Ornithopter flying wing mecahnism

Ornithopter

ORNITHOPTER

A mini project by

Harshal Patil TE T-31

Pooja Patil TE T-33

Vijay Patil TE T-34

Priyanka Salve TE T-43

Introduction

An ornithopter (from Greek ornithos "bird"and pteron "wing") is an aircraft that flies by flappingits wings.

Designers seek to imitate the flapping-wing flight ofbirds, bats, and insects.

Though machines may differ in form, they are usuallybuilt on the same scale as these flying creatures.

Manned ornithopters have also been built, and somehave been successful.

Ornithopter

An ornithopter in Flight

History

Leonardo da Vinci's ornithopter design

E.P. Frost's 1902

ornithopter

Projects Worldwide

DelFly

-TU Delft, Netherlands

Robotic Insect

-Harvard MicroRobotics Laboratory

AERODYNAMICS

Flapping Wings

Aerodynamics of Flapping Wings

When flapping the wings, the airflow is highly

turbulent and producing more lift compared to fixed

wing flight.

These effects are a consequence of the permanently

changing wing position during flapping, and are

connected to the Reynolds number.

In this section the most important aerodynamic

effects are described.

Leading Edge Vortex

During down-stroke with a high angle of attack the flowseparates from the wing and a vortex evolves along theleading edge of the wing.

Due to high turbulence the flow re-attaches the wing beforereaching the trailing edge and stall. The vortex results in asignificant higher lift than could be observed in laminar flow.

At the end of every stroke some insects and birds rotatetheir wings such that the angle of attack remains positive.

The additional circulation around the wing results in extralift.

Concluding it can be said that the aerodynamics ofapplying wing motion are rather complex as it is unsteadyand highly turbulent.

Rotational Lift

Lift

In order to get a rough idea about what could beexpected as lift, and therefore have a boundary forthe total weight of the MAV, some simplifications arenecessary, which allow applying the 2-dimensionalairfoil theory with the formula for lift (L).

L = (CL.ρ.v2.A)/2

With

the air density, ρ

Airspeed, v

Platform area, A

The lift coefficient CL, for a specific angle of attack.

The lift coefficient (CL, Ca or Cz)

It is a dimensionless coefficient that relates the lift generatedby a lifting body to the density of the fluid around the body,its velocity and an associated reference area.

A lifting body is a foil or a complete foil-bearing body such asa fixed-wing aircraft.

The lift coefficient CL refers to the dynamic lift characteristicsof a two-dimensional foil section, with the reference areareplaced by the foil chord.

The lift coefficient CL is defined by

Where L is the lift force, ρ is fluid density, v is trueairspeed, S is platform area and q is the fluid dynamicpressure.

OUR MODEL

Components

Aluminum Linkages

Sliders.

Nut and bolts.

Vinyl Sheet (Wings)

Wooden Plank (Base)

Our Model

Our contraption of an Ornithopter

WORKING

Mechanism of Flapping Wings

Flying on flapping wings using

Quick Return Mechanism

QUICK RETURN MECHANISM

Working

ApplicationsOrnithopters can be made to resemble

birds or insects, they could be used for

military applications without alerting the

enemies that they are under surveillance.

Several ornithopters have been flown with

video cameras on board, some of which

can hover and maneuver in small spaces.

Applications

In 2011, AeroVironment, Inc. announced a

remotely piloted ornithopter resembling a

large hummingbird for possible spy missions.

The Colorado Division of Wildlife has used

these machines to help save the endangered

Gunnison Sage Grouse.

THANK YOU…