POLITICAL DIVIDED. Arauca. Its capital is Arauca, is a llanerasubregion where the main economy is oil exploration, displacing livestock. In extension, is mostly dominated by valleys, bounded on the north by the Arauca River, west by Venezuela, to the east by the Sierra Nevada cocuy (another mountainous area of the Orinoco region), and south along the river and river Meta Casanare. Its name and of its capital, is derive of name of a bird called “Arauco”. Arauca department consists of seven municipalities, a township, 77 police posts, and equally by numerous villages and populated places. It has 337 886 habitants for a population density of 0.01 hab/Km 2 . Casanare. Its capital is Yopal, shopping and livestock in the region, its economy is based on oil exploitation, cattle ranching, and agriculture (rice and palm). As Arauca, dominate valleys, and is surrounded by large rivers in northern limits Casanare River, west and south limits the Meta River, east borders the Boyacá department.
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POLITICAL DIVIDED.
Arauca.
Its capital is Arauca, is a llanerasubregion where the main economy is oil exploration, displacing livestock. In extension, is mostly dominated by valleys, bounded on the north by the Arauca River, west by Venezuela, to the east by the Sierra Nevada cocuy (another mountainous area of the Orinoco region), and south along the river and
river Meta Casanare. Its name and of its capital, is derive of name of a bird called “Arauco”. Arauca department consists of seven municipalities, a township, 77 police posts, and equally by numerous villages and populated places. It has 337 886 habitants for a population density of 0.01 hab/Km2. Casanare.
Its capital is Yopal, shopping and livestock in the region, its economy is based on oil exploitation, cattle ranching, and agriculture (rice and palm). As Arauca, dominate valleys, and is surrounded by large rivers in northern limits Casanare River, west and south limits the Meta River, east borders the
Boyacá department.
The department name´s comes from the word achagua “Casanari”, meaning river of sewage. Casanare is divided into nineteen municipalities, eleven districts, 106 police posts, and numerous villages and populated places. It has 247541 habitants for a population density of 10.39 hab/Km2. Meta.
The capital is Villavicencio, the capital llanera par excellence, its economy is based on agriculture in rice and palm elsewhere in cattle ranching main point being San Martin, and exploitation of oil and Puerto Lopez and Puerto Gaitan. It is the fourth largest department in Colombia.
Bordered on the north by the department of Cundinamarca and Casanare, to the west by the Department of Vichada, on the east by the department of Huila, Cundinamarca and Caquetá, and south by the department of Guaviare and Caquetá. The Name “Meta” is an aborigen name of white river. The department is divided into twenty-nine municipalities, 15 police posts, as well as numerous villages and populated places. It has 783168 habitants for a population density of 9.15 hab/Km2. Vichada.
Is the area of indigenous reserves in the region, its capital is Puerto Carreño, its area is covered by lots basin, and its territory is considered most indigenous heritage, its main economic sources are palm crops and livestock, however it has a social problem for the extraction of Coltan.
Bordered on the north Meta River, west river Orinoco, Guaviare River south, and east by the department of Meta.
The department is divided into four municipalities, 25 police posts, as well as numerous villages and populated places. It has 55872 habitants for a population density of 0.53 hab/Km2. ACCESS ROADS. You can arrive by air to Arauca (capital), Tame, Yopal, Villavicencio, Puerto Gaitan, PuertoCarreño. For terrestrial environment are main roads Bogota-Villavicencio; Florencia-Villavicencio; Pamplonita (Nte. Santander) - Cubará (Boyacá) - Tame and Arauca; Sogamoso - Sámaca – Tame; Sogamoso - Aguazul – Yopal; but there are other possible ways, including routes exist between the main cities as Yopal - Arauca; Villavicencio - Yopal. Colombian road the only way to get to Puerto Carreño is Villavicencio - Puerto Lopez - Puerto Gaitán - Puente Arimena - Puerto Carreño. TYPICAL MUSIC AND DANCE In traditional Colombian music llanera music is the most wealth of forms present. The word Joropo, in the context of plain refers not only to music and dance but also the name of the meetings where they sing and dance, the party is joropollanera. In Joropo clearly perceived Spanish ancestry, especially canned singing, the choreography, the arabesques of the voice and the Andalusian and flamenco footwork. Were the Jesuit missionaries who brought the music of his homeland to this region. Besides created interpret music schools. The Joropo interpreted by six strokes rights, six “corridos” or “pajarillos”. When the tune is slower basis, then it is called “Pasaje”, and if the base is still singing story, usually called “Corridos”. In the song there is a great tension in the throat by using very high grades and very low notes. It is also very common in singing the counterpoint, a verbal challenge in which tests the ingenuity and improvisation skills to defeat on a specific topic. The dance music is still llaneracouples dance in which the dancers are always holding hands around and stomping. In the first part using the steps valsiaos, with slow and wide, then run steps as escobillao shuffling, or the traditional
“Zapatiao” of man. This turns around and flirts increasingly tight to win the woman. Another derivative joropo rhythm is “Galeron”. This region was called “galerón” to historical or fantasy romances sung by rangers with themes of love, war and country scenes. It is believed that the harmony, melody, and beat, the “galerón” is derived from Gregorian chants of the Jesuit missionaries who came to the plains in the seventeenth century, and the Andalusians romances. It is also believed that the “galerón” derives from the edge of the boat crews that told what happened in offshore cruises. The melody of “galerón” is vague and monotonous to perform the song that is most important. The songs are improvised, cheerful, full of gallantry and curiously its protagonists are feats of great value, or description of the land of the plain, and not love. In the “galerón” the cuatro brings harmony, melody Requinto, and maracas are percussion instruments. “Galerón” dance represents the game of love between man and woman. Man tries to conquer and attract mates with the rapidity of their movements, the woman flirts turn him adorning the skirt. Here, both men and women stomp. Llaneros sets are the soul of joropos. They use the harp and mandolin as major instruments like voice, and maracas and cuatro as accompanying instruments. Over time, instruments like the guitar Tiple and have also been incorporated into these ensembles. Llaneros sets are present with their “corridos”, blows, birds and sheds in the festivities, in social and family parties, at any meeting of celebration, and in competitions and music festivals plains, as the International tournament of Villavicencio Joropo . The festivities are held in villages at different times. Besides music and dance, there are also racing horses, donkeys, cockfight, madams, etc.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS Typical instruments used in the performance of music llanera are the harp, cuatro and maracas, like the mandolin and mandolin that was gradually displaced by the harp as well as others like cirramplafurruco and which already not used. The Principal Harp music llanera instrument.
The harp used by the Jesuits in their missions during the eighteenth century, disappeared from the Plains after the wars of independence and the plateau was reintroduced after the surrender of the guerrillas in 1953. The harp in history was used throughout American Hispanic, mostly during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, as a solo instrument and harmonious, both in music and in the secular religious. In the nineteenth century was consolidated as the main instrument of various genres of traditional Latin American regional music.
This musical instrument typical of eastern Colombia and Venezuela, has 32 or 33 nylon strings in different gauges and organized in the musical scale depending on the thickness. Regularly is built of cedar, although there are manufacturers who use the pine and other woods durable and resistant. It uses clearcoat paint for your lose not sound as if it would happen with any color paint. The harp llanera is closely related to the artistic and musical expressions of eastern Colombia, gaining from its beginnings a value of "property" regional instrument.
“El cuatro”.
This little instrument whose name is derived from the ropes that owns, is a modification of “el quinto” and takes its origin in the late XVI. A beginning was made with chunks of rustic wood and vegetable fiber ropes very hard, which shelled molluscs slimming making ahead with viscera (guts) of animals, being dried in the sun to warm and object that emit sounds that somehow equalized with Spanish instruments. This instrument was created with the purpose of accompanying bodyguards, whistles, drums and maracas, the instrument any less or accompanying ensemble Ranger, has been honored as "guitarro".Previously Tiple, he was at the same level the accompanying instrument until the final four was displaced. “El cuatro” is played by strumming, taking into execution muñequeo great importance, the old wooden peg has been replaced by automatic headstock. The Capachos Maracas or Chuchas
Totumitos fact that fit well in the hand, in some regions a maraca was bigger and the sound was more severe and was told: male, the other was told or cascabelina rattlesnake. He deposited seeds capacho and then being told to maracas mats, or capachas. They are also called Chuchas. The maracas could be
scraped, very little holes drilled and painted. The Maraca Instrument is Colombian aboriginal contribution to folklore owls. All indigenous peoples of maracas made an instrument of their choice and executed in each ceremony. Small medium, large, decorated with paintings, carved with holes, short or long handle, topped with colorful feathers, well decorated to the taste of every people. It is known that the Incas used, the Guajiro, the Mayans, the Aztecs, the Quechua. However it is claimed that the name they gave the Indians south of Brazil Jupies living along the banks of the Rio Maraca which flows into the Amazon River.
The Bandola Harmonic instrument, also brought by settlers from Spain and slightly modified. It consists of a sounding board, smaller than a guitar and has 4 strings. It has very few frets and is played with pen in Venezuela is not considered as a basic instrument of music llanera, however here in Colombia, replaces the harp mandolin in some groups.
The Cirrampla
Instrument cost of a wooden stick which has tied a rope along, and as a sounding used mouth, vibrating the string with the fingers. Today can be considered "extinct" folklore, because nobody teaches its execution and was used only here in Colombia.
The furruco Indigenous instrument used to mark the low of the tunes. It comprises a hollow wooden cylinder at its two ends, one of them covered with a leather. It has at its center a rod. To play the instrument are joined palms wand between two and slides down, causing a vibration which sounds like a bass. INTERPRETERS. LUIS REY ARIEL Pioneer llanera phonography in Colombia, "el jilguero del llano" recorded in 1950 “Ay sisi” and other numbers, the first to arrive to acetate, with the trio "los llaneros" he formed with his brothers based guitars. In 1957 he first joined, harp recordings to music since before the region ran on guitar and mandolin llaneratiple, or orchestra.
ArnulfoBriceño Without being Ranger, has the privilege of having created the song "ay mi llanura" is the only song that popular anthem elevated to departmental, Meta. Some of his hits were "HatoCanaguay", made for a telenovela, "Canta Llano" evoking the goldfinch, "Adios a mi Llano", among others. JUAN FARFAN It is perhaps the most renowned Creole singer for the authenticity of their air and contents. Composer, singer and contrapunteador, four plays maracas, has brought his songs to Mexico and Central America. Theirbiggest hits: “Resignación”, “Murió el guayabo”, “El Araucano”, “Viva el Cantor”, “la brincona”, “La Peladera”, “Amor Ideal”, “El pato Jabao”, “el hombre de mil caminos”. ARIES VIGOTH Popular singer and composer of the joropos as "Llanura aqui esta tu hijo" and "Predestinación", co-authoredwith Mark Rodriguez and passagesthe parrandero Gavan, "plan inolvidable", "pecadoral". Integer folk delegation to Expo-Seville (Spain) and has sung in Miami and New York, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and Panama. ORLANDO CHOLO VALDERRAMA Singer, songwriter and cuatristasogamoseño. Accumulated trophies in dozens of festivals: Villavicencio, Arauca, "The Golden Florentino" Achaguas (Venezuela). Isfamousforitsthemes: “Quitarresuellos”, “Viento Viajero”, “Muchacha cuanto te quiero”, “Coleador” y “Pa'mi taita”. Ranger was the first folklorist to act in China and was presented in France, Italy, Mexico, Central America and Venezuela. More than a hundred songs recorded by himself and many other performers.
DUMAR ALJURE Singer of great tradition that has brought the genre to Guatemala, France, Spain, Venezuela and the Presidential Palace. He is the author of "CatiraCasanareña", which has become an anthem for women of this region of the plain. Touch "pa'lparrando" mandolin, mandolin and four. Another well-known theme, recorded several times, even by New Culture, is "el Taparito", winner of a festival in Villavicencio. More passages and famous hits: "Pa'lante casanareños", "Virgencita de Manare", "port res mujeres yo vivo", "el rencor". Walter Silva Singer-songwriter Ranger, born in Casanare, nominated twice for Grammy Awards Latin music, singer of songs "dondeanduviera mi muchacha" and "ya no le camino mas." ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
The ranching is the third activity economic on Orinoquia, it is important
because the region can carry its products as beef or cheese to Country's
Center, the ranching represent 7% from the PIB on Orinoquia. The first
economic activity is the mining industry and the second is the agriculture.
This region had 25, 4 hectare’s millions, where 58% is used for livestock, 35%
to natural woods and water, 2% to agriculture and 5% to commercial woods.
Before the Alvaro Uribe was president of Colombia, the investors were not
interesting in the Orinoquia, but today they are owners of many lands. They
had been developed some plans about agribusiness where they can are
competitive in the international market like cereals. These plans are destined
to farming of palm tree, corn, rice, sugar, meat of chicken and pig.
The earth's riches and humus of this region are important for Development
Plan's President Santos. According to the National Government, the
Orinoquia is important because it's the last region with agricultural frontier
for be an alternative about alimentary safety.
Alvaro Uribe looked for safety for Colombians and the investments
multinationals because the investors were frightened for the FARC.
According to Newspaper ‘El tiempo’ the resources naturals can be
opportunities for commercial relations with the country Venezuela. The
article mentions many of these resources in the region, for example:
Silver: Deposits on Vaupes, Guainía, Meta and Vichada.
Gold: Deposits on Guainía with an area of 800 km.
Diamantes: Deposits on Guainía.
In the Orinoquia there’s coal, salt, gypsum, copper, aluminum, limy, sand,
petroleum and other metals.
ENVORIMENTAL
The Orinoquia has the bigger richness of sweet water's fishes, is a region with
important species of birds and tropical gramineas. In this region also have
different amphibious, reptiles and mammals. This complex biodiversity is for
the history of the region. Approximately the region’s water represent the 32,
4% from the total in Colombia.
A cause of mining development many species have missing because some
rivers have been acidify with heavy metals from the extraction of natural
resources
The hydrography is important because is the sustenance of many ecosystems
and people that need of this resource for live. With the contamination of
waters the fishes died and the people can’t food, also, there is problems of
health.
The petroleum has been for many time source of contamination for
environment, the companies don’t think about the hurts to animals,
vegetation and native communities, who have been forced to going to other
places.
The ecosystems are very important because they are necessaries for the
preservation from the environmental. The woods are important because they
can catch carbon dioxide and less the greenhouse effect. Also, the
monocultures are damage because they spoil the grounds. These grounds are
important because they are a production ways.
CLIMATE
With regard to climate, temperatures range between 18 ° and 36 ° C, in this
region there is precipitation of rain in several departments and therefore the
Orinoco is characterized by a semi damp climate.
ORINOQUIA FAUNA
Introduction
The traditional Orinoquia fauna is represented in literature and some animals
are mentioned in stories, legends and fears of the people. The more known
in the Eastern Plains include savanna dear (Odocoileusvirginianus), the
capybara (Hydróchaerishydrochaeris) and red corocora(Eudocimusruber).
Orinoquia Fauna also includes one of the animals with the most powerful
vocals of the animal kingdom such as the howler monkey (Alouattaseniculus),
he can be heard several kilometers away or the different species of macaws
(Am spp.).
It also includes several animals that are considered dangerous to humans, as
the tiger (Pantheraonca), the guided black or anaconda (Eunectesmurinus),
the crocodile of Orinoquia (Crocodylusintermedius) and “cuatronarices”
(Bothropsatrox).
For being the showiest the birds are perhaps the largest group of vertebrates
that arouses sympathy in the general public. This is the natural region
containing a higher percentage of the national bird, however, their condition
isn’t satisfactory for the environment changes and the disorderly and
insensible agricultural development and livestock have greatly reduced
populations various species and questioned the regional survival of others.
The origin of the Eastern Plains is comparatively recent, perhaps less than a
million years; its soils are extremely poor and are formed from the
sedimentation of the Andes.
Fishes:
The famous “temblón” (Electrophorus electricus) who has many legends and
fear generated by the danger of electric shock, can also find the peacock
(Cichlaocellaris), fish regularly required as a source of protein. Probably the
most notorious fish in the Orinoquia are varieties of "Caribs" or "piranhas"
(Serrasalmus spp.)
Many ornamental fish are found in this basin and this has led to a large
international trade. We can mention the tetras (Cheirodonaxelrodi,
Axelrodiariesei and others), the ax (Thoracocharxstellatus,
Amblydorashancocki), the "four-eyes" (Anablepsanableps, Ancistrus spp.)
Reptiles and amphibians:
The species that we can find in the plains the presence of water for many
months of the year are as follows: three anurans (Bufomarinus,
Hylamicrocepha the H. rubra), a crocodile, stifle, (Calmancrocodylus), a turtle
(Kinosternonscorpioides), a lizard, iguana (Iguana iguana) and three snakes
(Eunectesmurinus, Helicopsangulatus and Leptodeiraannulata).
The amphibious that can be considerate endemic species of Orinoquia are
four frogs (Hylaminuscula, H. wandae, Physalaemus enesefae y Pipraparva),
the toad (Bufomarinus) is the most common amphibian seen in the vicinity of
occupied areas, When it rains, there’s more than during the dry season, and
is commonly found near artificial light sources where they hunt insects.
Although the “babilla” is not dangerous to humans, is hunted and eaten by
them. The boa (Boa constrictor) can reach up to 4 m long and are regarded as
a potential danger to pets; however, they are not dangerous to humans,
another feared snake is the rattlesnake (Crotalusdurissus), which is in very
dry forests and savannas. Its bite can be dangerous, the most common is
“cuatronarices” (Bothrops cf. Atrox), perhaps because it is attracted to the
houses by the presence of small rodents which are their main food.
The Orinoquia is seen by the hydrocarbon sector, public and private, as a promising area for the discovery and exploitation of heavy oil. La AgenciaNacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH), as administrator of the hydrocarbon resources of the Nation, has made eight blocks in the region. Oil activitieshavebeenenclave economies, with negative impactson local populations, anddirect impact onthelivelihoods ofthe villages. Alsoattractmigrants andmaycause the displacement oftraditionalcommunities. Neverthelessthese activitiescanfacilitate processes ofequitable and sustainable development.
A first stepis to harmonizethe expansion of mining industry with thenational
conservationpolicies, like the ANH has made it. For example, royalties could
be investedin the consolidationof aregional conservationprojectthat
generatesa realintergenerationalcompensation.
History of oil
From the 40’s many multinational companies searched oil in Orinoquia. In
the 70’s expertsshowedthe oil wealth in Orinoquia.
ARAUCA: This Departmentfor severalyears hasbeenabandoned
andmarginalized; its economy was based mainly on farming; its
coverageinhealth and educationserviceswas extremely low. The
exploitationof Caño Limonmeantfor public authoritiesin Araucaand forthe
Nationa significant increasein revenue.
CASANARE:Thehydrocarbonsfrom these fieldscontain oil, gas and water
ofinhabitants searchingbetter alternativesof life.
BIOGRAPHY OF EDUARDO CARRANZA
“The quality of man is the measure of the quality of poetry” (Antonio G. De Lama) Carranza’s Life
Eduardo Carranza was a poet (Apiay, Meta, July 23 1993-Bogotá, February 13
1985) who broke with French style of poetry that was written in Colombia in
the twentieth century. He wrote in Hispanic classical and he associated the
poetry with his remote plain province.
Eduardostudiedin Bogotaand hewas professor ofcolleges anduniversities,
publishedhis first bookin 1936called"Cancionesparainiciaruna fiesta"from
1958 to1951 hewas directorofthe National Library ofColombia.
He was member of the Academy of Language since 1963 and directed the Library Special District of Bogota. In 1984 the national government, headed by the president BelisarioBetancur named him roving ambassador of Spanish-speaking countries, and Carranza closed with Leopold Sedar Senghor and Jorge Luis Borges the VII World Congress of Poetry in Morocco. Carranzawrote some essaysandthe identityof his styleisthe recurring themes.
He wrote some essays and the identity of his style is the recurring themes, in
his poems are constantly words like blue, palm or flag. The poetic exercise of
Carranza explored various options; in his maturity the poetry was no longer
transparent and luminous but eloquent in its sadness. This was thetone
thatallowed him to write, atage 60, his best poems,
groupedin“HablarSoñando”and“Epístola mortal”, in these poems reflected
the profundity of topics as the absence, the loss and the desolation.
“His youth poetry shows the heart of a teenager, also when he arrive at adulthood and finally old age. It's a whole life, with all its passions, hopes, disillusions and mistakes where is written in verse. Carranza has written everything and nothing has been omitted...” [Tome 4, Literatura, pp. 216-218].
For Carranza poetry expresses the collective hopes and dreams of a people, according to he is necessary to leave the tired rhetoric to search again contact with the earth, humans and history (CARRANZA, Eduardo: «Valores y ausencia de la poesíacolombiana actual). The starting point of the poetry of Carranza was the same as Pablo Neruda: he doesn’t like the world where he lives and wants to transform it with poetry. Carranza’s political thought SimonBolivarwas for Carranzahis father, friend andsole boss. Bolivar
influenced the political thought of the poet because he thought that
Colombia should be a Bolivarian republic where executive power is greater
than the legislature. Carranza didn’t seek dictatorship but a policy to defend
the man and his freedom. However some critics say that Carranza was a
person very conservative and he defended an authoritarian regime.
Tourism
Tourism is one of the items of the regional
economy, which in recent years has been on the
agenda of public policy department.
Near Villavicencio, on the road to the town of
Puerto Lopez is MerecureAgroecological Park,
considered the largest of its kind in South America.
The municipalities of San Martin, Restrepo, Puerto Lopez, Puerto Gaitan and
Acacias, are also interesting places to visit in Meta.
Other beautiful places of this region are:
National Natural ParkTheTuparro
The park was created in 1970, covers
an area of 548,000 hectares and is
bathed by the rivers Tomo to the north,
and rivers Tuparro,
CañoMaipuresTuparrito and south. The
park is a sanctuary for birds, orchids, monkeys, snakes and dolphins
(freshwater pink dolphins).
There also exists an ancient cemetery that belonged to the indigenous nation
of Maipures, now disappeared.
The park's name is due to the Tuparro hills, small mountains of height less
than 900 meters, which belonged to the former Guayana Massif and are
composed of quartz.
As a tourist destination, The Tuparro Park is a special place. Its natural
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attractions of incomparable beauty can offer visitors various recreation
possibilities.
Besides admiring the rapids and the exotic surroundings, visitors can go
hiking, kayaking, fishing and sports, climbing andphotography. There is, also,
a large scale production that includes the work of