Origins of Origins of Progressivism Progressivism
Jan 14, 2016
Origins of ProgressivismOrigins of Progressivism
Reformers wanted to solve the Reformers wanted to solve the problems brought on by problems brought on by
immigration, industrialization, immigration, industrialization, and urbanizationand urbanization
Lost faith in voluntary reformLost faith in voluntary reform USE THE POWER OF THE USE THE POWER OF THE
GOVERNMENT!!!GOVERNMENT!!!
Problems exposed in the Problems exposed in the 1890’s1890’s
Corporate power / disparity of wealthCorporate power / disparity of wealth Rebellious working class – socialists, Rebellious working class – socialists,
anarchistsanarchists Condition of the citiesCondition of the cities Political corruptionPolitical corruption Racism / Prejudice / Jim CrowRacism / Prejudice / Jim Crow
MuckrakersMuckrakers
Exposed and dramatized the need for Exposed and dramatized the need for reformreform
Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the CitiesCities
Jacob Riis – How the Other Half LivesJacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives Ida Tarbell – The History of Standard Ida Tarbell – The History of Standard
OilOil Upton Sinclair – The JungleUpton Sinclair – The Jungle William Hard – “Making Steel, Killing William Hard – “Making Steel, Killing
Men”Men”
Goals of ProgressivismGoals of Progressivism
Protect social welfare programs Protect social welfare programs (programs for the poor and needy)(programs for the poor and needy)
Promote moral improvement Promote moral improvement (prohibition)(prohibition)
Economic reform (socialism)Economic reform (socialism) Efficiency in the workplace (assembly Efficiency in the workplace (assembly
line)line)
Jane AddamsJane Addams
Hull Hull HouseHouse
Who Who benefitebenefited most d most from from Hull Hull House?House?
Issues of Female Issues of Female ProgressivesProgressives
Exploitation of female workers (and Exploitation of female workers (and children)children)
Women’s suffrageWomen’s suffrage FeminismFeminism TemperanceTemperance Immigration reform?????Immigration reform?????
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Triangle Shirtwaist Factory FireFire
Reforming the workplaceReforming the workplace
Frederick Taylor – Scientific managementFrederick Taylor – Scientific management
Reforms in GovernmentReforms in Government
City CouncilsCity Councils ““Reform Mayors”Reform Mayors” Robert La FolletteRobert La Follette
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette%2C_Srr..
States begin to regulate more States begin to regulate more industriesindustries
Muller v. Oregon and Bunting v. Muller v. Oregon and Bunting v. OregonOregon
Workman’s compensationWorkman’s compensation
Increasing power of the Increasing power of the citizenscitizens
Initiative/referendumInitiative/referendum RecallRecall 1717thth Amendment Amendment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_election
Roles of WomenRoles of Women
Rural Areas – Farm workRural Areas – Farm work CitiesCities
Domestics (servants)Domestics (servants) Factory workFactory work Clerical (white collar) workClerical (white collar) work
Teachers, bookkeepers, stenographersTeachers, bookkeepers, stenographers
As businesses expanded new As businesses expanded new jobs opened to women which jobs opened to women which
required more educationrequired more education
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Upper Class WomenUpper Class Women
Time to get involved in reform Time to get involved in reform movementsmovements
Women’s collegesWomen’s colleges Decline in marriageDecline in marriage
Attempts to gain suffrageAttempts to gain suffrage
State legislaturesState legislatures Court challengesCourt challenges Constitutional Constitutional
AmendmentAmendment
Roosevelt’s Square DealRoosevelt’s Square Deal
1901 – McKinley is 1901 – McKinley is assassinatedassassinated
Teddy Roosevelt Teddy Roosevelt becomes youngest becomes youngest President (42)President (42)
Square DealSquare Deal
Progressive reforms proposed by Progressive reforms proposed by Roosevelt administrationRoosevelt administration
Increased power of the Increased power of the PresidencyPresidency
1902 Coal Strike1902 Coal Strike ““trust busting”trust busting” Railroad regulationRailroad regulation
Legislation protecting citizens Legislation protecting citizens and the environmentand the environment
Meat Inspection ActMeat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug ActPure Food and Drug Act National Parks and Wildlife National Parks and Wildlife
SanctuariesSanctuaries
http://http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dalbook.htwww.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dalbook.html#introml#intro
Civil RightsCivil Rights
Little progressLittle progress
Progressivism under TaftProgressivism under Taft
Although eligible, TR had vowed not Although eligible, TR had vowed not to run for re-election in 1908to run for re-election in 1908
TR selects and supports William TR selects and supports William Howard TaftHoward Taft
Taft’s troubles in officeTaft’s troubles in office
Angered Progressives by signing Payne-Angered Progressives by signing Payne-Aldrich TariffAldrich Tariff
Allowed public lands in west to be sold Allowed public lands in west to be sold to private intereststo private interests
Fired Gifford PinchotFired Gifford Pinchot Republican Party splits – conservatives Republican Party splits – conservatives
vs. progressivesvs. progressives Democrats gain control of House in 1910Democrats gain control of House in 1910
Election of 1912Election of 1912
Taft nominated by RepublicansTaft nominated by Republicans Wilson by DemocratsWilson by Democrats Eugene Debs by SocialistsEugene Debs by Socialists TR by progressives – “Bull Moose TR by progressives – “Bull Moose
Party”Party”
Platform of Bull Moose PartyPlatform of Bull Moose Party
Direct election of SenatorsDirect election of Senators Initiative, referendum, recallInitiative, referendum, recall Women’s suffrageWomen’s suffrage Minimum wage for womenMinimum wage for women Outlaw child laborOutlaw child labor FTC to regulate businessFTC to regulate business
Wilson wins with only 42% of Wilson wins with only 42% of popular votepopular vote
Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom
Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson Raised in the South – prejudiced?Raised in the South – prejudiced? President of Princeton U.President of Princeton U. Plan – The New FreedomPlan – The New Freedom
Destroy trustsDestroy trusts Lower tariffsLower tariffs Control lendingControl lending
Wilson’s AccomplishmentsWilson’s Accomplishments
Clayton Anti-trust ActClayton Anti-trust Act Federal Trade Commission (FTC)Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Underwood Tariff of 1913Underwood Tariff of 1913 1616thth Amendment – graduated income Amendment – graduated income
taxtax Federal Reserve SystemFederal Reserve System 1919thth Amendment – women’s suffrage? Amendment – women’s suffrage?
Wilson’s FailuresWilson’s Failures
Opposed child labor lawsOpposed child labor laws Expanded racial segregationExpanded racial segregation