Origins of Origins of American American Government Government Where did we get the idea Where did we get the idea for the government we for the government we have today? have today?
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Origins of American Origins of American GovernmentGovernment
Where did we get the idea for Where did we get the idea for the government we have the government we have
today?today?
There are 5 parts to this unit.There are 5 parts to this unit.
1.1. Political HeritagePolitical Heritage
2.2. Colonial GovernmentColonial Government
3.3. Trouble StartsTrouble Starts
4.4. ConfederationConfederation
5.5. ConstitutionConstitution
Part 1: Political HeritagePart 1: Political Heritage Your goal: Be able to describe Your goal: Be able to describe
how the government of the how the government of the early United States was early United States was established.established.
English Political HeritageEnglish Political Heritage
Limited GovernmentLimited Government Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government Written ConstitutionsWritten Constitutions Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers
English Political HeritageEnglish Political Heritage Limited GovernmentLimited Government
Magna Carta - 1215Magna Carta - 1215 Creation of ParliamentCreation of Parliament
House of Lords - late 1200’House of Lords - late 1200’ss
Petition of RightsPetition of Rights Parliament - 1628Parliament - 1628
English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights 1689 - List of rights1689 - List of rights
Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government (Parliament)(Parliament) House of Commons House of Commons
New Political Ideas about rightsNew Political Ideas about rights Hobbes and LockeHobbes and Locke
Magna CartaMagna Carta
In 1215, King John In 1215, King John of England was of England was forced to sign the forced to sign the Magna Carta.Magna Carta.
This was a list of This was a list of limitations for the limitations for the king.king.
The The Magna Carta Magna Carta established the established the idea of idea of limited limited governmentgovernment – the – the power of the power of the monarch was monarch was limited, limited, not not absolute. absolute.
Petition of Right Petition of Right 1625, Charles I took 1625, Charles I took
the English throne. the English throne.
He dissolved He dissolved Parliament, housed Parliament, housed soldiers in private soldiers in private homes, and placed homes, and placed some areas under some areas under martial law.martial law.
Petition of Right Petition of Right 1628, King Charles I 1628, King Charles I
needed money, so he needed money, so he called Parliament back called Parliament back into session.into session.
Petition of RightPetition of Right Parliament was fed up with Charles I Parliament was fed up with Charles I
& refused to give him money unless & refused to give him money unless signed the signed the Petition of Right in 1628: in 1628:
King could not jail people without King could not jail people without a good reasona good reason
King could not make taxes without King could not make taxes without Parliament's approvalParliament's approval
King could not keep his soldiers in King could not keep his soldiers in peoples’ homes & could not use peoples’ homes & could not use army to maintain order during army to maintain order during peacetimepeacetime
William and MaryWilliam and Mary 1688, William III and 1688, William III and
Mary II came to the Mary II came to the English throne.English throne.
They agreed to rule They agreed to rule
with with Parliament and Parliament and Parliament passed the Parliament passed the English Bill of Rights – English Bill of Rights – important to the important to the American colonies.American colonies.
English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights 1688, the 1688, the English Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights
Set clear limits on monarchs Set clear limits on monarchs Monarchs do not have absolute Monarchs do not have absolute
powerpower Monarchs rule Monarchs rule with with ParliamentParliament Monarchs cannot interfere with Monarchs cannot interfere with
elections or debateselections or debates Citizens have right of petition, Citizens have right of petition,
fair and speedy trial; no cruel or fair and speedy trial; no cruel or unusual punishments or unusual punishments or excessive fines and bail.excessive fines and bail.
The colonies beginThe colonies begin
In 1607, the In 1607, the English settled English settled Jamestown, Jamestown, VirginiaVirginia
The idea of limited The idea of limited government had government had become part of the become part of the English system.English system.
The colonies beginThe colonies begin
American colonists American colonists believed in believed in representative representative democracydemocracy
Enlightenment WritersEnlightenment Writers Hobbes, Voltaire, Rousseau, and John Hobbes, Voltaire, Rousseau, and John
Locke wrote about Social contract.Locke wrote about Social contract.
Social contract: Agreeing to follow laws and Social contract: Agreeing to follow laws and accept duties to be part of the society.accept duties to be part of the society.
Jean-Jacque Rousseau
Give me freedom of speech, and I promise I wont abuse it by yelling all the time.
Like – Comment – 10 minutes ago
John LockeJohn Locke John Locke took social John Locke took social
contract a step further. .contract a step further. .
John Locke
People are born with rights to life, liberty, and property. To keep these rights, they willingly contract to give power to a government. When government fails to preserve those rights, people have the right to break the contract and REVOLT!!Like – Comment – 20 minutes ago
Part 2: Colonial GovernmentPart 2: Colonial Government Your goal: Be able to Your goal: Be able to
describe the early forms of describe the early forms of government in the colonies.government in the colonies.
Colonial GovernmentColonial Government
There were 102 men, There were 102 men, women, and children women, and children aboard the Mayflower.aboard the Mayflower.
They were granted They were granted land by the Virginia land by the Virginia Company, but were Company, but were blown off course.blown off course.
Once outside Virginia, Once outside Virginia, they were an they were an independent colony.independent colony.
Colonial GovernmentColonial Government
Passengers decided to Passengers decided to establish rules for this establish rules for this new colony.new colony.
The The Mayflower Mayflower CompactCompact (1620) is the (1620) is the first example of first example of colonial plans for self colonial plans for self government.government.
Colonial GovernmentColonial Government Each American colony Each American colony
had its own governor, had its own governor, legislature, and court legislature, and court system.system.
The British felt the The British felt the colonies owed colonies owed allegiance to the allegiance to the monarch, and for monarch, and for years the colonies years the colonies were loyal to the were loyal to the crown.crown.
Colonial GovernmentColonial Government Colonial governments Colonial governments
began practices that began practices that became a key part of became a key part of the nation’s the nation’s government:government:
1. a written constitution 1. a written constitution guaranteeing basic guaranteeing basic rights and limited the rights and limited the power of governmentpower of government
2. elected 2. elected representativesrepresentatives
3. separation of powers 3. separation of powers between the governor between the governor and legislature.and legislature.
Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers
Colonies set up Colonies set up governments that governments that separated powersseparated powers
Branches of governmentBranches of government Election of local Election of local
representativesrepresentatives
Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments Colonial LegislaturesColonial Legislatures
Circumstances necessitated self-Circumstances necessitated self-governmentgovernment
Leaders picked by CrownLeaders picked by Crown
3 requirements for self government3 requirements for self government Remain Loyal CitizensRemain Loyal Citizens Buy British GoodsBuy British Goods Provide Raw MaterialsProvide Raw Materials
Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments Written Constitutions (a plan for Written Constitutions (a plan for
government)government)
A deal between colonists A deal between colonists and crown (Social Contract)and crown (Social Contract)
Reaction to abuses of Reaction to abuses of power by rulerspower by rulers
Each colony had a Each colony had a constitution that outlined constitution that outlined how the colonial how the colonial government would operate.government would operate.
Colonial GovernmentColonial Government
The The Fundamental Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutOrders of Connecticut was America’s first was America’s first formal constitution.formal constitution.
It laid out a plan for It laid out a plan for government that gave government that gave the people the right to the people the right to elect the governor, elect the governor, judges, and judges, and representatives to representatives to make laws.make laws.
Don’t take notes. Just listen.
Colonial GovernmentColonial Government
Other English colonies Other English colonies began to draw up their began to draw up their own charters setting own charters setting the principles of the principles of limited government limited government and rule by law in and rule by law in each colonies.each colonies.
Don’t take notes. Just listen.
Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments Representative Representative
assemblies became assemblies became common in the English common in the English colonies.colonies.
1619: Virginia House 1619: Virginia House of Burgessesof Burgesses
It was the first It was the first legislature* in North legislature* in North America.America.
*Legislature: the part of government that makes laws
Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments Rapid growth- colonies Rapid growth- colonies
needed new laws to needed new laws to cope with new cope with new circumstances such ascircumstances such as
land distributionland distribution public workspublic works new townsnew towns new schoolsnew schools new courts.new courts.
Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments
Colonial charters Colonial charters divided the power of divided the power of government:government:
Governor had Governor had executive powerexecutive power
Legislature had the Legislature had the right to pass lawsright to pass laws
Judges heard casesJudges heard cases
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