The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016 Os Desafios da Internet das Coisas - The IoT Challenges PROF.DR. FREDY JOÃO VALENTE -27/04/2016
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Os Desafios da Internet das Coisas -The IoT Challenges
P RO F. D R . F R E DY J OÃ O VA L E N T E - 2 7 / 0 4 / 2 0 1 6
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Agenda
• Definitions of IoT
• Market forecast
• IoT Technology Enablers• Devices, Communication, Protocols, Architecture, Security, Databases
• IoT RoadMap
• Future Internet• Design
• Digital Economy
• Tech trends
• Applications• New tech Developments
• Research Needs
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
IoT - Definitions
Shancang Li & Li Da Xu & Shanshan Zhao, “The internet of things: a survey”, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Department of Information Technology and Decision Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA, School of Computing, University of the West of Scotland, April 2014
“The capacity of sensing the environment through a population of objects in that environment becamesynonym to pervasive computing. The sensor network is the main enabler of IoT which intermitentlysample-compute-actuate.”
Arkady Zaslavsky, Charith Perera, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, “Sensing as a Service & Big Data”, ICT Centre, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia, Research School of Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, published at Cornell University Library, 2013.
“The Internet of Things is a system where the Internet is connected to the real world via ubiquitous sensors”
Kevin Ashton, "That 'Internet of Things' Thing", RFID Journal, 22 June 2009 – co-founder of MIT Auto ID Center which developed EPC/UHF RFID
“IoT is a global dynamic network infrastructure capable of auto-configuration based around standardised interoperable communication protocols. Physical and virtual ´things´ have identities and atributes which are capable of utilising inteligent interfaces and be integrated to na information network”.
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
IoT Market Forecast 2020Annual groth rate 16.9% (devices, connectivity & TI services) – from $655.8 billion 2014 to $1.7 trillion in 2020
◦ Intelligent lighting, HVAC, smart buildings – to reach $200 Bn by 2020,
◦ Vertical specific devices such as smart surgery rooms, smart agriculture, container tracking, ships, airplanes, etc – to reach $667 Bn by 2020.
◦ In general, value generation will be provided by IT services & solutions, BigData & Analytics enabling the d-Business age.
Source: Gartner / IDC
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Internet of Things: The story so far
RFID based
solutions
Wireless Sensor and
Actuator networks
, solutions for
communication
technologies, energy
efficiency, routing, …
Smart Devices/
Web-enabled Apps/Services,
initial products,
vertical applications, early
concepts and demos, …
Physical-Cyber-Social Systems, Linked-
data, semantics,
More products, more heterogeneity,
solutions for control and monitoring,
…
Future: Cloud, Big (IoT) Data Analytics,
Interoperability, Enhanced
Cellular/Wireless Com. for IoT, Real-
world operational use-cases and
Industry and B2B services/applications,
more Standards…
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
ECG sensor
P. Barnaghi, A. Sheth, "Internet of Things: the story so far", IEEE IoT Newsletter, September 2014.
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
IoT – Enabling technologies
• Embedded devices: RFID or wireless sensor networks (WSN), may be part of the IoT - but as stand alone
applications (intranets) they miss the back-end information infrastructures necessary to create newservices. The
IoT has come to mean much more that just networked RFID systems. RFID systems are standardized - WSN still
lacks that !
• Applications: IoT applications need to explore the infrastructure in full – small applications cannot be referred as
IoT without real impact on a global Internet.
• Ubiquitous/pervasive computing: Although
small computing devices and the ubiquitous
services derived from their data is probably a
requirement for the IoT, pervasive computing is
NOT the IoT.
• The Internet Protocol: Widely used globally for
clients and servers, however many objects in
the IoT will not be able to run an Internet
Protocol.
• Communication technologies: Very important
part in the IoT. There is a myriad of emerging
wireless communication such as WiFi,
Bluetooth, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, LTE, LoRa
available to the IoT.
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
HW – Sensor Devices: widely available
Ready to use sensors:• Humidity, Temperature (air/soil/water), humidity on leaves, Ph, Calcium, Nitrate, Wind Speed, Atmospheric
pressure, solar radiation, pluviometre, stem diametre, luminosity, watering, reservoir levels, liquid flux, gas flux etc
Source: libelium.com
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Wireless Communication for IoT
6LoWPAN / Mobile
Standard: BLE 4.22.4GhzRange: up to 150m1Mbps
Mesh / IndustrialStandard: IEEE802.15.42.4GhzRange: up to 100m250kbps
Mesh / HomeStandard:Z-Wave Alliance ZAD12837 / ITU-T G.995900 MhzRange: up to 30m100kbps
6LoWPAN
Standard: RFC6282 / spec IPv6 / TCP /MQTT / CoAP900 Mhz / 2.4 Ghz etcRange: N/AN/A
Mesh / Home / MobileStandard: IEEE802.15.4 / 6LoWPAN2.4 Ghz MhzRange: N/AN/A
Standard: IEEE802.11n2.4/5GhzRange: up to 50mUp to 1Gbit/s
Mobile / Celular
Standard: GPRS/UMTS-HSPA/LTE900/1800/1900/2100 MhzRange: avg 30km / 200km for HSPA35kbps-10Mbps
Ticketing / authenticationTwo way secure communication – AESStandard: ISO/IEC 18000-3C13,56 MhzRange: 10cm 10-420kbps
WAN / M2MStandard:SigfoxUHF 900 MhzRange: 30-50km10-1000bps
WAN / M2MStandard:NeulUHF 900/458/470-490 Mhz Range: 10km10-100 kbps
WAN / M2MStandard:LoRavarious Range: 15-20km0,3-50kbps
Secure Supply ChainTwo way secure communication v2 – AESStandard: ISO/IEC 18000-63915 MhzRange: 7m / anti-collision up tp 600 tags/s115,2kbps
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
IoT – communication protocols
MQTT (formerly Message Queue Telemetry Transport) is an ISO standard (ISO/IEC PRF 20922) Client Server publish-subscribe based "light weight" messaging protocol for use on top of the TCP/IP (MQTT-S runs on top of UDP) for constrained environments such as M2M and IoT:
◦ MQTT brokers available: ActiveMQ, Apollo, HiveMQ, IBM Message Sight, JoramMQ, Mosquitto, RabbitMQ, Solace Message Routers, and VerneMQ
CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) - intended to be used in very simple electronics devices such as low power sensors (M2M and IoT) – it is Web Services oriented. Runs on top of UDP. See RFC 7252. Already implemented in most programming languages.
REST API, XMPP
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Middleware / Architecture
•Kaa: Middleware IoT: permite a interconexão de sensores e
dispositivos e Aplicações
•Permite múltiplos canais de comunicação e diversas
tecnologias (WiFi, zigbee, LoRa, 4G/LTE, RFID etc);
•Roda em núvem: permite conectividade (dispositivo/núvem)
fim-a-fim e segurança fim-a-fim;
•Permite o inventário ativo de dispositivos, captura as
especificações de cada dispositivo, distribui atualizações de
firmware;
•Suporta MQTT e CoAP (M2M);
•Suporta BigData (NoSQL - mongoDB, Hadoop, Cassandra)•Suporta (virtualmente) qualquer hardware desde low-power
MCU´s (LoRa, LTE cat 0)) até Windows, Linux, Ubuntu, Apple,RaspberryPi, STM (ARM), Intel, RTOS (RFID), Android e iOS;
•Pode manusear milhões de dispositivos conectados – emúltiplos servidores / Aplicações, Integração via REST API
•Modelo de dados estruturado, não estruturado, compatívelcom Apache Avro e GUI para schemas de dados
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Security Issues in IoT – big challenge
•To secure IoT, we must define the IoT
•Unprotected devices on theInternet will be attacked
•Encryption is neededthroughout the data lifecycle
•** implement security alreadydeployed in NFC / RFID intomotes: tough ! ** sugestion
•Single security model for all IoT communications
•Data stream access controls
•Tracking device metadata
•Secure provisioning in the field
•Firmware updates in the field
•Compliance with global regulations
•Leaving security up to each IoT project team
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Ten
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Th
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san
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M
illio
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Bill
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s C
on
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Internet of Things
Machine-to-Machine
Isolated (autonomous, disconnected)
Monitored
Smart Systems
(Intelligence in Subnets of Things )
Telemetry andTelematics
Smart HomesConnected Cars
Intelligent BuildingsIntelligent Transport
SystemsSmart Meters and Grids
Smart RetailingSmart Enterprise
Management
Remotely controlled and managed
Building automation
ManufacturingSecurityUtilities
Internet of Things
Sensors
Devices
Systems
Things
Processes
People
Industries
Products
Services
Growth in connections generates an unparalleled scale of data
Source: Machina Research 2014
The Need for Big Data
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Data Lifecycle - challenge
Source: The IET Technical Report, Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment: Challenges and opportunities of data driven systems for building, community and city-scale applications,http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm
“Data will come from various source and from different platforms and various systems.”
This requires an ecosystem of IoT systems with several backend support components (e.g. pub/sub, storage, discovery, and access services). Semantic interoperability is also a key requirement.
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
IoT : ex. Remote Condition Monitoring
Vehicle Equipped with telematics unit
Sensors to monitor moving parts,
hydraulics liquids, etc
Partners Service provider
Repair specialist and vehicle
manufacturers
Vehicle Driver On-board diagnostics
Information about other vehicles, e.g. to
unload harvest
Vehicle Operations Intelligent monitoring of machine KPIs
and fluid analysis
Optimum servicing intervals
IoT
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
ScalabilityHeterogeneity
Agility & Flexibility
inApplications, Devices
and Connectivity
ScalabilityFlexibilityAnalytics
Unified View
inData
M2M & IoT Application Platforms
Data Databases
SQL(Oracle, IBM, etc.)for structured data
Hybrid(SAP Hana, VoltDB, etc.)
for speed and heterogeneity
NoSQL(MongoDB, Cassandra, etc.)for agility and heterogeneity
Source: Machina Research 2014
IoT-Platforms and Database-Systems
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
IoT – 6A Conectivity
The Internet of Things could allow people and things to be connected Anytime, Anyplace, with Anything and Anyone, ideally using Any path/network and Any service.
“From anytime, anyplace connectivity for anyone, we will now have connectivity for anything” (ITU)
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Smart object dimensions:
• Smart objects are able to sense, interpret, and react to external such as:• Convergence, Content, Collections (Repositories), Computing, Communication, and Connectivity
allowing seamless interconnection between people and things and/or between things and things.
•The IoT could imply a symbiotic interaction between the real/physical, world, and the digital/virtual world: physical entities have digital counterparts and virtual representation; • things become context aware and they can sense, communicate, interact, exchange data,
information and knowledge.
Activity-aware objects, policy-aware objects, and process-aware objects.
• Three design dimensions to use in the design of “Internet of smart objects.”
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Future Internet
• Future Internet considers thefusion of IoT, IoP, IoE, IoM and IoSin a global IT platforminterconnecting intelligent thingsand objects.
• IoP (Internet of People) will interconnect people maintaining their control over online activities in organisations, communities –information producers and consumers (“prosumers”).
• IoE (Internet of Energy) – dynamic infrastructure connecting energy with the Internet – for generationand distribution of energy packets where and when necessary.
• IoS (Internet of Services) denotes a network which will deliver service componentes through the Internet enabling SOA, Web/enterprise 3.0/X.0, Interoperability among enterprises, Web Services, GRID and Semantic Web between consumers and producers.
• IoM (Internet of Media) will address the challenges of coding and processing of scalable vídeo for multi players in gaming environments, digital cinema and virtual worlds which will demand new strategies for data traffic and mobile architectures.
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Object connected to Internet of Things and their three main challenging domains: Technologies— Communication —Intelligence
At the conceptual level the IoT technology represents the “middleware” between the implementation and grand challenges such as climate change, energy efficiency, mobility, digital society, global health and enabling technologies such as nanoelectronics, communication, sensors, smart phones, embedded systems, cloud computing and software technologies.
These challenges will eventually create new products, new services, new interfaces and new applications. The grand challenges will also drive the creation of new environments and intelligent ambients.
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
D-Business – 2016 onwards
D-business attributes:
Nearly all physical and virtual assets in the value chain are digital. Intelligent “things” are part of end-to-end processes. Intelligent agents take care of business by making decisions based on context.
Consumer and business solution modules are engaged via digital means. Most sales, deliveries and services are automated. Most analog or human dependent tasks are eliminated by automation using IoT, intelligent agents and robots.
Employees are engaged via digital means and collaborate in teams.
Tangible revenue and value are generated in a digital manner.
Things (physical and virtual) become agents of themselves for people and business and are able to provide services and answers to requests in the place of humans
DIGITAL BUSINESS IS A NEW BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE PHYSICAL AND VIRTUAL WORLDS HAVE MERGED. – Fredy Valente -
IoT allied with the development of emergent Internet Technologies such as IoE, IoP, IoM, IoS and business solutions form the infrastructure to the digital society based on knowledge and innovation.
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Technological Trends
Re-design of mechnisms to find, fetch and transmit data which is collected and enchanged by interconnect IoT objects: todas energy consumption is at its limits
Autonomic Energy Harvesting devices and systems: from tiniest smart dust to huge data centers
Miniturization of devices with the objective on reaching a single electron transistor (depends heavily on new discoveries in physics)
Autonomous and responsible behaviour of resources: systems / devices should become self-managed / self-healed and self-configured.
The Key to address these macro trends in IoT is research and development in global intersectoral / interdisciplinary areas. High degree of complexity.
DC-UFSCAR INTRODUÇÃO A LÓGICA – 2016 / SEM-1 Prof. Fredy
Social media analysis / Data and Event Visualisation
27
City Infrastructure
Tweets from a city
P. Anantharam, P. Barnaghi, K. Thirunarayan, A. Sheth, "Extracting city events from social streams,“, ACM Transactions on TICS, 2014.
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Some IoT Challenges – in conclusion
28
•IoT data analytics are a new challenge to big data analytics.
•Data collection in the IoT challenges the bandwidth, network, energyand other resources.
•Data collection, delivery and processing is also depended on multiple layers of the network – there are lots of work here !
•We need more resource-aware data analytics methods and cross-layer optimisations – some decisions need to be made locally !
•The solutions should work across different systems and multiple platforms (Ecosystem of systems).
•Data sources are more than physical (sensory) observation – virtual smart objects are also a part of IoT !
•The IoT requires integration and processing of physical-cyber-social data : huge challenge !
•The extracted insights and information should be converted to a feedback and/or actionable information – remote and monitoring intelligent control challenge !!
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Future Developments (1)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Future Developments (2)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Research Needs (1)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Research Needs (2)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Research Needs (3)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge
The IoT Challenges – 27/04/2016
Research Needs (4)
Ref: Internet of Things Strategic Research Roadmap, IfM – University of Cambridge