Ortographic projection

• 1. DRAWINGS:( A Graphical Representation)The Fact about:If compared with Verbal or Written Description,Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance ofany object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time. Hence it has become the Best Media of Communicationnot only in Engineering but in almost all Fields.

2. Drawings (Some Types) PortraitsBotanical Drawings( human faces,Nature Drawings ( plants, flowers etc.)expressions etc.)( landscape,Geographicalscenery etc.) Zoological DrawingsDrawingsEngineering Drawings,(creatures, animals etc.)( maps etc.) (projections.)Building Related Drawings.Machine component Drawings Orthographic Projections Isometric ( Mech.Engg.Term.)(Fv,Tv & Sv.-Mech.Engg terms)or Perspective(Civil Engg.Term) (Plan, Elevation- Civil Engg.terms)(Working Drawings 2-D type) (Actual Object Drawing 3-D) 3. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS :IT IS A TECHNICAL DRAWING IN WHICH DIFFERENT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT ARE PROJECTED ON DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANES OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESPECTIVE REFERENCE PLANEDifferent Reference planes are Horizontal Plane (HP), Vertical Frontal Plane ( VP )Side Or Profile Plane ( PP)And Different Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV)FV is a view projected on VP.TV is a view projected on HP.SV is a view projected on PP. IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:1 Planes. 2 Pattern of planes & Pattern of views 3 Methods of drawing Orthographic Projections 4. PLANES1 PRINCIPAL PLANES HP AND VP AUXILIARY PLANESAuxiliary Vertical PlaneAuxiliary Inclined Plane Profile Plane(A.V.P.)(A.I.P.) ( P.P.)A.I A.V.P..P.t o V to Hp & to Vp p &to Hp 5. PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method) 2THIS IS A PICTORIAL SET-UP OF ALL THREE PLANES.ARROW DIRECTION IS A NORMAL WAY OF OBSERVING THE OBJECT.BUT IN THIS DIRECTION ONLY VP AND A VIEW ON IT (FV) CAN BE SEEN.THE OTHER PLANES AND VIEWS ON THOSE CAN NOT BE SEEN.Y PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM:-TO MAKE THOSE PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION,A) HP IS ROTATED 900 DOUNWARDX B) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION.THIS WAY BOTH PLANES ARE BROUGHT IN THE SAME PLANE CONTAINING VP.Click to view Animation On clicking the button if a warning comes please click YES to continue, this program issafe for your pc.VP PP Y FVLSVX Y XTVHP ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWSHP IS ROTATED DOWNWARD 900PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE 90 0OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSANDANDDRAWN INBROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS 6. 3 Methods of Drawing Orthographic ProjectionsFirst Angle Projections MethodThird Angle Projections MethodHere views are drawnHere views are drawnby placing objectby placing objectin 1st Quadrant in 3rd Quadrant.( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y ) SYMBOLIC( Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y ) PRESENTATION OF BOTH METHODSWITH AN OBJECTSTANDING ON HP ( GROUND)TVFVON ITS BASE.XYNOTE:- XYHP term is used in 1 Angle methodst& FVTVFor the same GL Ground term is used in 3rd Angle method of projections 7. FIRST ANGLEFOR T.V. PROJECTIONIN THIS METHOD,HE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BESITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP. OBJECT IS INBETWEENOBSERVER & PLANE. VPPPFV LSV S.V. FOR XYFORF.VTV . HP ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS INFIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS 8. THIRD ANGLE FOR T.V.PROJECTIONIN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BESITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT. TVXYLSVFV ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS S.V. FOROFTHIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS FOR F.V. 9. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS{ MACHINE ELEMENTS } OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS. THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES. AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES. THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW.FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP )TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP )SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP ) FIRST STUDY THE CONCEPT OF 1 ST AND 3 RD ANGLE PROJECTION METHODSND THEN STUDY NEXT 26 ILLUSTRATED CASES CAREFULLRY TO RECOGNIZE SURFACESERPENDICULAR TO THE ARROW DIRECTIONS 10. FOR T.V. 1 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW FO R . F. V.S.VR FOxyPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN TOP VIEWDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 11. FOR T.V.2ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW XY FORS.V.FORF.V . TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 12. FOR T.V. 3ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW FO . RS.V FOR F. V. XYTOP VIEWPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 13. 4FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW XYS.V.FORFORF.V .TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 14. FOR T.V.5 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW S.V. FORFOR XYF.V . TOP VIEWPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 15. 6 FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEWL.H.SIDE VIEW X YS.V.FORFORF.V . TOP VIEWPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 16. 7 FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEWL.H.SIDE VIEW FOR F.VS.V..X YFORPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENTOP VIEWDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 17. STUDY8FOR T.V.ZILLUSTRATIONS ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEW50X Y 20 25 FOR F.V 2520.TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 18. 9 FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEWXY FORS.V. F.VFOR.TOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 19. 10FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X YS.V.FORFORF.V .PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN TOP VIEWDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 20. FOR T.V. 11 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEWFORXYF.V .S.V.FORTOP VIEW PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 21. 12FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEWXY FORS.V.FOR F.V.PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENTOP VIEWDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 22. STUDY13ZILLUSTRATIONS FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS35 FV3510xy10 20 30 FOR40 F.V 70.TVO PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 23. STUDY14ZILLUSTRATIONS FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFV 30 10 30 SV 30 10 30 x yS.V.FORFORF.V . ALL VIEWS IDENTICALTV PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 24. STUDY15 Z ILLUSTRATIONSORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FOR T.V.ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FVSV x y 104060FORS.V. 40FORF.V TV . 60 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 25. FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 16 ALL VIEWS IDENTICALFVSVx y10S.V. FORFOR F.V 4060.PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN 40 TOP VIEWDRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 60 26. 17ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW30 SQUARE 402050 FORS.V.2010XY F.VFOR 30 O.60F.V.S.V.PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 27. FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 18FV40X 10 Y O 30 D45FOR F.VO.1050 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD80 TV 28. 19 FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FV 40XO10 Y 1001025 FOR TV 10 30 10 F.V25 O.30 R20 D PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 29. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS20 DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 30FOR T.V.FVRECT.SLOT 105035 10XY20 D FORTV F.V.60 D30 D TOP VIEWO 30. 21 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 10 25152540 10 FOR25S.V.25 F.VFOR OO. 80 25F.V.S.V. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENDRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 31. FOR T.V.22ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS45030FV40XY 30 D FOR F.V TV. 40 OPICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN15 DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT40 BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 32. 23 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFORHEX PART 3020F.V 20 .S.V. 4020FOR O 5020 15O30 100 60PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENFRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW DRAW FV ABD SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 33. FOR T.V.ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS242040FRONT VIEWF.V.30 10X YO1030FOR 10F.V 30 . O 80PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVENT.V.TOP VIEW DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 34. 25ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS1010 15 25 25X YO50 10 S.V. FV LSV FOR FOR F.V. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND LSV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 35. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN26DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECTBY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONSFORF.V . 3020 1020 1510 15 S.V.O FOR 15 3015X Y 50 F.V. LEFT S.V.