Origins of the Cold War By the 1970s the US and the USSR each had enough nuclear weapons to blow the world up several times over. Can you explain this cartoonist’s joke?
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Origins of the Cold War By the 1970s the US and the USSR each had enough nuclear weapons to blow the world up several times over. Can you explain this.
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Slide 1
Origins of the Cold War By the 1970s the US and the USSR each
had enough nuclear weapons to blow the world up several times over.
Can you explain this cartoonists joke?
Slide 2
What was the Cold War? The strategic and political struggle
that developed after WWII between the United States and its Western
European allies and the Soviet Union (aka Russia/USSR) and Eastern
European allies The strategic and political struggle that developed
after WWII between the United States and its Western European
allies and the Soviet Union (aka Russia/USSR) and Eastern European
allies The 2 Sides of Cold War USSR USSR USA USA EastWest
CommunismCapitalism DictatorsDemocracy East Europe (USSR
Satellites) West Europe (US Allies) Warsaw Pact NATO
Slide 3
Characteristics of Cold War Suspicions between capitalists
& communists Propaganda Espionage - spying Nuclear arms race
Space race NO direct conflict between those involved
Slide 4
COLD WAR MAP USA USSR West Germany and East Germany
Slide 5
A significant aim was also to discuss the future: A significant
aim was also to discuss the future: What to do with Germanys
leaders after the war What to do with Germanys leaders after the
war What would happen to the occupied countries after defeat of
Nazis, especially those of Eastern Europe What would happen to the
occupied countries after defeat of Nazis, especially those of
Eastern Europe How to end the war with Japan How to end the war
with Japan How to build a lasting peace. How to build a lasting
peace. Two conferences were held in 1945 at Yalta and Potsdam to
discuss differences of opinion (there had also been conferences at
Quebec in 1943 and 1944)
Slide 6
Why did the wartime alliance breakdown? Background to the Cold
War
Slide 7
Damage caused by WWII Houses, factories, shops & entire
cities destroyed by bombing Houses, factories, shops & entire
cities destroyed by bombing By 1945, millions of sick, hungry &
homeless & refugees across Europe By 1945, millions of sick,
hungry & homeless & refugees across Europe Millions had
lost their lives Millions had lost their lives Which country had
suffered most? How did this affect its relations with other
countries after the war?
Slide 8
Major point: The USSR lost about Major point: The USSR lost
about 20 million people in WW2 Stalin was determined to make the
USSR secure against any future attacks - paranoid Stalin was
determined to make the USSR secure against any future attacks -
paranoid By contrast:- Great Britain lost 370,000 - the USA lost
297,000 By contrast:- Great Britain lost 370,000 - the USA lost
297,000 - Canada lost 42 000. Canada, meanwhile was known as a
middle power with the worlds 3rd largest navy and 4th largest air
force The USSRs Position
Slide 9
Conflicting ideologies Before the war many countries could
claim to be superpowers: USA, USSR, Britain, Germany, Japan,
France, Italy Before the war many countries could claim to be
superpowers: USA, USSR, Britain, Germany, Japan, France, Italy By
1945 only 2 clear superpowers: US & USSR By 1945 only 2 clear
superpowers: US & USSR Conflicting ideologies: capitalism &
communism Conflicting ideologies: capitalism & communism What
joke is this cartoonist saying about relations between the Grand
Alliance after 1945? Canada, meanwhile was known as a middle power
with the worlds 3rd largest navy and 4th largest air force
Slide 10
Slide 11
Political changes in Europe Most European countries occupied by
Germany & run by governors Most European countries occupied by
Germany & run by governors With no German govt., who would
govern Europe? With no German govt., who would govern Europe?
Resistance movements: communist, e.g. Greece & Turkey or
non-communist e.g. France? Resistance movements: communist, e.g.
Greece & Turkey or non-communist e.g. France?
Slide 12
Rise of USA 1941, Germany invaded Russia Western allies delayed
opening of 2 nd front US developed atomic bomb independently US
economic threat (50% global manufacture) US air & naval
supremacy Believed Communism was undemocratic USAs first atomic
bomb test
Slide 13
Rise of USSR 1941, Germany invaded Russia 1941, Germany invaded
Russia Russia fought back bravely suffering more than 20 million
deaths Russia fought back bravely suffering more than 20 million
deaths Russia felt Western allies intentionally delayed opening of
2 nd front to cause Russian suffering Russia felt Western allies
intentionally delayed opening of 2 nd front to cause Russian
suffering US developed atomic bomb independently and did not tell
their allies: Russia US developed atomic bomb independently and did
not tell their allies: Russia Russia occupied most of eastern
europe after war and was determined to keep it as a cushion Russia
occupied most of eastern europe after war and was determined to
keep it as a cushion Russia explodes own atomic bomb in 1949 Russia
explodes own atomic bomb in 1949
Slide 14
Key events of the Cold War 1945, Yalta & Potsdam
conferences 1945, Yalta & Potsdam conferences Soviet expansion
in E. Europe Soviet expansion in E. Europe 1946, Iron Curtain 1946,
Iron Curtain 1947, Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan 1947, Truman
Doctrine & Marshall Plan 1949, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization) 1949, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 1955,
Warsaw Pact 1955, Warsaw Pact 1961, Berlin Wall 1961, Berlin Wall
1962, Cuban Missile Crisis 1962, Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile
Crisis Berlin Wall last days