Managing Director or Joint Managing Director Chairman/ Editor in Chief Board of Directors Chief General Manager Company secretary Corporate Administra tion Business Units Administration Corporate Heads Human Resource Management Production Head AGM (Marketing) Chief Manager (Finance & Accounts) Unit Chief Unit Manager Managing Editor Editorial Department Associate Editor Chief News Editor General Editor Chief Manager (Special Projects) General Manager KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF KERALA KAUMUDI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN KERALA, VARKALA 16
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Managing Director or Joint Managing Director
Chairman/ Editor in Chief
Board of Directors
Chief General Manager Company secretary
Corporate Administration
Business Units Administration
Corporate Heads
Human Resource Management
Production Head
AGM (Marketing)
Chief Manager (Finance & Accounts)
Unit Chief
Unit Manager
Managing Editor
Editorial Department
Associate Editor
Chief News Editor
General Editor
Chief Manager (Special Projects)
General Manager
KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF KERALA KAUMUDI
Chart No: 4.1
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
The above organization chart provides a bird’s eye-view of relationships between
different departments or divisions of Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd. As far as Kerala
Kaumudi (P) Ltd is concerned Chairman/ Managing Director is at the top of the
Organization structure. Mr. M S Mani is the Chairman of the company. He also holds
the position of the Chief Editor of the company.
Kerala Kaumudi (P) Ltd is a private sector company which is
registered under Indian Companies Act, 1913.
The functional departments are Human Resource Management, Production
department, Marketing Department, Finance and Accounts Department and Special
Projects. Assistant General Manager (Marketing) controls Space Marketing
Department, New Product Marketing department and Debtors Collection
Management Department.
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Chief Editor
Managing Editor
Executive Editor
Associate Editor
Chief News Editor
Editorial Section
Chief Sub Editor
Senior Sub Editor
Sub Editor
Bureau Chief
Chief PhotographerChief Reporter
Senior Photographer
Special correspondent
Senior Reporter
Reporter Photographer
KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
5.1 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT-DAILY
Chart No: 5.1
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
The editorial department is responsible for pretty much everything that
appears in a publication that isn't advertising. Its main goal is to report the news
accurately and in a reader-friendly way. The editorial department develops, writes,
edits and oversees all the editorial content published in Kerala Kaumudi daily, flash
and magazine. The person responsible for content is usually referred to as the
‘editor’. All articles submitted for publication are reviewed by the editors to ensure
they meet their professional standards. They ensure that the articles and information
published are original and newsworthy.
Newspapers often refine distribution of ads and news through zoning and
editioning. Zoning occurs when advertising and editorial content change to reflect the
location to which the product is delivered. The editorial content often may change
merely to reflect changes in advertising — the quantity and layout of which affects
the space available for editorial — or may contain region-specific news. As the
content can vary widely, zoned editions are often produced in parallel. Editioning
occurs in the main sections as news is updated throughout the night. The advertising
is usually the same in each edition (with the exception section of local news that
undergoes advertising changes). In the case of news paper 60% of space in it is meant
for news and 40% of space is meant for advertisement. The editorial department then
writes (or cuts) more copy to fit within that ratio.
EDITORIAL POLICY OF KERALA KAUMUDI
“Stress on credibility and unbiased reporting” is the motto of the Kerala Kaumudi
since 1911.
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Managing Editor
General Editor
Editor in-charge
Chief Sub Editor
Bureau Chief
Chief PhotographerChief Reporter
Senior Photographer
Special correspondent
Senior Reporter
Reporter Photographer
Senior Sub Editor
Sub Editor
KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
Company has an efficient news team. And its wide network is spread
throughout the country. It has 9 editions spreads over Kerala, Bangalore. The
newspaper stresses on credibility and that is the only reason why Kaumudi is still a
major player in the market. The Editorial Department is headed by the Chief Editor.
Under him come Managing Editor, Executive Editor, Associate Editor, Deputy Editor
and Chief News Editor. Under them come the News Editors, Deputy News Editor,
Chief Sub Editor, and Senior Sub Editors and Sub Editors.
STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL WING - FLASH
ChartNo:5.2
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
CHIEF EDITOR
Editorial Policies of News paper are formulated by the Chief Editor. He controls the
functions of the editing and reporting sections.
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Executive editor is responsible for the execution of the policies formulated by the
Chief Editor. He undertakes planning, administration and implementation of the
policies in consultation with the Chief Editor.
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Monitors both national and international news
CHIEF NEWS EDITOR
► Working according to the policy of the management
► Giving orientation
► Giving suggestions for improvement to the Department
► Giving overall guidance
NEWS EDITORS
Edits general news / monitors television channels and internet.
SUB EDITORS
Engage in news translation and editing activities.
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Production Head
Mechanical section Electrical section Print production
Mechanical engineer
Asst. mechanical engineer
Fitters
Electrician in charge
Asst. electrician
Production manager
Production superintendent
Supervisors
Foremen
KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
5.2 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
The hierarchy of production department starts from editorial department. It
works in connection with DTP section and Circulation Department. Edited news
from the editorial department reaches the DTP section through news editors. From
DTP section it is send to proof reading section then again to the DTP section then to
the News Editor. He decides the intensity of the matter and he sets news in different
pages. The news editor also decides upon the different size of caption used for
different news. After the page transfer is done.
STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Chart No: 5.3
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Editorial department
KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
MECHANICAL SECTION
Mechanical wing deals with the repair maintenance, preventive maintenance and shut
down maintenance for machines. For this minimum numbers of persons employed.
They will try to solve any problem relating to the machines.
MECHANICAL ENGINEER
► Always maintain the press in good condition.
► Always make ready the press for printing.
ASSISTANT ENGINEER
Assists the Mechanical Engineer for maintenance works.
Fitters help the Assistant Engineer for doing maintenance work. They check and
maintain the press in good condition.
ELECTRICAL SECTION
Electrical section deals with repairing all electrical equipments, maintenance
of motors in order to avoid any break down during production. It is the duty of
electrical engineers and electricians to make sure the uninterrupted power supply in
the department.
PRINT PRODUCTION
The basic function of production department in Kerala Kaumudi is
printing newspapers. The printing of Kerala Kaumudi newspaper is undertaken by
M/s. Ravi Printers and Publishers Private Limited. Printing is done in accordance
with the print order given to the foreman by the Circulation Department. Raw
materials for printing are issued by the Materials Department. Printing of news paper
is after 12.00a.m. Printing of Flash begins at 11.45 and Magazine printing is on every
Monday 3.00 p.m.
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
PRODUCTION MANAGER
► Accountable to General Manager.
► A member in Task force
► To cross check the quality of printing.
► To attend all the problems related to production.
► To conduct the meeting prior to the start of work on daily basis.
FOREMAN
► In charge of printing.
► To make sure that printing is on time.
► To check the plates available from the plate making section.
► To check the production activities and number of pages.
► To check the proportion of ink-water.
DISPATCH FOREMAN
► To work in connection to Circulation Department.
► To check the collection/bundles of copies printed.
► To check whether the dispatch is on time.
► To check the vehicles are on right route at right time
ACTIVITIES OF PRINT PRODUCTION
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Advertisement scheduling
Print Production
Production Manager
Foreman
Plate Making
Printing
Dispatch Foreman
Collecting Bundles
DTPManager DTP
ProofAdvertisement
ProofEditorial
Editorial Desk
Circulation Department
KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
Chart No: 5.4
The Print Production section mainly handles the following functions.
Pasting
Plate making
Printing and
Dispatching
AN OVERVIEW OF NEWS PRODUCTION PROCESS
NEWS PRODUCTION PROCESS
Newspapers are usually printed on an off-white paper known as newsprint.
Making of newspapers is called journalism. Much emphasis has been placed upon the
accuracy and fairness of the journalist.
Since the 1980s, the newspaper industry has largely moved away from lower-
quality letterpress printing to higher-quality, four-color process, offset printing. In
addition, desktop computers, word processing software, graphics software, digital
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
cameras and digital prepress and typesetting technologies have revolutionized the
newspaper production process. These technologies have enabled newspapers to
publish color photographs and graphics, as well as innovative layouts and better
design.
The actual content of publications comes from two separate departments. The
ads, whether they be what many refer to as "display" ads (the ones with the borders
around them) or "line" ads (the categorized listings of text ads usually found in the
classified section) are sold and often produced by the Space Marketing Department.
Everything else--the news, features, columns, photos, and stock quotes--all of that
comes from the editorial department and is referred to as "editorial content" or simply
"editorial".
I. SOURCES
Agencies like PTI (Press Trust of India), UNI (United News India).
Public Relations Department
Political leaders
Television/Internet
Police Stations
II. REPORTING
Reporting comprises a wide network and an efficient team of reporters. They
report the news in an unbiased manner. The reporting section is headed by Bureau
Chief. Under him comes the Special Correspondents, Senior Photographers,
Photographers, Chief Reporters, Senior Reporters, Reporters and the Trainees. The
Bureau is connected to the desk of editing section. The company has 42 local
Bureaus.
III. NEWS STORY
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
Usually, the stories will run down columns two-and-a-sixteenth inches wide,
with an eighth-inch blank space between the columns. And since ads often appear on
the same pages as the editorial content, although it would make sense that the column
width that editorial uses always matches up with what advertising defines as a
column, occasionally there are exceptions.
IV. EDITING
This section comprises of various desks: Local desk, Main desk, Feature desk, Sports
desk and International desk. Here the selection, editing of news, selection of
photographers, page layout, and coordination is carried out.
FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS DESKS
LOCAL DESK: Local desk edits all local news. The desk is headed by Chief Sub
Editor, and under him comes the Senior Subeditor, Subeditors and Trainees.
MAIN DESK: Main desk edits all general news, political news, science news, national
news etc. It is headed by the Chief main desk and under him comes the News Editor,
Chief Editor, Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors and Trainees.
FEATURE DESK: Feature desk edits the editorial page. It is headed by Resident
Editor and under him comes Senior Sub Editor, Sub Editors, and trainees.
SPORTS DESK: Edits all sports news .It comprises of News Editor and Trainees.
INTERNATIONAL DESK: Edits all international news. Headed by Chief Sub Editor,
under him comes Sub editor and Trainees.
PAGE DETAILS OF KERALA KAUMUDI MORNING DAILY
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
Page Contents Page setup by
1 General News Main Desk
2 &3 Local News Local Desk
4 Business News Business Desk, Kochi
5 Local Local/General Desk
6 Editorial page Feature Desk
7 General news Main Desk
8 Obituary Local/General Desk
9 Classifieds Space Marketing
10 Classifieds and News Space Marketing/Main desk
11 National/International/Science News Main Desk
12 Special News Feature Desk
13 Sports News Sports Desk
14 General News Main desk
Table No: 5.1
IV. DTP SECTION
DTP is a part of the Editorial Department (See the next chapter). DTP
manager is the head of the DTP section. Pre press activities are under taken in this
section. In the case of dailies and magazines, the editing and pagination is done in the
DTP section. In the case of Flash, this is done in press section of Flash. Adobe Page
Maker 7.0 is the software used for pagination.
The functions performed in the DTP section can be listed as follows:
► Firstly, the advertisement layout is setup with the requirements of
advertisement coordinator by the operator.
► The remaining space on the newspaper is devoted for news.
► The data supplied from the desk is scanned and entered into the computers by
the operators.
► Advertisement in the PDF format from the agencies and the photographers are
entered into computers through scanners.
ACTIVITIES OF DTP SECTION
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Editorial
Composing Proof section Page Layout Laser Print/ film Film pastingPlate making
KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
The main activities carried out in the DTP section are shown in the following
diagram.
ACTIVITIES OF DTP SECTION
Chart No: 5.5
COMPOSING
In DTP section, data entry of the matter handed over by the editorial
section is undertaken. All the input materials such as photographic reflections,
originals, non-photographic pictures are converted into digital files and resized as per
requirement. Transmission Section transfers General pages to all editions through
ISDN broadband lines. Almost eighteen staffs are working in this section in 4
rotating shifts.
PROOF SECTION
A miniature printout of A4 size will be send to editorial proof and
advertisement proof section. Corrections are carried out after proof reading by the
operators.
LAYOUT
Then each page is made by the concerned desk chiefs with the support of
operators. Matter is sorted again and page order is checked. Layout sheets are marked
with vertical lines that correspond to the column widths of your publication, as well as
horizontal markers that correspond to the units your newspaper uses to measure the
height of the ad, usually inches or centimeters.
LASER PRINT OUTPUT
Black and white pages are printing in laser printer.
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
IMAGE SETTING
The matter pages containing four colours (primary colors-cyan, magenta,
yellow – and black) composed in ‘PageMaker’ are converted to Post script files or pdf
(portable document format) using Torrent v6.0 SP3 software. These files are
transferred to Graphic Art films using an imported Image setter machine, ‘Scan text
Othello’. These graphic art films are processed in the machine ‘Image Line’. This
machine has three racks, each containing developer, fixers and water. Developer and
water is used in the ratio 1:3.
The following parameters have to be checked before exposing.
PARAMETERS CHECKED BEFORE EXPOSING
Sl. NO Parameters 1 Mast Head
2 Date Line
3 Price and Edition
4 Page size
5 Page Number
6 Screen Angle
7 Screen Frequency
8 Resolution
9 Color Code
10 Registration Marks
11 Non –Emulsion
12 Perfect matching of fonts
13 Non –Creasing
Table No: 5.2
After taking final full sized printout of each page on LP/ film, these will be handed
over to the Production department.
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
STRIPPING
Color negatives are "stripped" together for each page. A blue-line print is
made from "stripped-up" negatives and is used to check image position before
printing.
PASTING
The prints are pasted on the astronel sheet.
PLATE MAKING
The plate is produced by a photo chemical procedure. The astronel sheet is
placed on an Aluminum sheet with a chemical coating and vacuum is applied on it.
After this process it is exposed to a u.v.light of 3000 W for 85 seconds. When the
plates are exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs that allows an ink-receptive
coating to be activated. This results in the transfer of the image from the negative to
the plate. Each of the primary colors -- black, cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow
-- has a separate plate. The light passes through the non-image area and it is
developed by using a developer. Then gum is applied on the plate to avoid oxidation.
The next step after plate making is the printing.
PRINTING
Offset lithography is the workhorse of printing. Almost every
commercial printer does it. The paper is fed through the press as one continuous
stream pulled from rolls of paper. Each roll can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (1
ton) Web presses print at very high speeds and use very large sheets of paper. Even
when a 1-ton roll of paper runs out, the presses do not stop rolling. The press has to
maintain a constant balance between the force required to move the paper forward and
the amount of backpressure (resistance) that allows the paper to remain tight and flat
while traveling through the equipment.
The machine used in Kerala Kaumudi is WEBKING (manufactured by M/s.Perfect
Rotary Offset (p) Ltd, one of the leading manufacturers and exporters of high quality
web offset printing press). The speed of the machine is 35,000copies/hour. And the
average number of copies that can be printed from 1 reel is 23,000 copies.
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
OFFSET PROCESS
Ink and water do not mix -- this is the underlying principle of offset
lithography. The ink is distributed to the plates through a series of rollers. On the
press, the plates are dampened, first by water rollers, then by ink rollers. The rollers
distribute the ink from the ink fountain onto the plates. The image area of the plate
picks up ink from the ink rollers. The water rollers keep the ink off of the non-image
areas of the plate. Each plate then transfers its image to a rubber blanket that in turn
transfers the image to the paper. This process is shown in the following figure. The
plate itself does not actually touch the paper -- thus the term "offset" lithography. All
of this occurs at an extremely high speed.
BINDERYThe bindery is where the printed product is completed. The huge rolls of now-printed
paper are cut and put together so that the pages fall in the correct order. These printed
news papers are manually collected, counted and packed into bundles as per the
requirement of the agents and attaches a slip containing number, number of news
papers enclosed etc.
DISPATCHING
These bundles are sent through different routes to various destinations or dropping
points. Just before reaching the ultimate consumers or readers, the newspaper bundles
are collected by the concerned agents at the dropping points. They in turn take the
newspaper to the readers.
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KERALA KAUMUDI (P) LTD
5.3 MARKETING DEPRTMENT
SPACE MARKETING DEPARTMENT
Advertisements, for long, have been a major source of revenue
for the newspapers and periodicals. Most newspapers make nearly all their money
from advertising. The portion of the newspaper that is not advertising is called
editorial content. Every ad the Company sell will need to conform to the column
widths of the newspaper. The width of every newspaper page can be broken down
into columns of equal size. How wide a column can be seen by looking at how the
editorial copy flows on a page. Usually in the case of news paper 60% of space in it is
meant for news and 40% of space is meant for advertisement.
FUNCTIONS OF SPACE MARKETING
► Planning, analyzing and implementation of advertising activities.
► Monitoring advertisement collection activities.
► Coordinating the activities relate with publication of regular and periodical
supplements.
► Coordinating the activities of the field executives both inside and outside
Kerala.
► Research and development activities to update with changes in the industry.
► Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular
clients.
► Conducting periodical training programs for Marketing Executives.