704-687-7303 Email: [email protected]Important Note: E-mail is the best contact method. Please put “Theory--” in subject heading. If you don’t, I can’t assure you it will get to me in a timely way. Course Description and Objectives This doctoral seminar focuses on theory construction in business-related research . That is, what is theory and what is it not? What makes a theory successful or a ‘good theory’? Or, what is it about certain theories that lead to them being used and cited more by other researchers? These are a few of the questions that we’ll be reviewing in this course. Theory construction is an important topic for both conceptual and empirical research in any academic research area, and we will be taking a cross discipline approach to how to actually write better theory. In this seminar, we’ll review the building blocks of good theory through (1) research on best practices in theory construction across business disciplines, (2) review of several successful theories from information systems, organizational science, finance, economics, strategy, marketing, and other business related areas, and (3) picking apart several journal award winning theory papers that we'll use for templates. Topics will range from micro to macro concepts. Participant Responsibilities: 1. Each week: Read articles, summarize selected articles, prepare exercises (including reviewing your colleagues’ work). 2. In-class interaction central to learning. 3. Ongoing development of hypotheses and research design for proposal(s) or paper. Final 'mini-'proposal' will contain theoretical motivation, hypotheses, research design, proposed test statistics and implications if hypotheses supported. Learning Objectives (Seminar Knowledge Goals): 1. Information: Knowledge of basic conceptual issues in theory development, design options, different research modes, data sources, design options.. 2. Competencies: Assess theories, develop testable hypotheses, design studies in organizational contexts, pick appropriate statistical method to test theory, identify test statistics for specific hypotheses, match methods and theory, critically review empirical work, draft parts of scholarly articles.
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OSCI8640—001 Syllabus
Theory Construction (Doctoral Seminar)
Fall 2012, Friday Bldg Room 117, Wed 1:00p-4:00p
Instructor: Dr. Jared Hansen Office Hours: Friday 250B, before/after class and by appointment
Office Phone: 704-687-7303
Email: [email protected] Important Note: E-mail is the best contact method. Please put “Theory--” in subject heading. If you don’t,
I can’t assure you it will get to me in a timely way.
Course Description and Objectives
This doctoral seminar focuses on theory construction in business-related research . That
is, what is theory and what is it not? What makes a theory successful or a ‘good theory’?
Or, what is it about certain theories that lead to them being used and cited more by other
researchers? These are a few of the questions that we’ll be reviewing in this course.
Theory construction is an important topic for both conceptual and empirical research in
any academic research area, and we will be taking a cross discipline approach to how to
actually write better theory.
In this seminar, we’ll review the building blocks of good theory through (1) research on
best practices in theory construction across business disciplines, (2) review of several
successful theories from information systems, organizational science, finance, economics,
strategy, marketing, and other business related areas, and (3) picking apart several journal
award winning theory papers that we'll use for templates. Topics will range from micro to
29-Aug What is Theory DV identification Exercise Due
5-Sep What is Good Theory… Interesting/Novel
Big Questions Due
12-Sep What is Good Theory… Hypotheses/Persuasion
DV paragraphs Due
19-Sep What is Good Theory… The Review Process
DV paragraphs revision due
26-Sep How to Build Theory
3-Oct Selected Marketing Theories IV1 paragraphs Due
10-Oct Selected Management Theories IV2 paragraphs Due
17-Oct Selected Finance Theories IV2 paragraphs Due
24-Oct Selected Information Systems Theories IV2 paragraphs Due
31-Oct Selected Other Theories IV2 paragraphs Due
7-Nov Theory Boundaries: Moderators Moderators Paragraphs Due
14-Nov Reviewing as a method of improving theory writing
Back End and Introduction Due
21-Nov Thanksgiving Holiday
28-Nov Theory Paper Presentations Paper Draft Due for Peer Reviews
5-Dec Job Interviewing and the First Six Years Peer Paper Reviews Due
12-Dec Final Paper Due
A reading list for each topic is found on the course website. As this is an evolutionary course based on the students’ questions and progress each week, the lists may occasionally be updated up to a week in advance of a particular date. An initial tentative copy is included below for initial referencing.
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Initial (Tentative) List of Readings by Seminar Date.
This list may be updated during the semester as needed. Updates will be announced at
least a week in advance.
22-Aug: What is the Goal (of Scientific Research)
What is Science Fowler, R.D. (1990), "Psychology: The Core Discipline," American Psychologist, 45 (January), 1-6. Hunt, S. D. (1976), "The Nature and Scope of Marketing," Journal of Marketing, 40 (July), 17-28. Alberts, B. and Shine, K. (1994), “Scientists and the Integrity of Research,” Science, 226 (December), 1660-1662. The Goal According to Relativism Based Views Russell, B. (1960), "Can Scientists or Anyone Know Anything?" in An Outline of Philosophy. New York, NY: The World Publishing Company. (see moodle for copy) Nagel, E. (1961), "Social Science Defended" (excerpt), in The Structure of Science, 473-476, 480-485. Feyerabend, P. (1975), Against Method. London, UK: Verso, 17-28, 295-309. (see moodle for copy) Anderson, P.F. (1983), "Marketing, Scientific Progress, and Scientific Method," Journal of Marketing, 47 (Fall), 18-31. Peter, J. P. and J.C. Olson (1983), "Is Science Marketing?" Journal of Marketing, 47 (Fall), 111-125. The Goal According to Scientific Realism Hunt, S.D. (1990), "Truth in Marketing Theory and Research," Journal of Marketing, 54 (July), 1-15. Hunt, S.D. (1991), "Positivism and Paradigm Dominance in Consumer Research: Toward Critical Pluralism and Rapprochement," Journal of Consumer Research, 18 (June), 32-44 Hunt, S.D. (1992), "For Reason and Realism in Marketing," Journal of Marketing, 56 (April), 89-102. Hunt, S.D. (1993), "Objectivity in Marketing Theory and Research," Journal of Marketing, 57 (April), 76-91.
29-Aug: What is Theory
Hunt, S.D. (1983), "General Theories and the Fundamental Explananda of Marketing," Journal of Marketing, 47 (Fall), 9-17. Whetten, D. (1989), What Constitutes a Theoretical Contribution? Academy of Management Review, 4: 490-495. Van de Ven, A. (1989). “Nothing is Quite so Practical as a Good Theory,” Academy of Management Review, 14: 486-489. Bacharach, S. (1989), “Organizational Theories: Some Criteria for Evaluation,” Academy of Management Review, 14: 496-515. Sutton, R. & Staw, B. (1995), “What Theory is Not,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 371-384. Weick, K. (1995), “What Theory is Not, Theorizing Is,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 385-390. DiMaggio, P. (1995), “Comments on "What Theory is Not",” Administrative Science Quarterly, 40: 391-
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397. Corley, K. and Gioia, D. (2011), “Building Theory about Theory Building: What Constitutes a Theoretical Contribution?” Academy of Management Review, 36: 12-32.
5-Sept: What is Good Theory…How to Be Interesting/Novel
Davis, M. (1971), “That’s Interesting!” Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 1: 309-344. From the Editors. (2011). “Publishing in AMJ: Part 3-Setting the Hook,” Academy of Management Review. Voss, G.B. (2003), “Formulating Interesting Research Questions,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31: 356-359. Simon, H. A. (1973), "Does Scientific Discovery Have a Logic?" Philosophy of Science, 40, 471-480. Smith, D.C., (2003) “The Importance and Challenges of Being Interesting,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31: 319-322. Bartunek, J., Rynes, S. & Ireland, D. (2006), “What Makes Management Research Interesting and Why Does it Matter?” Academy of Management Journal, 49: 9-15.
12-Sept: What is Good Theory…How to Write Hypotheses Persuasively
Lundberg, Craig C. (1976), "Hypothesis Creating in Organizational Behavior Research," Academy of Management Review, (April), 5-12. [See especially pp. 9-10.] Platt, J.R. 1964. "Strong Inference." Science, 146: 347-353 [Especially 347-348, and 352] Skipper, R. and M.R. Hyman (1987), "Evaluating and Improving Argument-Centered Works in Marketing," Journal of Marketing, 51 (October), 60-75. Sterrett, S.M. and D.C. Smith (1990), "A Comment on 'Evaluating and Improving Argument-Centered Works in Marketing'," Journal of Marketing, 54 (April), 83-88. Skipper, R. and M.R. Hyman (1990), "Marketing and Logical Deduction," Journal of Marketing, 54 (April), 89-92. Morris, H.C. (1992), "Logical Creativity," Theory and Psychology, 2 (1), 89-107. MacKenzie, S.B. (2003) “The Dangers of Poor Construct Conceptualization,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31: 323-326. Zaltman, LeMasters, and Heffring, Theory Construction in Marketing, 97-112. (see moodle for copy) Hospers, J. (1967), "Law," in Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science, Klemke, et al., eds. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 104-111.
19-Sept: What is Good Theory…The Review Process
Rindova, V.( 2008), “Publishing Theory When you are New to the Game,” Academy of Management Review, 33: 300-303. Day, A. (1997), ‘How to Get Research Published in Journals’”, European Journal of Marketing, 31(11/12), 896-901. Perry, C., Carson, D. and Gilmore, A., (2003) “Joining a Conversation: How to get Published”,
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Commentary, European Journal of Marketing, Issue 5/6, 652-667. Peters, D.P. and Ceci, S.J. (1982), “Peer Review Practices of Psychological Journals: The Fate of Published Articles, Submitted Again, and its Open Peer Commentary,” The Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 5, 187-255. Polonsky, M., Lawson, R., Uncles, M., Johnson, L.W., Wilkinson, I. and Alpert, F. (1998), “Perspectives on Academic Publishing; Advice for Those Just Starting,” Australasian Marketing Journal, 2(2), 63-80. Saunders, J. and Hirst, A. (2000), “And You Thought it was Bad: The Editorial Process of Journals”, AM 2000 Proceedings, Academy of Marketing Conference, 5-7 July, University of Derby, Nottingham. Parasuraman, A. (2003) “Reflections on Contributing to a Discipline Through Research and Writing,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31: 314-318.
26-Sept: How to Build Theory
Bourgeois, L. J., III (1979), "Toward a Method of Middle-Range Theorizing," Academy of Management Review, 4 (3), 443-447. Zeithaml, V.A., P.R. Varadarajan, and C.P. Zeithaml (1988), "The Contingency Approach: Its Foundations and Relevance to Theory Building and Research in Marketing," European Journal of Marketing, 22 (7), 37-64. Summers, J.O. (2002), “Guidelines for Conducting Research and Publishing in Marketing: From Conceptualisation Through the Review Process,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29 (4), 405-415. Weick, K.E. (1989), “Theory Construction as Disciplined Imagination,” Academy of Management Review, 14 (4) 516-531. Suddaby, R., Hardy, C. & Huy, Q.( 2011), “Where are the New Theories of Organizations?” Academy of Management Review, 36: 236-246. Murray, J.B., D.J. Evers, and S.Janda (1995), "Marketing, Theory Borrowing, and Critical Reflection," Journal of Macromarketing, 15 (Fall), 92-106. Oswick, C., Fleming, P., & Hanlon, G. (2011), “From Borrowing to Blending: Rethinking the Processes of Organizational Theory Building,” Academy of Management Review, 36: 318-337. Shepherd, D. & Sutcliffe, K. (2011), “Inductive Top-Down Theorizing: A Source of New Theories of Organization,” Academy of Management Review, 36: 361-380. Tuli, K.R., A.K. Kohli, and S.G. Bharadwaj (2007), "Rethinking Customer Solutions: From Product Bundles to Relational Processes," Journal of Marketing, 71 (July), 1-17. Bem, D.J. (2002) "Writing the Empirical Journal Article" Gigerenzer, G. (1991), "From Tools to Theories: A Heuristic of Discovery in Cognitive Psychology," Psychological Review, 98 (April), 254-267. Zaltman, LeMasters, and Heffring, Theory Construction in Marketing, pp.71-96. (Chapter 4) (see moodle for copy) Dubin, R. (1969), Theory Building, revised ed. New York, NY: The Free Press, 159-174. (see moodle for
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copy) Varadarajan (1996), “From the Editor: Reflections on Research and Publishing,”Journal of Marketing, 60 (October), 3-6.
3-Oct: Selected Marketing Theories
Howard, D.G., D. M. Savins, W. Howell, and J.K. Ryans, Jr. (1991), "The Evolution of Marketing Theory in the United States and Europe," European Journal of Marketing, 25 (2), 7-16. Resource Advantage theory (R-A theory) Hunt, Shelby D. (2012), “The Evolution of Resource-Advantage Theory: Six Events, Six Realizations, Six Contributions,” Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 4(1), 7- 29. Market Orientation Kohli, A K and BJ Jaworski (1990), “Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications,” Journal of Marketing, 54 (April), 1-18. Narver, J.C. and S.F. Slater (1990), “The Effects of Market Orientation on Business Profitability,” Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 20-35. Jaworski, B. J. Kohli, A. K. (1993),.”Market Orientation: Antecedents and Consequences,” Journal of Marketing, 57(3), 53-70. Learning Orientation H. Sujan, B.A. Weitz and N. Kumar (1994), “Learning Orientation, Working Smart, and Effective Selling,” Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 39-52. Service Dominant Logic Vargo, S.L. and R.F. Lusch (2004), “Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing,” Journal of Marketing, 68 (1), 1-17.
10-Oct: Selected Management Theories
Bacharach, S. (1989). “Organizational Theories,” Academy of Management Review, 14, 496-515. Dynamic Capabilities Teece, D. J., Pisano, G. & Shuen, A. (1997), “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management,” Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533.
Teece, D.J. (2007). “Explicating Dynamic Capabilities: The Nature and Microfoundations of (Sustainable) Enterprise Performance,” Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319-1350.
Resource Based View of the Firm Wernerfelt, B. (1984). “A Resource-Based View of the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal, 5, 171-180. Barney, J. B. (1991). “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage,” Journal of Management, 17, 99-120. Barney, J. B. (1991). “The Resource Based View of Strategy: Origins, Implications, and Prospects.” Editor of Special Theory Forum in Journal of Management, 17, 97-211. Prahalad, C. K., and G. Hamel (1990). “The Core Competence of the Corporation.” Harvard Business Review, June, 79-91. Transaction Cost Economics Williamson, O.E. (1979), “Transaction-Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations,”
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Journal of Law and Economics, 22(2), 233-261. Williamson, O.E. (1981). “The Economics of Organization: The Transaction Cost Approach,” The American Journal of Sociology, 87(2): 233.
17-Oct: Selected Finance Theories
Capital Asset Pricing Model Fama, Eugene F. (1968). “Risk, Return and Equilibrium: Some Clarifying Comments,” Journal of Finance, 23(1), 29-40. Sharpe, W.F. (1964). “Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions of Risk,” Journal of Finance, 19 (3), 425-442. Institutional Theory DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983), “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields,” American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160. Meyer, J.W. and B. Rowan (1977), “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony,” The American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340-363. Aldrich, H.E. and C. Marlene Fiol (1994), “Fools Rush in? The Institutional Context of Industry Creation,” The Academy of Management Review, 19(4), 645-670.
24 Oct- Selected Info Systems Theories
Technology Diffusion T. S. Robertson and H. Gatignon (1986), "Competitive Effects on Technology Diffusion," Journal of Marketing, 50 (3), 1-12. Technology Acceptance Model Davis, F. D. (1989), “Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology,” MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-339. Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P., and Warshaw, P. R. (1989). “User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models,” Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. Theory of Reasoned Action Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1973), “Attitudinal and Normative Variables as Predictors of Specific Behavior,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27(1), 41-57. Motivation Model
31-Oct: Selected Other Theories
Agency Theory Eisenhardt, K.M. () Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review, Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57-74 Stewardship Theory J.H. Davis, F. D. Schoorman and L. Donaldson (1997). Toward a Stewardship Theory of Management,” The Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 20-47. Stakeholder Theory Donaldson, T. and Preston, L. (1995) “The Stakeholder Theory of the Modern Corporation: Concepts, Evidence and Implications,” Academy of Management Review 20, 65-91 Mitchell, R. K., and Agle, B. R. (1997), “Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification and Salience: Defining the Principle of Who and What Really Counts,” Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853-
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886. Prospect Theory Kahneman, D., and A. Tversky (1984), "Choices, Values, and Frames," American Psychologist, 39(4), 341-350. Kahneman, D., and A. Tversky (1979), "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk," Econometrica, 4(2), 263-291. Tversky, A., and D. Kahneman (1981), "The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice," Science 211, 453-458. Organizational Culture Theory Pettigrew, A.M. (1979), “On Studying Organizational Cultures,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 570-581. Smircich, L.(1983), “Concepts of Culture and Organizational Analysis,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(3), 339-358. CSR Godfrey P.C.( 2005), “The Relationship Between Corporate Philanthropy and Shareholder Wealth: A Risk Management Perspective,” Academy of Management Review 30(4): 777-798. Godfrey, P.C., Merrill, C.B. and Hansen, Jared M. (2009), “The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholder Value: An Empirical Test of the Risk Management Hypothesis,” Strategic Management Journal, 30, 425-445.
7-Nov: Theory Boundaries: Moderators
Industry Competitiveness & Concentration Risk-Taking Centralization Commitment to Learning Trust Incremental vs. Radical Innovation Resource Exploration vs. Exploitation Etc
14-Nov: Reviewing as a method of improving theory writing
Singh, J. (2003) “A Reviewer's Gold”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31: 331-336. Ostrom, Amy L. (2003) “Achieving ‘Reviewer Readiness”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31: 337-340. Taylor, Shirley (2003) “Big R (Versus Little R) Reviewers: The Anonymous Coauthor”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31: 341-343. MacInnis, Debbie (2003) “Responsibilities of a Good Reviewer: Lessons Learned from Kindergarten”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31: 344-345. Nakata, Cheryl (2003) “A Philosophy of Reviewing: Taking Cues from Henry James”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31: 346-347.
21-Nov: Thanksgiving Holiday – University Closed
28-Nov: Theory Paper Presentations
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No readings
5-Dec: Interviewing and the First Six Years
No readings
12-Dec: 11-1:30 Final Exam Slot (per University Calendar)